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USA Electoral Law
USA Electoral Law
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| 1 | This is particularly clear if the legislation states that the type of error involved in the case will not affect an election unless it was “likely the election result was affected.” this rule provides a greater challenge to a petitioner than the test in Woodward. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 2 | Under s 51(xxvi) of the Constitution, the Australian Parliament has the power to make laws with respect to “the people of any race for whom it is deemed necessary to make special laws.” this power might be used to create Indigenous quotas (unless this is seen by the High Court as inconsistent with the direction in ss 7 and 24 of the Constitution that Parliament be “directly chosen by the people”). This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 3 | Electoral law, as a scholarly discipline in Australia, is only beginning to emerge from a Cinderella state.2 In this article, we describe the key issues and themes in Australian electoral law, largely in respect to the uniform national (that is, federal) electoral law, but also, where relevant, to the law that applies to state and territory elections. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 4 | A central reason for this is the lack of a Bill of Rights at any level of government in Australia. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 5 | Some of the issues raised in this article are the subject of more detailed consideration in a forthcoming book Realising Democracy: Electoral Law in Australia, which will be the first academic legal work dedicated to Australian electoral law. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 6 | It fails even to include an express right to vote (although in this respect it is admittedly no less deficient than the U.S. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 7 | For a time in the 1990s, it appeared this trend might change. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 8 | Although not written in the Constitution, this freedom was drawn from the provisions of the Constitution providing for direct elections and was seen as essential to the fabric of representative government. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 9 | ) From this discussion, it is evident that any hopes—or fears—that ACTV would lead to a new world of court-enforced equality of electoral and political competition, have proved unfounded. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 10 | Supporters of judicial activism in this area might argue that electoral law is such a fundamental aspect of democratic and legal legitimacy that it ought not be left to parliaments. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 11 | A judge adopting this approach will put the onus squarely on the petitioner to prove the result was probably affected. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 12 | Given the secrecy of the ballot, this may be a difficult onus to discharge in the case of people alleged to have voted who should not (or vice versa).23 The opposing approach is that once contraventions capable of affecting the result are established, the fair elections ideal requires the respondent candidates to disprove any reasonable doubt over their election. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 13 | Applying the empirical requirement that the election was “likely to have been affected” is a little more rational in this situation. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 14 | Consider this extreme but not fanciful example. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 15 | But this would not be because the result can be shown to have been affected—there may be no way to discover how the people voted on the extra polling days—but because a deeper principle is involved. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 16 | Some judges have held that this prevents injunctive relief during the campaign or ballot count, if the matter being litigated could affect the outcome of the election, or if the applicant is seeking an injunction that might delay the election. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 17 | But what is the proper definition of “validity of any election” in this context? This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 18 | Illiberal, but popular, this move elevated the status of the franchise from a privilege to a duty. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 19 | In a system still based on single-member constituencies, this introduces a sharp-edge of proportionality around the magical figure of 50% of the two-party preferred vote. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 20 | Those who blanch at the sight of a party or administration gaining political control with less than 50% of the vote see this as a noble aim. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 21 | (3) For paragraph (2) substitute— “(2) In the case of a person applying as proxy, the presiding officer may, and if required as mentioned in paragraph (1) above must, put the following additional question:— (a) “Have you already voted as proxy at this election, either here or elsewhere in this or any other district electoral area, on behalf of four or more electors?” and if the person answers that question in the negative, the following question:— (b) “Have you already voted as proxy at this election, either here or elsewhere in this or any other district electoral area, on behalf of two or more electors both or all of whom are registered in a register of local electors in Northern Ireland otherwise than by virtue of a service qualification?” and if the person answers that question in the affirmative, the following question:— (c) “Is the elector (or are the electors) for whom you are voting today at this election registered in a register of local electors in Northern Ireland otherwise than by virtue of a service qualification?”” (4) After paragraph (2) insert— “(2A) Where a clerk— (a) gives a person the required information (see paragraph (6)), (b) puts any of the questions set out in paragraphs (1) to (2) above to the person, and (c) decides that the person has failed to answer the question satisfactorily, the clerk must refer the matter to the presiding officer, who must put the question to the person again.” (5) For paragraph (3) substitute— “(3) Where the presiding officer— (a) gives a person the required information, (b) puts any of the questions set out in paragraphs (1) to (2) above to the person (whether or not following a referral under paragraph (2A)), and (c) decides that the person has failed to answer the question satisfactorily, the officer must refuse to deliver a ballot paper to the person.” (6) After paragraph (5) insert— “(6) For the purposes of this rule, a person to whom any question is to be put is given “the required information” if the person is first informed that— (a) a ballot paper will be refused if the person fails to answer each question satisfactorily, and (b) giving false information may be an offence.” 14 (1) Rule 34 (voting procedure) is amended as follows. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 22 | (4) In entry 2, in the column headed “Questions”, for question (c) substitute— “(c) “Have you already voted as proxy at this election, whether here or elsewhere in this constituency or in any other constituency, on behalf of four or more electors?” [R] (d) If the person answers question (c) in the negative: “Have you already voted as proxy at this election, whether here or elsewhere in this constituency or in any other constituency, on behalf of two or more electors?” [R] (e) If the person answers question (d) in the affirmative: “Were two or more of the electors on whose behalf you have voted in this election registered in a register of parliamentary electors otherwise than in pursuance of an overseas elector’s declaration or a service declaration?” [R] (f) If the person answers question (e) in the affirmative: “Is the elector (or are the electors) for whom you are voting today registered in a register of parliamentary electors otherwise than in pursuance of an overseas elector’s declaration or a service declaration?” [R] (g) At an election held in Northern Ireland, “What is your date of birth?”.”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 23 | (5) In entry 3, in the column headed “Questions”, for question (c) substitute— “(c) “Have you already voted as proxy at this election, whether here or elsewhere in this constituency or in any other constituency, on behalf of four or more electors?” [R] (d) If the person answers question (c) in the negative: “Have you already voted as proxy at this election, whether here or elsewhere in this constituency or in any other constituency, on behalf of two or more electors?” [R] (e) If the person answers question (d) in the affirmative: “Were two or more of the electors on whose behalf you have voted in this election registered in a register of parliamentary electors otherwise than in pursuance of an overseas elector’s declaration or a service declaration?” [R] (f) If the person answers question (e) in the affirmative: “Is the elector (or are the electors) for whom you are voting today registered in a register of parliamentary electors otherwise than in pursuance of an overseas elector’s declaration or a service declaration?” [R]”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 24 | (4) More than one day may be specified for the purposes of this paragraph if the relevant provisions of this Schedule come into force on different days (and in such a case references in this paragraph to the specified day and to the relevant provisions of this Schedule are to be construed accordingly). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 25 | (5) More than one day may be specified for the purposes of this paragraph if the relevant provisions of this Schedule come into force on different days (and in such a case references in this paragraph to the specified day and to the relevant provisions of this Schedule are to be construed accordingly). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 26 | (5) More than one day may be specified for the purposes of this paragraph if the relevant provisions of this Schedule come into force on different days (and in such a case references in this paragraph to the specified day and to the relevant provisions of this Schedule are to be construed accordingly). