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| 1 | Electoral law, as a scholarly discipline in Australia, is only beginning to emerge from a Cinderella state.2 In this article, we describe the key issues and themes in Australian electoral law, largely in respect to the uniform national (that is, federal) electoral law, but also, where relevant, to the law that applies to state and territory elections. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 2 | But Sue v Hill raises other constitutional issues.18 For example, if the disputed returns power is judicial, attempts by states to oust all appeal rights from state Courts of Disputed Returns may be unconstitutional. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 3 | Although less restrictive than in the United States (where felons can suffer disenfranchisement for life), the temporary federal disenfranchisement of prisoners serving sentences in excess of 5 years and those serving just 1 year in several state elections robs thousands of otherwise voiceless citizens of their political birthright. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 4 | In reality, they are not free-standing entities, but merely manifestations of each state Supreme Court, and, at federal level, the High Court. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 5 | However, as Malcolm Mackerras argues, the Senate voting system is really only “semi-proportional” since minor parties must poll a significant primary vote to achieve the 14% quota for a normal half-Senate election, and usually only one seat per state is “up for grabs.” Increasing the number of Senators to be returned would decrease the quota, and in the long-run favor minor parties. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 6 | Uniformity of disclosure laws across all federal and state jurisdictions would be highly desirable. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 7 | This allows electors in a mobile community to vote easily anywhere in their constituency, or indeed throughout their state or territory by means of an “absentee” ballot on polling day. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 8 | PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement After section 4 of PPERA insert— “Strategy and policy statement 4A Strategy and policy statement (1) The Secretary of state may designate a statement for the purposes of this section if the requirements set out in section 4C (consultation and procedural requirements) are satisfied. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 9 | (4) Where the Secretary of state revises the statement under subsection (1)— (a) the Secretary of state must designate the revised statement under section 4A(1), and (b) subject to subsection (5), sections 4A(2) to (7) and 4C apply to the revised statement and its designation in accordance with paragraph (a) as they apply to the original statement. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 10 | (2) In rule 6 (nomination of candidates), for paragraph (2A) substitute— “(2A) If a candidate— (a) commonly uses a surname that is different from any other surname the candidate has, (b) commonly uses a forename that is different from any other forename the candidate has, or (c) otherwise commonly uses one or more forenames or a surname in a different way from the way in which the candidate’s names are stated in accordance with paragraph (2)(a) (for example, where the commonly used names are in a different order from the names as so stated, include only some of those names, or include additional names), the nomination paper may state the commonly used name or names in addition to the names as stated in accordance with paragraph (2)(a).” (3) In rule 14 (publication of statement of persons nominated), in paragraph (2A)— (a) for “in addition to another name” substitute “in accordance with rule 6(2A)”; (b) for “any other name” substitute “the other surname or forename”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 11 | (4) If, after complying with subsection (3), the Secretary of state proposes to designate the statement, the Secretary of state must lay before Parliament a document that— (a) explains the Secretary of State’s proposals, (b) sets them out in the form of a draft statement, and (c) contains the report prepared under subsection (3)(b). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 12 | (7) If, after the end of the 60-day period, the Secretary of state wishes to proceed with designating the statement, the Secretary of state must lay before Parliament— (a) the draft statement (incorporating any changes made in light of any representations made as mentioned in subsection (6)), and (b) a report containing the Secretary of State’s response to any such representations. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 13 | 4D 5-yearly review and designation of statement (1) The Secretary of state must review a statement designated under section 4A if a period of 5 years has elapsed since— (a) the time when the statement was first designated under section 4A, or (b) if later, the time when the statement was last designated under that section by virtue of this section or section 4E. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 14 | (2) But where— (a) the statement was last designated by virtue of section 4E, and (b) the case was one in which the Secretary of state made a determination under section 4E(5) (disapplication of consultation and other pre-designation requirements on revision of statement), the designation of the statement in that case is to be ignored in determining for the purposes of subsection (1)(b) when the statement was last designated. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 15 | (4) After reviewing the statement, the Secretary of state may— (a) revise the statement, (b) leave the statement as it is, or (c) withdraw the statement’s designation under section 4A. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 16 | (5) Where the Secretary of state proceeds under subsection (4)(a) or (b)— (a) the Secretary of state must designate the statement (whether or not revised) under section 4A(1); (b) if the statement is not designated before the end of the review period, the designation of the statement (in the form reviewed under subsection (1)) is treated as withdrawn at the end of that period. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 17 | (2) The power under subsection (1) may be exercised— (a) on the Secretary of State’s own initiative, (b) at the request of the Commission, where the request— (i) is made by notice given to the Secretary of state and the Speaker’s Committee, and (ii) gives details of the changes to the statement that the Commission propose should be made, or (c) at the request of the Speaker’s Committee, where the request— (i) is made by notice given to the Secretary of State, and (ii) gives details of the changes to the statement that the Speaker’s Committee propose should be made. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 18 | 7 In rule 5 (nomination of candidates), for paragraph (2A) substitute— “(2A) If a candidate— (a) commonly uses a surname that is different from any other surname the candidate has, (b) commonly uses a forename that is different from any other forename the candidate has, or (c) otherwise commonly uses one or more forenames or a surname in a different way from the way in which the candidate’s names are stated in accordance with paragraph (2)(a) (for example, where the commonly used names are in a different order from the names as so stated, include only some of those names, or include additional names), the nomination paper may state the commonly used name or names in addition to the names as stated in accordance with paragraph (2)(a).” 8 In rule 12 (publication of statement of persons nominated), in paragraph (2A)— (a) for “in addition to another name” substitute “in accordance with rule 5(2A)”; (b) for “any other name” substitute “the other surname or forename”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 19 | (3) After the Secretary of state has carried out the consultation required by subsection (2), the Secretary of State— (a) must make whatever changes to the draft the Secretary of state considers necessary in light of responses to the consultation, and (b) must prepare a report containing the Secretary of State’s response to the consultation. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 20 | (9) When laying the revised statement before Parliament in accordance with section 4C(7)(a), the Secretary of state must also lay before Parliament a statement of the Secretary of State’s reasons for the determination. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 21 | (2) In rule 6 (nomination of candidates)— (a) in paragraph (5)(b), for the words from “state” to the end substitute “— (i) where the candidate’s home address is in the United Kingdom, state the constituency or the relevant area within which that address is situated; (ii) where the candidate’s home address is outside the United Kingdom, state the country within which that address is situated.”; (b) after paragraph (5) insert— “(6) In paragraph (5)(b)(i), “relevant area” means— (a) in relation to a home address in England— (i) if the address is within a district for which there is a district council, that district; (ii) if the address is within a county in which there are no districts with councils, that county; (iii) if the address is within a London borough, that London borough; (iv) if the address is within the City of London (including the Inner and Middle Temples), the City of London; (v) if the address is within the Isles of Scilly, the Isles of Scilly; (b) in relation to a home address in Wales— (i) if the address is within a county, that county; (ii) if the address is within a county borough, that county borough; (c) in relation to a home address in Scotland, the local government area in which the address is situated; (d) in relation to a home address in Northern Ireland, the local government district in which the address is situated.” (3) In the Appendix of forms, in the Form of Front of Ballot Paper, for the address after “Catherine Angelina Smith” substitute “(address in [relevant area])”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 22 | (2) The statement is a statement prepared by the Secretary of state that sets out— (a) strategic and policy priorities of Her Majesty’s government relating to elections, referendums and other matters in respect of which the Commission have functions, and (b) the role and responsibilities of the Commission in enabling Her Majesty’s government to meet those priorities. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 23 | 4E Power to revise statement (1) The Secretary of state may revise a statement designated under section 4A otherwise than in consequence of a review under section 4D. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 24 | (7) Where the Secretary of state makes a determination under subsection (5), the Secretary of state must notify the following of the revisions to the statement— (a) the Commission, (b) the Speaker’s Committee, and (c) the Levelling Up, Housing and Communities Committee, and section 4C(11) and (12) apply for the purposes of paragraph (c) as they apply for the purposes of section 4C(2)(c). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 25 | (2) For the purposes of the law of defamation the publication by the Speaker’s Committee of any evidence given by a person who is a witness before the Speaker’s Committee is absolutely privileged.” Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee (1) In section 2 of PPERA (Speaker’s Committee), after subsection (2) insert— “(2A) The functions of the Secretary of state for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities under subsection (2)(b) are exercisable concurrently with any Member of the House of Commons who— (a) is a Minister of the Crown, and (b) is appointed to membership of the Committee by the Prime Minister in order to carry out those functions concurrently with the Secretary of state for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities.” (2) In paragraph 2 of Schedule 2 to PPERA (the Speaker’s Committee: term of office), after sub-paragraph (1) insert— “(1A) The reference in sub-paragraph (1)(c) to the member who is the Secretary of state for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities does not include any member appointed under section 2(2A).” (3) The following are revoked— (a) the Transfer of Functions (Speaker’s Committee) Order 2021 (S.I. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 26 | (5) If the draft code incorporates any such modifications, the Secretary of state must at the same time lay before each House a statement of the Secretary of State’s reasons for making them. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 27 | (6) If the draft guidance incorporates any such modifications, the Secretary of state must at the same time lay before each House a statement of the Secretary of State’s reasons for making them. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 28 | Statements filed with state officers; “appropriate State” defined; duties of state officers; waiver of duplicate filing requirements for States with electronic access (a) (1) A copy of each report and statement required to be filed by any person under this Act shall be filed by such person with the Secretary of state (or equivalent state officer) of the appropriate State, or, if different, the officer of such state who is charged by state law with maintaining state election campaign reports. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 29 | (b) As used in this section— (1) the term “candidate” means an individual who seeks nomination for election, or election, to Federal, State, or local office, whether or not such individual is elected, and, for purposes of this paragraph, an individual shall be deemed to seek nomination for election, or election, to Federal, State, or local office, if he has— (A) taken the action necessary under the law of a state to qualify himself for nomination for election, or election, or (B) received contributions or made expenditures, or has given his consent for any other person to receive contributions or make expenditures, with a view to bringing about his nomination for election, or election, to such office; (2) the term “election” means— (A) a general, special primary, or runoff election, (B) a convention or caucus of a political party held to nominate a candidate, (C) a primary election held for the selection of delegates to a nominating convention of a political party, (D) a primary election held for the expression of a preference for the nomination of persons for election to the office of President, and (E) the election of delegates to a constitutional convention for proposing amendments to the Constitution of the United States or of any State; and § 601 (3) the term “State” means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory or possession of the United States. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 30 | (2) For purposes of this subsection, the term “appropriate State” means— (A) for statements and reports in connection with the campaign for nomination for election of a candidate to the office of President or Vice President, each state in which an expenditure is made on behalf of the candidate; and (B) for statements and reports in connection with the campaign for nomination for election, or election, of a candidate § 30113 to the office of Senator or Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress, the state in which the candidate seeks election; except that political committees other than authorized committees are only required to file, and Secretaries of state required to keep, that portion of the report applicable to candidates seeking election in that State. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 31 | (b) The Secretary of state (or equivalent state officer), or the officer designated under subsection (a)(1) of this section, shall— (1) receive and maintain in an orderly manner all reports and statements required by this Act to be filed therewith; (2) keep such reports and statements (either in original filed form or in facsimile copy by microfilm or otherwise) for 2 years after their date of receipt; (3) make each report and statement filed therewith available as soon as practicable (but within 48 hours of receipt) for public inspection and copying during regular business hours, and permit copying of any such report or statement by hand or by duplicating machine at the request of any person, except that such copying shall be at the expense of the person making the request; and (4) compile and maintain a current list of all reports and statements pertaining to each candidate. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 32 | (3) The national committee of a political party, or a state committee of a political party, including any subordinate committee of a state committee, may not make any expenditure in connection with the general election campaign of a candidate for Federal office in a state who is affiliated with such party which exceeds— (A) in the case of a candidate for election to the office of Senator, or of Representative from a state which is entitled to only one Representative, the greater of— (i) 2 cents multiplied by the voting age population of the state (as certified under subsection (e) of this section); or (ii) $20,000; and (B) in the case of a candidate for election to the office of Representative, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner in any other State, $10,000. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 33 | § 611(b) provides: “(b) The term “foreign principal” includes— (1) a government of a foreign country and a foreign political party; (2) a person outside of the United States, unless it is established that such person is an individual and a citizen of and domiciled within the United States, or that such person is not an individual and is organized under or created by the laws of the United States or of any state or other place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and has its principal place of business within the United States; and (3) a partnership, association, corporation, organization, or other combination of persons organized under the laws of or having its principal place of business in a foreign country.” 25 8 U.S.C. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 34 | Subparagraph (A) shall only apply if— (i) the activity does not refer to a clearly identified candidate for Federal office; (ii) the amounts expended or disbursed are not for the costs of any broadcasting, cable, or satellite communication, other than a communication which refers solely to a clearly identified candidate for state or local office; § 30125 (iii) the amounts expended or disbursed which are described in subparagraph (A)(ii) are paid from amounts which are donated in accordance with state law and which meet the requirements of subparagraph (C), except that no person (including any person established, financed, maintained, or controlled by such person) may donate more than $10,000 to a State, district, or local committee of a political party in a calendar year for such expenditures or disbursements; and (iv) the amounts expended or disbursed are made solely from funds raised by the State, local, or district committee which makes such expenditure or disbursement, and do not include any funds provided to such committee from— (I) any other State, local, or district committee of any state party, (II) the national committee of a political party (including a national congressional campaign committee of a political party), (III) any officer or agent acting on behalf of any committee described in subclause (I) or (II), or (IV) any entity directly or indirectly established, financed, maintained, or controlled by any committee described in subclause (I) or (II). VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 35 | (B) The term “expenditure” does not include— (i) any news story, commentary, or editorial distributed through the facilities of any broadcasting station, newspaper, magazine, or other periodical publication, unless such facilities are owned or controlled by any political party, political committee, or candidate; (ii) nonpartisan activity designed to encourage individuals to vote or to register to vote; (iii) any communication by any membership organization or corporation to its members, stockholders, or executive or administrative personnel, if such membership organization or corporation is not organized primarily for the purpose of influencing the nomination for election, or election, of any individual to Federal office, except that the costs incurred by a membership organization (including a labor organization) or by a corporation directly attributable to a communication expressly advocating the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate (other than a communication primarily devoted to subjects other than the express advocacy of the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate), shall, if such costs exceed $2,000 for any election, be reported to the Commission in accordance with section 30104(a)(4)(A)(i) of this title, and in accordance with section 30104(a)(4)(A)(ii) of this title with respect to any general election; (iv) the payment by a state or local committee of a political party of the costs of preparation, display, or mailing or other distribution incurred by such committee with respect to a printed slate card or sample ballot, or other printed listing, of 3 or more candidates for any public office for which an election is held in the state in which such committee is organized, except that this clause shall not apply to costs incurred by such committee with respect to a display of any such listing made on broadcasting stations, or in newspapers, magazines, or similar types of general public political advertising; (v) any payment made or obligation incurred by a corporation or a labor organization which, under section 30118(b) of this title, would not constitute an expenditure by such corporation or labor organization; (vi) any costs incurred by an authorized committee or candidate in connection with the solicitation of contributions on behalf of such candidate, except that this clause shall not apply with respect to costs incurred by an authorized committee of a candidate in excess of an amount equal to 20 percent of the expenditure limitation applicable to such candidate under section 30116(b), but all such costs shall be reported in accordance with section 30104(b); (vii) the payment of compensation for legal or accounting services— (I) rendered to or on behalf of any political committee of a political party if the person paying for such services is the regular employer of the individual rendering such services, and if such services are not attributable to activities which directly further the election of any designated candidate to Federal office; or (II) rendered to or on behalf of a candidate or political committee if the person paying for such services is the regular employer of the individual rendering such services, and if such services are solely for the purpose of ensuring compliance with this Act or chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26, but amounts paid or incurred by the regular employer for such legal or accounting services shall be reported in accordance with section 30104(b) by the committee receiving such services; (viii) the payment by a state or local committee of a political party of the costs of campaign materials (such as pins, bumper stickers, handbills, brochures, posters, party tabloids, and yard signs) used by such committee in connection with volunteer activities on behalf of nominees of such party: Provided, That— (1) such payments are not for the costs of campaign materials or activities used in connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar type of general public communication or political advertising; (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or particular candidates; (ix) the payment by a state or local committee of a political party of the costs of voter registration and get-out-thevote activities conducted by such committee on behalf of nominees of such party for President and Vice President: Provided, That— (1) such payments are not for the costs of campaign materials or activities used in connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar type of general public communication or political advertising; (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or candidates; and (x) payments received by a political party committee as a condition of ballot access which are transferred to another political party committee or the appropriate state official. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 36 | The term ‘Federal election activity’ does not include an amount expended or disbursed by a State, district, or local committee of a political party for— (i) a public communication that refers solely to a clearly identified candidate for state or local office, if the communication is not a Federal election activity described in subparagraph (A)(i) or (ii); (ii) a contribution to a candidate for state or local office, provided the contribution is not designated to pay for a Federal election activity described in subparagraph (A); (iii) the costs of a State, district, or local political convention; and (iv) the costs of grassroots campaign materials, including buttons, bumper stickers, and yard signs, that name or depict only a candidate for state or local office. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 37 | Paragraph (1) does not apply to the solicitation, receipt, or spending of funds by an individual described in such paragraph who is or was also a candidate for a state or local office solely in connection with such election for state or local office if the solicitation, receipt, or spending of funds is permitted under state law and refers only to such state or local candidate, or to any other candidate for the state or local office sought by such candidate, or both. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 38 | (12) The term “State” means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or a territory or possession of the United States. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 39 | Whenever a political committee makes a disbursement for the purpose of financing any communication through any broadcasting station, newspaper, magazine, outdoor advertising facility, mailing, or any other type of general public political advertising, or whenever any person makes a disbursement for the purpose of financing communications expressly advocating the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate, or solicits any contribution through any broadcasting station, newspaper, magazine, outdoor advertising facility, mailing, or any other type of general public political advertising or makes a disbursement for an electioneering communication (as defined in section 30104(f)(3) of this title), such communication— (1) if paid for and authorized by a candidate, an authorized political committee of a candidate, or its agents, shall clearly state that the communication has been paid for by such authorized political committee, or (2) if paid for by other persons but authorized by a candidate, an authorized political committee of a candidate, or its agents, shall clearly state that the communication is paid for by such other persons and authorized by such authorized political committee; (3) if not authorized by a candidate, an authorized political committee of a candidate, or its agents, shall clearly state the name and permanent street address, telephone number or World Wide Web address of the person who paid for the communication and state that the communication is not authorized by any candidate or candidate’s committee. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 40 | Except as provided in paragraph (2), an amount that is expended or disbursed for Federal election activity by a State, district, or local committee of a political party (including an entity that is directly or indirectly established, financed, maintained, or controlled by a State, district, or local committee of a political party and an officer or agent acting on behalf of such committee or entity), or by an association or similar group of candidates for state or local office or of individuals holding state or local office, shall be made from funds subject to the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements of this Act. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 41 | A national, State, district, or local committee of a political party (including a national congressional campaign committee of a political party), an entity that is directly or indirectly established, financed, maintained, or controlled by any such national, State, district, or local committee or its agent, and an officer or agent acting on behalf of any such party committee or entity, shall not solicit any funds for, or make or direct any donations to— (1) an organization that is described in section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code (or has submitted an application for determination of tax-exempt status under such section) and that makes expenditures or disbursements in connection with an election for Federal office (including expenditures or disbursements for Federal election activity); or (2) an organization described in section 527 of such Code (other than a political committee, a State, district, or local committee of a political party, or the authorized campaign committee of a candidate for state or local office). VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 42 | The term “qualified state or local political organization” means a political organization— (i) all the exempt functions of which