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 27 | (12) If the functions of the Levelling Up, Housing and Communities Committee at the passing of this Act with respect to electoral matters (or functions corresponding substantially to such matters) become functions of a different committee of the House of Commons, the reference in subsection (1)(b) to that Committee is to be read as a reference to the committee which for the time being has those functions.” (2) In section 156 of PPERA (orders and regulations), in subsection (3), before paragraph (a) insert— “(za) an order under section 100B(8);” (3) In Schedule 8A to PPERA (controlled expenditure: qualifying expenses), in paragraph 3, after sub-paragraph (10) insert— “(11) this paragraph does not apply in relation to expenses incurred during a period in relation to which any limit is imposed by paragraph 3, 7, 9, 10 or 11 of Schedule 10 (regulated periods for parliamentary general elections or general elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly) (see sections 100A and 100B as regards expenses incurred during such a period).” PART 5 DISQUALIFICATION OF OFFENDERS FOR HOLDING ELECTIVE OFFICE ETC 30 Disqualification orders (1) This section applies where— (a) a person (“the offender”) is convicted of a Schedule 9 offence, (b) the offender was aged 18 or over when the offence was committed, and (c) the court is satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that the offence is aggravated by hostility related to persons falling within any of sections 32 to 34. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 28 | 57 Proceedings for an offence under this Part (1) Summary proceedings for an offence under this Part may, without prejudice to any jurisdiction exercisable apart from this subsection, be taken against any body, including an unincorporated association, at any place at which it has a place of business, and against an individual at any place at which the individual is for the time being. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 29 | 24 After rule 40A insert— “Collection and disclosure of information relating to applications made under rules 37 to 40 40B (1) this rule applies in relation to an election held in England and Wales or Scotland if— (a) regulations provide that this rule applies in relation to the election, or (b) the election is within a description of elections in relation to which regulations provide that this rule applies. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 30 | 9 (1) this paragraph applies where— (a) a proxy appointment is in force immediately before the day specified for the purposes of this paragraph (“the specified day”) as a result of an application made before the day on which the relevant provisions of this Schedule come into force, and (b) the appointment has effect immediately before the specified day in relation to— (i) parliamentary elections in Northern Ireland, or (ii) a particular parliamentary election in Northern Ireland. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 31 | (5) More than one day may be specified for the purposes of this paragraph if the relevant provisions come into force on different days (and in such a case references in this paragraph to the specified day and to the relevant provisions of this Schedule are to be construed accordingly). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 32 | Transitional provisions relating to proxy voting 32 (1) this paragraph applies where— (a) a proxy appointment is in force immediately before the day specified for the purposes of this paragraph (“the specified day”) as a result of an application made before the day on which the relevant provisions of this Schedule come into force, and (b) the appointment has effect immediately before the specified day in relation to local elections in Northern Ireland or a particular local election in Northern Ireland. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 33 | PART 4 TRANSITIONAL PROVISION ETC Holders of elected offices 12 (1) this paragraph applies where— (a) immediately before the coming into force of a particular provision of this Schedule (the “relevant provision”), a person holds an office falling within sub-paragraph (4), (b) the person’s term in that office is due to continue after that time, and (c) apart from this paragraph, the person would become disqualified for continuing to hold that office as a result of the coming into force of the relevant provision. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 34 | 37) 55 Information in Commission’s annual report 56 Notices 57 Proceedings for an offence under this Part 58 Offences committed by bodies corporate 59 Offences committed by unincorporated associations etc 60 Regulations under this Part 61 Meaning of “the Commission” PART 7 GENERAL 62 Review of operation of Act 63 Power to amend references to subordinate legislation etc 64 Financial provisions 65 Interpretation etc 66 Extent 67 Commencement 68 Short title Schedule 1 — Voter identification Schedule 2 — Power to make regulations about registration, absent voting and other matters Schedule 3 — Restriction of period for which person can apply for postal vote Schedule 4 — Proxy voting: limits and transitional provision Schedule 5 — Undue influence: further provision Schedule 6 — Local elections in Northern Ireland and elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly Part 1 — Local elections in Northern Ireland Part 2 — Elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly Schedule 7 — Overseas electors Part 1 — Minor and consequential amendments Part 2 — Transitional provision Schedule 8 — Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens Part 1 — Amendments to the Representation of the People Act 1983 Part 2 — Amendments in relation to certain local elections in England and Wales Part 3 — Amendments in relation to certain elections in Northern Ireland Part 4 — Transitional provision etc Schedule 9 — Offences for purposes of Part 5 Part 1 — Common law offences Part 2 — Statutory offences Part 3 — Inchoate offences Schedule 10 — Disqualification orders: minor and consequential amendments Schedule 11 — Illegal practices Schedule 12 — Supply of information etc ELIZABETH II c. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 35 | (12) In this paragraph— “postal voting document” means a postal ballot paper, postal voting statement or other document that has been issued to a person for the purpose of enabling the person to vote by post at a relevant election; “rejected” means rejected in accordance with regulations made by virtue of this paragraph; “relevant election” means— (a) a parliamentary election in England and Wales or Scotland, or (b) a local government election in England; “relevant officer” means— (a) where a postal voting document is handed in at a polling station— (i) the person presiding at the polling station, or (ii) a clerk at the polling station; (b) where a postal voting document is handed in to the returning officer— (i) that officer, or (ii) a person acting under the authority of that officer. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 36 | (11) In this paragraph— “postal voting document” means a postal ballot paper, declaration of identity, or other document that has been issued to a person for the purpose of enabling the person to vote by post at a parliamentary election in Northern Ireland; “rejected” means rejected in accordance with regulations made by virtue of this paragraph.” 6 Limit on number of electors for whom a proxy can vote Schedule 4— (a) contains amendments limiting a person’s entitlement to vote as proxy— (i) at parliamentary elections, and (ii) at local government elections in England, (see paragraphs 6(4) and 7(2)), and (b) makes related provision about proxy voting and proxy appointments. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 37 | (5) In this section— “electoral register” has the same meaning as in section 1A; “registered” means registered in a register of parliamentary electors in pursuance of an overseas elector’s declaration.” (2) Schedule 7 contains amendments and transitional provision relating to this section. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 38 | (3E) Subsection (1)(c) does not apply to an application under this section made in pursuance of a declaration falling within subsection (2)(d) (and subsections (3D) and (8A) to (8C) are accordingly to be disregarded in relation to such an application).” (4) After subsection (8) insert— “(8A) Subsections (8B) and (8C) apply where— (a) the Commission grant an application by a party under this section, and (b) the application was accompanied by a declaration within subsection (3B)(b). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 39 | (6) In this section— “campaign expenditure” has the same meaning as it has for the purposes of Part 5 of PPERA (see section 72(2) of that Act); “the commencement date” means the date on which this section comes into force (and post-commencement, in relation to a period, means beginning on or after that date); “controlled expenditure”, “recognised third party” and “third party” have the same meaning as they have for the purposes of Part 6 of PPERA (see section 85 of that Act); “registered party” has the same meaning as in PPERA (see section 160(1) of that Act). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 40 | (8) In subsection (3)— (a) in paragraph (a), for “either” substitute “any of the following sub-paragraphs applies— (ai) during a regulated period in relation to which any limit is imposed by paragraph 3, 7, 9, 10 or 11 of Schedule 10 (periods involving parliamentary general elections or general elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly), any controlled expenditure is incurred by or on behalf of a third party in excess of £10,000;”; (b) at the end of paragraph (a)(i), for “, or” substitute “;”; (c) for paragraph (b) substitute— “(b) the third party— (i) in a case within paragraph (a)(ai) or (ii), is not a recognised third party; (ii) in a case within paragraph (a)(i), is not a recognised third party or, where the regulated period is one in relation to which any limit is imposed by paragraph 3, 7, 9, 10 or 11 of Schedule 10, is a recognised third party but is subject to the lower-tier expenditure limits.” (9) After subsection (4) insert— “(4ZA) In its application to a case within subsection (3)(a)(i) where the third party is a recognised third party that is subject to the lower-tier expenditure limits, the reference in subsection (4)(a)(i) to any person who authorised the expenditure to be incurred is to be read as a reference to the responsible person.” (10) After subsection (10) insert— “(10A) Where an offence under subsection (4) is committed in the case of a recognised third party that is subject to the lower-tier expenditure limits— (a) the third party ceases to be subject to those limits at the time the offence is committed, and (b) this Part then applies to the third party as if the notification under section 88(1) which is for the time being in force in relation to the third party did not contain a statement under section 88(3D).” (11) In section 94A of PPERA (arrangements between third parties notified to the Commission), after subsection (5) insert— “(5A) A recognised third party that is subject to the lower-tier expenditure limits may not send a notice under subsection (1).” (12) The following subsection: “( ) this section does not apply in relation to a recognised third party that is subject to the lower-tier expenditure limits.”— (a) is inserted after the provision of PPERA mentioned in the left-hand column of the following table, and (b) is inserted after that provision with the applicable number mentioned in the right-column of the table. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 41 | (B) The term “expenditure” does not include— (i) any news story, commentary, or editorial distributed through the facilities of any broadcasting station, newspaper, magazine, or other periodical publication, unless such facilities are owned or controlled by any political party, political committee, or candidate; (ii) nonpartisan activity designed to encourage individuals to vote or to register to vote; (iii) any communication by any membership organization or corporation to its members, stockholders, or executive or administrative personnel, if such membership organization or corporation is not organized primarily for the purpose of influencing the nomination for election, or election, of any individual to Federal office, except that the costs incurred by a membership organization (including a labor organization) or by a corporation directly attributable to a communication expressly advocating the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate (other than a communication primarily devoted to subjects other than the express advocacy of the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate), shall, if such costs exceed $2,000 for any election, be reported to the Commission in accordance with section 30104(a)(4)(A)(i) of this title, and in accordance with section 30104(a)(4)(A)(ii) of this title with respect to any general election; (iv) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of preparation, display, or mailing or other distribution incurred by such committee with respect to a printed slate card or sample ballot, or other printed listing, of 3 or more candidates for any public office for which an election is held in the State in which such committee is organized, except that this clause shall not apply to costs incurred by such committee with respect to a display of any such listing made on broadcasting stations, or in newspapers, magazines, or similar types of general public political advertising; (v) any payment made or obligation incurred by a corporation or a labor organization which, under section 30118(b) of this title, would not constitute an expenditure by such corporation or labor organization; (vi) any costs incurred by an authorized committee or candidate in connection with the solicitation of contributions on behalf of such candidate, except that this clause shall not apply with respect to costs incurred by an authorized committee of a candidate in excess of an amount equal to 20 percent of the expenditure limitation applicable to such candidate under section 30116(b), but all such costs shall be reported in accordance with section 30104(b); (vii) the payment of compensation for legal or accounting services— (I) rendered to or on behalf of any political committee of a political party if the person paying for such services is the regular employer of the individual rendering such services, and if such services are not attributable to activities which directly further the election of any designated candidate to Federal office; or (II) rendered to or on behalf of a candidate or political committee if the person paying for such services is the regular employer of the individual rendering such services, and if such services are solely for the purpose of ensuring compliance with this Act or chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26, but amounts paid or incurred by the regular employer for such legal or accounting services shall be reported in accordance with section 30104(b) by the committee receiving such services; (viii) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of campaign materials (such as pins, bumper stickers, handbills, brochures, posters, party tabloids, and yard signs) used by such committee in connection with volunteer activities on behalf of nominees of such party: Provided, That— (1) such payments are not for the costs of campaign materials or activities used in connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar type of general public communication or political advertising; (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or particular candidates; (ix) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of voter registration and get-out-thevote activities conducted by such committee on behalf of nominees of such party for President and Vice President: Provided, That— (1) such payments are not for the costs of campaign materials or activities used in connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar type of general public communication or political advertising; (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or candidates; and (x) payments received by a political party committee as a condition of ballot access which are transferred to another political party committee or the appropriate State official. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 42 | or the National Credit Union Administration, other than any overdraft made with respect to a checking or savings account, made in accordance with applicable law and in the ordinary course of business, but such loan— (I) shall be considered a loan by each endorser or guarantor, in that proportion of the unpaid balance that each endorser or guarantor bears to the total number of endorsers or guarantors; (II) shall be made on a basis which assures repayment, evidenced by a written instrument, and subject to a due date or amortization schedule; and (III) shall bear the usual and customary interest rate of the lending institution; (viii) any legal or accounting services rendered to or on behalf of— (I) any political committee of a political party if the person paying for such services is the regular employer of the person rendering such services and if such services are not attributable to activities which directly further the election of any designated candidate to Federal office; or (II) an authorized committee of a candidate or any other political committee, if the person paying for such services is the regular employer of the individual rendering such services and if such services are solely for the purpose of ensuring compliance with this Act or chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26, but amounts paid or incurred by the regular employer reported in accordance with section 30104(b) of this title by the committee receiving such services; (ix) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of campaign materials (such as pins, bumper stickers, handbills, brochures, posters, party tabloids, and yard signs) used by such committee in connection with volunteer activities on behalf of nominees of such party: Provided, That— (1) such payments are not for the cost of campaign materials or activities used in connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar type of general public communication or political advertising; (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or particular candidates; (x) the payment by a candidate, for nomination or election to any public office (including State or local office), or authorized committee of a candidate, of the costs of campaign materials which include information on or reference to any other candidate and which are used in connection with volunteer activities (including pins, bumper stickers, handbills, brochures, posters, and yard signs, but not including the use of broadcasting, newspapers, magazines, billboards, direct mail, or similar types of general public communication or political advertising): Provided, That such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; (xi) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of voter registration and get-out-thevote activities conducted by such committee on behalf of nominees of such party for President and Vice President: Provided, That— (1) such payments are not for the costs of campaign materials or activities used in connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar type of general public communication or political advertising; (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or candidates; (xii) payments made by a candidate or the authorized committee of a candidate as a condition of ballot access and payments received by any political party committee as a condition of ballot access; (xiii) any honorarium (within the meaning of section 441i of this title); and (xiv) any loan of money derived from an advance on a candidate’s brokerage account, credit card, home equity line of credit, or other line of credit available to the candidate, if such a loan is made in accordance with applicable law and under commercially reasonable terms and if the person making such loan makes loans derived from an advance on the candidate’s brokerage account, credit card, home equity line of credit, or other line of credit in the normal course of the person’s business. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 43 | Each report under this section shall disclose— (1) the amount of cash on hand at the beginning of the reporting period; (2) for the reporting period and calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office), the total amount of all receipts, and the total amount of all receipts in the following categories: (A) contributions from persons other than political committees; (B) for an authorized committee, contributions from the candidate; (C) contributions from political party committees; (D) contributions from other political committees; (E) for an authorized committee, transfers from other authorized committees of the same candidate; (F) transfers from affiliated committees and, where the reporting committee is a political party committee, transfers from other political party committees, regardless of whether such committees are affiliated; (G) for an authorized committee, loans made by or guaranteed by the candidate; (H) all other loans; (I) rebates, refunds, and other offsets to operating expenditures; (J) dividends, interest, and other forms of receipts; and (K) for an authorized committee of a candidate for the office of President, Federal funds received under chapter 95 and chapter 96 of title 26; (3) the identification of each— (A) person (other than a political committee) who makes a contribution to the reporting committee during the reporting period, whose contribution or contributions have an aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 within the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office), or in any lesser amount if the reporting committee should so elect, together with the date and amount of any such contribution; (B) political committee which makes a contribution to the reporting committee during the reporting period, together with the date and amount of any such contribution; (C) authorized committee which makes a transfer to the reporting committee; (D) affiliated committee which makes a transfer to the reporting committee during the reporting period and, where the reporting committee is a political party committee, each transfer of funds to the reporting committee from another political party committee, regardless of whether such committees are affiliated, together with the date and amount of such transfer; (E) person who makes a loan to the reporting committee during the reporting period, together with the identification of any endorser or guarantor of such loan, and date and amount or value of such loan; (F) person who provides a rebate, refund, or other offset to operating expenditures to the reporting committee in an aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 within the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office), together with the date and amount of such receipt; and (G) person who provides any dividend, interest, or other receipt to the reporting committee in an aggregate value or amount in excess of $200 within the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office), together with the date and amount of any such receipt; (4) for the reporting period and the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office), the total amount of all disbursements, and all disbursements in the following categories: (A) expenditures made to meet candidate or committee operating expenses; (B) for authorized committees, transfers to other committees authorized by the same candidate; (C) transfers to affiliated committees and, where the reporting committee is a political party committee, transfers to other political party committees, regardless of whether they are affiliated; (D) for an authorized committee, repayment of loans made by or guaranteed by the candidate; (E) repayment of all other loans; (F) contribution refunds and other offsets to contributions; (G) for an authorized committee, any other disbursements; (H) for any political committee other than an authorized committee— (i) contributions made to other political committees; (ii) loans made by the reporting committees; (iii) independent expenditures; (iv) expenditures made under section 30116(d) of this title; and (v) any other disbursements; and (I) for an authorized committee of a candidate for the office of President, disbursements not subject to the limitation of section 30116(b) of this title; (5) the name and address of each— (A) person to whom an expenditure in an aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 within the calendar year is made by the reporting committee to meet a candidate or committee operating expense, together with the date, amount, and purpose of such operating expenditure; (B) authorized committee to which a transfer is made by the reporting committee; (C) affiliated committee to which a transfer is made by the reporting committee during the reporting period and, where the reporting committee is a political party committee, each transfer of funds by the reporting committee to another political party committee, regardless of whether such committees are affiliated, together with the date and amount of such transfers; (D) person who receives a loan repayment from the reporting committee during the reporting period, together with the date and amount of such loan repayment; and (E) person who receives a contribution refund or other offset to contributions from the reporting committee where such contribution was reported under paragraph (3)(A) of this subsection, together with the date and amount of such disbursement; (6) (A) for an authorized committee, the name and address of each person who has received any disbursement not disclosed under paragraph (5) in an aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 within the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office), together with the date and amount of any such disbursement; (B) for any other political committee, the name and address of each— (i) political committee which has received a contribution from the reporting committee during the reporting period, together with the date and amount or any such contribution; (ii) person who has received a loan from the reporting committee during the reporting period, together with the date and amount of such loan; (iii) person who receives any disbursement during the reporting period in an aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 within the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office) in connection with an independent expenditure by the reporting committee, together with the date, amount, and purpose of any such independent expenditure and a statement which indicates whether such independent expenditure is in support of, or in opposition to, a candidate, as well as the name and office sought by such candidate, and a certification, under penalty of perjury, whether such independent expenditure is made in cooperation, consultation, or concert, with, or at the request or suggestion of, any candidate or any authorized committee or agent of such committee; (iv) person who receives any expenditure from the reporting committee during the reporting period in connection with an expenditure under section 30116(d) of this title, together with the date, amount, and purpose of any such expenditure as well as the name of, and office sought by, the candidate on whose behalf the expenditure is made; and (v) person who has received any disbursement not otherwise disclosed in this paragraph or paragraph (5) in an aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 within the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office) from the reporting committee within the reporting period, together with the date, amount, and purpose of any such disbursement; (7) the total sum of all contributions to such political committee, together with the total contributions less offsets to contributions and the total sum of all operating expenditures made by such political committee, together with total operating expenditures less offsets to operating expenditures, for both the reporting period and the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office); and (8) the amount and nature of outstanding debts and obligations owed by or to such political committee; and where such debts and obligations are settled for less than their reported amount or value, a statement as to the circumstances and conditions under which such debts or obligations were extinguished and the consideration therefor. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 44 | The term ‘electioneering communication’ does not include— (i) a communication appearing in a news story, commentary, or editorial distributed through the facilities of any broadcasting station, unless such facilities are owned or controlled by any political party, political committee, or candidate; (ii) a communication which constitutes an expenditure or an independent expenditure under this Act; (iii) a communication which constitutes a candidate debate or forum conducted pursuant to regulations adopted by the Commission, or which solely promotes such a debate or forum and is made by or on behalf of the person sponsoring the debate or forum; or (iv) any other communication exempted under such regulations as the Commission may promulgate (consistent with the requirements of this paragraph) to ensure the appropriate implementation of this paragraph, except that under any such regulation a communication may not be exempted if it meets the requirements of this paragraph and is described in section 30101(20)(A)(iii) of this title. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 45 | The Secretary or the Commission shall exclude these lists from the public record; (5) keep such designations, reports, and statements for a period of 10 years from the date of receipt, except that designations, reports, and statements that relate solely to candidates for the House of Representatives shall be kept for 5 years from the date of their receipt; (6) (A) compile and maintain a cumulative index of designations, reports, and statements filed under this Act, which index shall be published at regular intervals and made available for purchase directly or by mail; (B) compile, maintain, and revise a separate cumulative index of reports and statements filed by multicandidate committees, including in such index a list of multicandidate committees; and (C) compile and maintain a list of multicandidate committees, which shall be revised and made available monthly; (7) prepare and publish periodically lists of authorized committees which fail to file reports as required by this Act; § 30111 (8) prescribe rules, regulations, and forms to carry out the provisions of this Act, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (d) of this section; and (9) transmit to the President and to each House of the Congress no later than June 1 of each year, a report which states in detail the activities of the Commission in carrying out its duties under this Act, and any recommendations for any legislative or other action the Commission considers appropriate; (b) Audits and field investigations. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 46 | Under such regulations, the Commission— (A) may, notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), provide for quarterly filing of the schedule described in paragraph (1) by a committee which files reports under this section more frequently than on a quarterly basis; (B) shall provide guidance to committees with respect to whether a person is reasonably known by a committee to be a person described in paragraph (7), which shall include a requirement that committees consult the websites maintained by the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives containing information filed pursuant to the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995; (C) may not exempt the activity of a person described in paragraph (7) from disclosure under this subsection on the grounds that the person is authorized to engage in fundraising for the committee or any other similar grounds; and (D) shall provide for the broadest possible disclosure of activities described in this subsection by persons described in paragraph (7) that is consistent with this subsection. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 47 | The Commission has the power— (1) to require by special or general orders, any person to submit, under oath, such written reports and answers to questions as the Commission may prescribe; (2) to administer oaths or affirmations; (3) to require by subpoena, signed by the chairman or the vice chairman, the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of all documentary evidence relating to the execution of its duties; (4) in any proceeding or investigation, to order testimony to be taken by deposition before any person who is designated by the Commission and has the power to administer oaths and, in such instances, to compel testimony and the production of evidence in the same manner as authorized under paragraph (3); (5) to pay witnesses the same fees and mileage as are paid in like circumstances in the courts of the United States; (6) to initiate (through civil actions for injunctive, declaratory, or other appropriate relief), defend (in the case of any civil action brought under section 30109(a)(8) of this title) or appeal any civil action in the name of the Commission to enforce the provisions of this Act and chapter 95 and chapter 96 of title 26, through its general counsel; (7) to render advisory opinions under section 30108 of this ti- tle; (8) to develop such prescribed forms and to make, amend, and repeal such rules, pursuant to the provisions of chapter 5 of title 5, § 30107 United States Code, as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act and chapter 95 and chapter 96 of title 26; and (9) to conduct investigations and hearings expeditiously, to encourage voluntary compliance, and to report apparent violations to the appropriate law enforcement authorities. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 48 | On or after the date on which a political party nominates a candidate, no committee of the political party may make— (i) any coordinated expenditure under this subsection with respect to the candidate during the election cycle at any time after it makes any independent expenditure (as defined in section 30101(17) of this title with respect to the candidate during the election cycle; or (ii) any independent expenditure (as defined in section 30101(17) of this title with respect to the candidate during the election cycle at any time after it makes any coordinated expenditure under this subsection with respect to the candidate during the election cycle. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 49 | For purposes of this section, the term ‘applicable electioneering communication’ means an electioneering communication (within the meaning of section 30104(f)(3) of this title) which is made by any entity described in subsection (a) of this section or by any other person using funds donated by an entity described in subsection (a) of this section. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 50 | Notwithstanding clause (i) or (ii) of section 30101(20)(A) of this title, and subject to subparagraph (B), paragraph (1) shall not apply to any amount expended or disbursed by a State, district, or local committee of a political party for an activity described in either such clause to the extent the amounts expended or disbursed for such activity are allocated (under regulations prescribed by the Commission) among amounts— (i) which consist solely of contributions subject to the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements of this Act (other than amounts described in subparagraph (B)(iii)); and (ii) other amounts which are not subject to the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements of this Act (other than any requirements of this subsection). VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 51 | (2) Statements required to be filed by this subsection shall be filed in accordance with subsection (a)(2) of this section, and shall include— (A) the information required by subsection (b)(6)(B)(iii) of this section, indicating whether the independent expenditure is in support of, or in opposition to, the candidate involved; (B) under penalty of perjury, a certification whether or not such independent expenditure is made in cooperation, consultation, or concert, with, or at the request or suggestion of, any candidate or any authorized committee or agent of such candidate; and (C) the identification of each person who made a contribution in excess of $200 to the person filing such statement which was made for the purpose of furthering an independent expenditure. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 52 | In addition to any other reporting requirements applicable under this Act, a political committee (not described in paragraph (1)) to which section 30125(b)(1) of this title applies shall report all receipts and disbursements made for activities described in section 30101(20)(A) of this title unless the aggregate amount of such receipts and disbursements during the calendar year is less than $5,000. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 53 | Except as provided in section 30109(a)(8) of this title, the power of the Commission to initiate civil actions under subsection (a)(6) of this section shall be the exclusive civil remedy for the enforcement of the provisions of this Act. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 54 | (iv) In this subparagraph, the term ‘qualified disclosure requirement’ means any requirement of— (I) subsections (a), (c), (e), (f), (g), or (i) of section 30104 of this title; or (II) section 30105 of this title. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 55 | Before taking any action under subsection (a) of this section against any person who has failed to file a report required under section 30104(a)(2)(A)(iii) of this title for the calendar quarter immediately preceding the election involved, or in accordance with section 30104(a)(2)(A)(i) of this title, the Commission shall notify the person of such failure to file the required reports. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 56 | (2) In any criminal action brought for a violation of any provision of this Act or of chapter 95 or chapter 96 of this title 26, any defendant may evidence their lack of knowledge or intent to commit the alleged violation by introducing as evidence a conciliation agreement entered into between the defendant and the Commission under subsection (a)(4)(A) of this section which specifically deals with the act or failure to act constituting such violation and which is still in effect. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 57 | The Commission shall— (1) prescribe forms necessary to implement this Act; (2) prepare, publish, and furnish to all persons required to file reports and statements under this Act a manual recommending uniform methods of bookkeeping and reporting; (3) develop a filing, coding, and cross-indexing system consistent with the purposes of this Act. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 58 | (1) Before prescribing any rule, regulation, or form under this section or any other provision of this Act, the Commission shall transmit a statement with respect to such rule, regulation, or form to the Senate and the House of Representatives, in accordance with this subsection. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 59 | (5) For purposes of the limitations provided by paragraph (1) and paragraph (2), all contributions made by political committees established or financed or maintained or controlled by any corporation, labor organization, or any other person, including any parent, subsidiary, branch, division, department, or local unit of such corporation, labor organization, or any other person, or by any group of such persons, shall be considered to have been made by a single political committee, except that (A) nothing in this sentence shall limit transfers between political committees of funds raised through joint fundraising efforts; (B) for purposes of the limitations provided by paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) all contributions made by a single political committee established or financed or maintained or controlled by a national committee of a political party and by a single political committee established or financed or maintained or controlled by the State committee of a political party shall not be considered to have been made by a single political committee; and (C) nothing in this section shall limit the transfer of funds between the principal campaign committee of a candidate seeking nomination or election to a Federal office and the principal campaign committee of that candidate for nomination or election to another Federal office if (i) such transfer is not made when the candidate is actively seeking nomination or election to both such offices; (ii) the limitations contained in this Act on contributions by persons are not exceeded by such transfer; and (iii) the candidate has not elected to receive any funds under chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 60 | (2) For purposes of this section and section 79l(h) of title 15,23 the term “contribution or expenditure” includes a contribution or expenditure, as those terms are defined in section 30101 of this title, and also includes any direct or indirect payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit, or gift of money, or any services, or anything of value (except a loan of money by a national or State bank made in accordance with the applicable banking laws and regulations and in the ordinary course of business) to any candidate, campaign committee, or political party or organization, in connection with any election to any of the offices referred to in this section or for any applicable electioneering communication,but shall not include (A) communications by a corporation to its stockholders and executive or administrative personnel and their families or by a labor organization to its members and their families on any subject; (B) nonpartisan registration and get-out-the-vote campaigns by a corporation aimed at its stockholders and executive or administrative personnel and their families, or by a labor organization aimed at its members and their families; and (C) the establishment, administration, and solicitation of contributions to a separate segregated fund to be utilized for political purposes by a corporation, labor organization, membership organization, cooperative, or corporation without capital stock. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 61 | 1 Sub-region in this case and hereinafter means an administrative unit, which is smaller than a region but bigger than a city. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 62 | Chairperson of regional, sub-regional, city election commissions shall be elected from the members of this commission at the meeting of the election commission upon the proposal of the relevant local Kengash. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 63 | The district, city (with the exception of the Tashkent city election commission) election commission shall also exercise the powers of the district election commission provided for in Articles 22, 23, 31, 32, 59, 60 and 95 of this Code. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 64 | The members of commission who disagree with the decision have the right to express their separate opinion, and this opinion shall be attached to the protocol in written form. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 65 | Signatures collected before this date shall not be counted. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 66 | In this case, the Central Election Commission refuses a political party the right to register a candidate for President of the Republic of Uzbekistan or to participate in the election of deputies to the Legislative Chamber. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 67 | Candidate can disqualify his/her proxies’ powers at any time and replace with another, notifying about this the relevant election commission. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 68 | A precinct election commission, formed at the diplomatic and other representation of the Republic of Uzbekistan in a foreign state, makes a decision on the time and place of voting at the place of residence of voters and informs voters and observers about this through the media. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 69 | Upon submission of the documents specified in the first part of this Article, the Central Election Commission shall issue to the authorized representative of a political party a certificate with the date and time of receipt of documents. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 70 | In this case, a political party may collect not more than eight percent of the total number of signatures in one administrative-territorial unit (the Republic of Karakalpakstan, region, Tashkent city). General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 71 | In this case, the district election commission shall be formed for twenty-five days, and the precinct — for fifteen days before the election. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 72 | After submission of the documents specified in the first part of this article, the respective region, sub-region and city election commission shall issue to the authorized representative of a political party the certificate with indication of the date and time of receipt of documents. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 73 | In this case, the district election commission is formed for twenty-five days, and the precinct for fifteen days before the election. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 74 | A copy of this protocol shall be immediately posted in the premises of the district election commission for general familiarization for a period of not less than forty-eight hours. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 75 | Determination of the results of elections in the district to the district, city (except for the city of Tashkent) Kengashes of People's Deputies is carried out by the district, city election commission in the manner prescribed by this article. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 76 | Information about this shall be published on the official website of the Central Election Commission, as well as, if necessary, in other sources. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 77 | Consideration procedure of individuals’ and legal entities’ appeals by election commissions Election commissions are obliged, within their competence, to consider appeals from individuals and legal entities received by them during the election campaign on violation of the requirements of this Code or on other issues of organizing elections, with the exception of complaints about the actions and decisions of election commissions, carry out checks on these applications and give written answers within three days, and immediately upon applications received less than six days before elections or on voting day. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 78 | Part V Powers of the Parliament Section 51 [Legislative Competencies] The Parliament shall, subject to this Constitution, have power to make laws for the peace, order and good government of the Commonwealth with respect to: (i) Trade and commerce with other countries, and among the States; (ii) Taxation; but so as not to discriminate between States or parts of States; (iii) Bounties on the production or export of goods, but so that such bounties shall be uniform throughout the Commonwealth; (iv) Borrowing money on the public credit of the Commonwealth; (v) Postal, telegraphic, telephonic, and other like services; (vi) The naval and military defence of the Commonwealth and of the several States, and the control of the forces to execute and maintain the laws of the Commonwealth; (vii) Lighthouses, lightships, beacons and buoys; (viii) Astronomical and meteorological observations; (ix) Quarantine; (x) Fisheries in Australian waters beyond territorial limits; (xi) Census and statistics; (xii) Currency, coinage, and legal tender; (xiii) Banking, other than State banking; also State banking extending beyond the limits of the State concerned, the incorporation of banks, and the issue of paper money; (xiv) Insurance, other than State insurance; also State insurance extending beyond the limits of the State concerned; (xv) Weights and measures; (xvi) Bills of exchange and promissory notes; (xvii) Bankruptcy and insolvency; (xviii) Copyrights, patents of inventions and designs, and trade marks; (xiv) Naturalization and aliens; (xx) Foreign corporations, and trading or financial corporations formed within the limits of the Commonwealth; (xxi) Marriage; (xxii) Divorce and matrimonial causes; and in relation thereto, parental rights, and the custody and guardianship of infants; (xviii) Invalid and old age pensions; (xxiiiA) The provision of maternity allowances, widows' pensions, child endowment, unemployment, pharmaceutical, sickness and hospital benefits, medical and dental services (but not so as to authorize any form of civil conscription), benefits to students and family allowances; (xxiv) The service and execution throughout the Commonwealth of the civil and criminal process and the judgments of the courts of the States; (xxv) The recognition throughout the Commonwealth of the laws, the public Acts and records, and the judicial proceedings of the States; (xxvi) The people of any race for whom it is deemed necessary to make special laws; (xxvii) Immigration and emigration; (xxviii) The influx of criminals; (xxix) External affairs; (xxx) The relations of the Commonwealth with the islands of the Pacific; (xxxi) The acquisition of property on just terms from any State or person for any purpose in respect of which the Parliament has power to make laws; (xxxii) The control of railways with respect to transport for the naval and military purposes of the Commonwealth; (xxxiii) The acquisition, with the consent of a State, of any railways of the State on terms arranged between the Commonwealth and the State; (xxxiv) Railway construction and extension in any State with the consent of that State; (xxxv) Conciliation and arbitration for the prevention and settlement of industrial disputes extending beyond the limits of any one State; (xxxvi) Matters in respect of which this Constitution makes provision until the Parliament otherwise provides; (xxxvii) Matters referred to the Parliament of the Commonwealth by the Parliament or Parliaments of any State or States, but so that the law shall extend only to States by whose Parliaments the matter is referred, or which afterwards adopt the law; (xxxviii) The exercise within the Commonwealth, at the request or with the concurrence of the Parliaments of all the States directly concerned, of any power which can at the establishment of this Constitution be exercised only by the Parliament of the United Kingdom or by the Federal Council of Australasia; (xxxix) Matters incidental to the execution of any power vested by this Constitution in the Parliament or in either House thereof, or in the Government of the Commonwealth, or in the Federal judicature, or in any department or officer of the Commonwealth. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 79 | Section 52 [Exclusive Powers] The Parliament shall, subject to this constitution, have exclusive power to make laws for the peace, order, and good government of the Commonwealth with respect to (i) The seat of government of the Commonwealth, and all places acquired by the Commonwealth for public purposes: (ii) Matters relating to any department of the public service the control of which is by this constitution transferred to the Executive Government of the Commonwealth: (iii) Other matters declared by this Constitution to be within the exclusive power of the Parliament. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 80 | (3) Except as provided in this section, this Constitution shall not impair any right which the Queen may be pleased to exercise by virtue of Her Royal prerogative to grant special leave of appeal from the High Court to Her Majesty in Council. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 81 | (6) The powers conferred by this section shall not be construed as being limited in any way by the provisions of Section 105 of this Constitution. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 82 | (6) In this section "Territory" means any territory referred to in Section 122 of this Constitution in respect of which there is a law in force allowing its representation in the House of Representatives. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 83 | Constitution Chapter I The Parliament Part I General Section 1 [Federal Parliament] The legislative power of the Commonwealth shall be vested in a Federal Parliament, which shall consist of the Queen, a Senate, and a House of Representatives, and which is hereinafter called "The Parliament", or "The Parliament of the Commonwealth." Section 2 [Governor-General] A Governor General appointed by the Queen shall be Her Majesty's representative in the Commonwealth, and shall have and may exercise in the Commonwealth during the Queen's pleasure, but subject to this Constitution, such powers and functions of the Queen as Her Majesty may be pleased to assign to him. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 84 | Section 4 [Other Offices] The provisions of this Constitution relating to the Governor General extend and apply to the Governor General for the time being, or such person as the Queen may appoint to administer the Government of the Commonwealth; but no such person shall be entitled to receive any salary from the Commonwealth in respect of any other office during his administration of the Government of the Commonwealth. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 85 | Section 8 [Electors of Senators] The qualification of electors of senators shall be in each State that which is prescribed by this Constitution, or by the Parliament, as the qualification for electors of members of the House of Representatives; but in the choosing of senators each elector shall vote only once. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 86 | Section 10 [State Methods] Until the Parliament otherwise provides, but subject to this Constitution, the laws in force in each State, for the time being, relating to elections for the more numerous House of the Parliament of the State shall, as nearly as practicable, apply to elections of senators for the State. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 87 | (3) For the purposes of this section the term of service of a senator shall be taken to begin on the first day of July following the day of his election, except in the cases of the first election and of the election next after any dissolution of the Senate, when it shall be taken to begin on the first day of July preceding the day of his election. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 88 | (2) Where a vacancy has at any time occurred in the place of a senator chosen by the people of a State and at the time when he was so chosen, he was publicly recognized by a particular political party as being an endorsed candidate of that party and publicly represented himself to be such a candidate, a person chosen or appointed under this section in consequence of that vacancy, or in consequence of that vacancy and a subsequent vacancy or vacancies, shall, unless there is no member of that party available to be chosen or appointed, be a member of that party. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 89 | (3) Where (a) in accordance with the last preceding paragraph, a member of a particular political party is chosen or appointed to hold the place of a senator whose place had become vacant; and (b) before taking his seat he ceases to be a member of that party (otherwise than by reason of the party having ceased to exist), he shall he deemed not to have been so chosen or appointed and the vacancy shall be again notified in accordance with Section 21 of this Constitution. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 90 | (4) The name of any senator chosen or appointed under this section shall be certified by the Governor of the State to the Governor General. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 91 | (5) If the place of a senator chosen by the people of a State at the election of senators last held before the commencement of the Constitution Alteration (Senate Casual] Vacancies) 1977 became vacant before that commencement and, at the commencement, no person chosen by the House or Houses of Parliament of the State, or appointed by the Governor of the State, in consequence of that vacancy or in consequence of that vacancy and a subsequent vacancy or vacancies, held office, this section applies as if the place of the senator chosen by the people of the State had become vacant after that commencement. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 92 | (6) A senator holding office at the commencement of the Constitution Alteration (Senate Casual Vacancies) 1977, being a senator appointed by the Governor of a State in consequence of a vacancy that had at any time occurred in the place of a senator chosen by the people of the State, shall be deemed to have been appointed to hold the place until the expiration of fourteen days after the beginning of the next session of the Parliament of the State that commenced or commences after he was appointed and further action under this section shall be taken as if the vacancy in the place of the senator chosen by the people of the State had occurred after that commencement. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 93 | (3) But notwithstanding anything in this section, five members at least shall be chosen in each Original State. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 94 | Section 27 [Changing Number of Representatives] Subject to this Constitution, the Parliament may make laws for increasing or diminishing the number of the members of the House of Representatives. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 95 | Section 31 [Electoral Method] Until the Parliament otherwise provides, but subject to this Constitution, the laws in force in each State for the time being relating to elections for the more numerous House of the Parliament of the State shall, as nearly as practicable, apply to elections in the State of members of the House of Representatives. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 96 | Section 42 [Oath or Affirmation of Allegiance] Every senator and every member of the House of Representatives shall before taking his seat make and subscribe before the Governor General, or some person authorized by him, an oath or affirmation of allegiance in the form set forth in the schedule to this Constitution. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 97 | Section 46 [Punishment] Until the Parliament otherwise provides, any person declared by this Constitution to be incapable of sitting as a senator or as a member of the House of Representatives shall, for every day on which he so sits, be liable to pay the sum of one hundred pound to any person who sues for it in any court of competent jurisdiction. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 98 | Advertisements indicating an intention to discriminate in this way are also illegal. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 99 | (1) If a police officer fails to comply with this provision, he or she can be disciplined and the courts may reject any evidence so obtained. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 100 | Section 18 Freedom of Religion Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 101 | Section 19 Freedom of Expression Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 102 | Cinemas are licensed by local government authorities, which have a legal duty to prohibit the admission of children under 16 to unsuitable films, and may prevent the showing of any film, although this particular power is hardly ever exercised. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 103 | (3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 104 | (2) this right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 105 | (11) Under the Abortion Act 1967, as amended in 1990, a pregnancy may only be terminated if two registered doctors consider that this step is justified in terms of one or more of the grounds specified in the Act. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 106 | In practice, however, Parliament does not assert its supremacy in this way. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 107 | The House of Commons is directly responsible to the electorate, and in this century the House of Lords has recognized the supremacy of the elected chamber. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 108 | (5) A Parliament has a maximum duration of five years, but in practice general elections are usually held before the end of this term. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 109 | (2) A draft law is given a first reading in the House of Commons without debate; this is followed by a thorough debate on general principles at second reading. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 110 | In practice this is a formality. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 111 | But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President when this Article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 112 | Article V [Amendment Proceedings] Article V [Amendment Proceedings] The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 113 | Article VI [Constitutional Status] (1) All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 114 | United States – Constitution • Preamble • Article I [Legislature] • Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] • Section 2 [House of Representatives] • Section 3 [Senate] • Section 4 [Elections of Senators and Representatives] • Section 5 [Rules of House and Senate] • Section 6 [Compensation and Privileges] • Section 7 [Bills] • Section 8 [Legislative Power] • Section 9 [Limits on Legislative Power] • Section 10 [Limits on States] • Article II [Presidency] • Section 1 [Election, Removal] • Section 2 [Presidential Powers] • Section 3 [Presidential Rights and Duties] • Section 4 [Impeachment] • Article III [Judiciary] • Section 1 [Judicial Power] • Section 2 [Scope of Judicial Power] • Section 3 [Treason] • Article IV [States] • Section 1 [Faith and Credit] • Section 2 [Privileges and Immunities, Extradiction, Fugitive Slaves] • Section 3 [Admission of States] • Section 4 [Guarantees to States] • Article V [Amendment Proceedings] • Article V [Amendment Proceedings] • Article VI [Constitutional Status] • Article VII [Ratification] { Adopted on: 17 Sep 1787 } { Effective since: 4 March 1789 } { ICL Document Status: 1994 } Preamble We, the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 115 | (3) Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 116 | and with the Indian Tribes; (4) To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; (5) To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; (6) To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States; (7) To Establish Post Offices and Post Roads; (8) To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries; (9) To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; (10) To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offenses against the Law of Nations; (11) To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; (12) To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years; (13) To provide and maintain a Navy; (14) To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces; (15) To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; (16) To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; (17) To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings; - And (18) To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 117 | But in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States the Representation from each State having one Vote; A quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 118 | (5) No person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 119 | Section 2 [Scope of Judicial Power] (1) The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority; - to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls; - to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction; - to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party; - to Controversies between two or more States; - between a State and Citizens of another State; - between Citizens of different States, - between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under the Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 120 | Section 3 [Admission of States] (1) New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 121 | (2) The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 122 | Section 4 [Guarantees to States] The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 123 | (2) this Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 124 | (3) The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 125 | Article VII [Ratification] The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 126 | But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 127 | Section 2 [Congressional Power] Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 128 | Section 5 [Congressional Power] The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 129 | Section 2 [Congressional Power] The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 130 | (3) this amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 131 | The provisions of Article 1 of this Constitution and the second part of this article shall not be subject to revision. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 132 | None of the provisions of the present Constitution may be interpreted in a way detrimental to the rights and interests of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the basic principles and norms stipulated in section one of this Constitution. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 133 | The Republic of Uzbekistan shall recognize and guarantee human rights and freedoms in accordance with the generally recognized norms of international law and in accordance with this Constitution. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 134 | They may exercise this right by way of self-government, referendums and democratic formation of state bodies, as well as public control over activities of state bodies. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 135 | The state and society shall ensure the maintenance, upbringing, education, and healthy, full and harmonious development of orphans and children deprived of the guardianship of their parents, and encourage charitable activities to this end. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 136 | The Speaker of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall: 1) convoke sittings of the Legislative Chamber, preside at them; 2) exercise the general direction over a preliminary review of matters to be submitted for consideration by the Legislative Chamber; 3) coordinate the work of the committees and commissions of the Legislative Chamber; 4) organize the control over the implementation of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan and resolutions of the Legislative Chamber; 5) direct the work on antiparliamentary relations and the activity of the groups of the Legislative Chamber connected with the work of international parliamentary organizations; 6) represent the Legislative Chamber in interrelation with the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, other state bodies, foreign states, international and other organizations; 7) sign resolutions of the Legislative Chamber; 8) exercise other powers provided for by this Constitution and legislative acts. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 137 | The Chairperson of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall: 1) convoke sittings of the Senate, preside at them; 2) exercise the general direction over a preliminary review of matters to be submitted for consideration by the Senate; 3) coordinate the work of the committees and commissions of the Senate; 4) organize the control over the implementation of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan and resolutions of the Senate; 5) direct the work on interparliamentary relations and the activity of the groups of the Senate connected with the work of international parliamentary organizations; 6) represent the Senate in interrelation with the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, other state bodies, foreign states, international and other organizations; 7) sign resolutions of the Senate; 8) exercise other powers provided for by this Constitution and legislative acts. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 138 | The Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall: 1) take responsibility for the conduct of effective economic, social, financial, money and credit policies; the development and realization of programs on development of science, culture, education, healthcare and other areas of economy and social sphere; 2) take measures to ensure sustainable economic growth, macroeconomic stability, poverty reduction, creation of decent living conditions for the population, food security, creation of a favorable investment climate, integrated and sustainable development of territories; 3) ensure the effective functioning of the system of social protection of the population, including persons with disabilities; 4) ensure the implementation of a unified state policy in the field of environmental protection, conservation of natural wealth and biological diversity, combating climate change, epidemics, pandemics, mitigating their consequences; 5) ensure the implementation of the state youth policy, takes measures to support, strengthen and protect the family, preserve traditional family values; 6) take measures to support the institutions of civil society, ensure their participation in the development and implementation of programs for socio-economic development and social partnership; 7) take measures to protect economic, social and other rights and legitimate interests of citizens; 8) ensure the implementation of the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, decisions of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis, decrees, resolutions and orders of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 9) coordinate and directs the work of executive authorities, exercises control over their activities in the manner prescribed by law; 10) take measures to ensure openness and transparency, legality and efficiency in the work of executive authorities, countering corruption in their activities, improving the quality and accessibility of public services; 11) represent the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan annual report on the most important issues of the socio-economic life of the country; 12) exercise other powers provided for by this Constitution and laws. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 139 | The authority of the Kengashes of people’s deputies shall include: 1) consideration and adoption of relevant local budgets, control over their execution; 2) approval of programs for the socio-economic development of territories and social protection of the population; 3) approval of the khokim to office, hearing reports about its activities; 4) exercise of other powers provided for by this Constitution and laws. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 140 | The powers of khokims of regions, districts, cities shall include: 1) execution of the Constitution and the laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan and decisions of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis, decrees, resolutions and orders of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, decisions of the Cabinet of Ministers, higher khokims and relevant Kengashes of people’s deputies; 2) implementation of measures aimed at ensuring the economic, social, cultural and environmental development of the territories; 3) formation and execution of the local budget; 4) exercise of other powers provided for by this Constitution and laws. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
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