are solely for the purposes of influencing or attempting to influence the selection, nomination, election, or appointment of any individual to any state or local public office or office in a State or local political organization, (ii) which is subject to state law that requires the organization to report (and it so reports)— (I) information regarding each separate expenditure from and contribution to such organization, and (II) information regarding the person who makes such contribution or receives such expenditure, which would otherwise be required to be reported under this section, and (iii) with respect to which the reports referred to in clause (ii) are (I) made public by the agency with which such reports are filed, and (II) made publicly available for inspection by the organization in the manner described in section 6104(d). VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 43 | (B) The term “contribution” does not include– (i) the value of services provided without compensation by any individual who volunteers on behalf of a candidate or political committee; (ii) the use of real or personal property, including a church or community room used on a regular basis by members of a community for noncommercial purposes, and the cost of invitations, food, and beverages, voluntarily provided by an individual to any candidate or any political committee of a political party in rendering voluntary personal services on the individual’s residential premises or in the church or community room for candidate-related or political party-related activities, to the extent that the cumulative value of such invitations, food, and beverages provided by such individual on behalf of any single candidate does not exceed $1,000 with respect to any single election, and on behalf of all political committees of a political party does not exceed $2,000 in any calendar year; (iii) the sale of any food or beverage by a vendor for use in any candidate’s campaign or for use by or on behalf of any political committee of a political party at a charge less than the normal comparable charge, if such charge is at least equal to the cost of such food or beverage to the vendor, to the extent that the cumulative value of such activity by such vendor on behalf of any single candidate does not exceed $1,000 with respect to any single election, and on behalf of all political committees of a political party does exceed $2000 in any calendar year; (iv) any unreimbursed payment for travel expenses made by any individual on behalf of any candidate or any political committee of a political party, to the extent that the cumulative value of such activity by such individual on behalf of any single candidate does not exceed $1,000 with respect to any single election, and on behalf of all political committees of a political party does not exceed $2,000 in any calendar year; (v) the payment by a state or local committee of a political party of the costs of preparation, display, or mailing or other distribution incurred by such committee with respect to a printed slate card or sample ballot, or other printed listing, of 3 or more candidates for any public office for which an election is held in the state in which such committee is organized, except that this clause shall not apply to any cost incurred by such committee with respect to a display of any such listing made on broadcasting stations, or in newspapers, magazines, or similar types of general public political advertising; (vi) any payment made or obligation incurred by a corporation or a labor organization which, under section 30118(b) of this title, would not constitute an expenditure by such corporation or labor organization; (vii) any loan of money by a state bank, a federally chartered depository institution, or a depository institution the deposits or accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation . VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 44 | or the National Credit Union Administration, other than any overdraft made with respect to a checking or savings account, made in accordance with applicable law and in the ordinary course of business, but such loan— (I) shall be considered a loan by each endorser or guarantor, in that proportion of the unpaid balance that each endorser or guarantor bears to the total number of endorsers or guarantors; (II) shall be made on a basis which assures repayment, evidenced by a written instrument, and subject to a due date or amortization schedule; and (III) shall bear the usual and customary interest rate of the lending institution; (viii) any legal or accounting services rendered to or on behalf of— (I) any political committee of a political party if the person paying for such services is the regular employer of the person rendering such services and if such services are not attributable to activities which directly further the election of any designated candidate to Federal office; or (II) an authorized committee of a candidate or any other political committee, if the person paying for such services is the regular employer of the individual rendering such services and if such services are solely for the purpose of ensuring compliance with this Act or chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26, but amounts paid or incurred by the regular employer reported in accordance with section 30104(b) of this title by the committee receiving such services; (ix) the payment by a state or local committee of a political party of the costs of campaign materials (such as pins, bumper stickers, handbills, brochures, posters, party tabloids, and yard signs) used by such committee in connection with volunteer activities on behalf of nominees of such party: Provided, That— (1) such payments are not for the cost of campaign materials or activities used in connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar type of general public communication or political advertising; (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or particular candidates; (x) the payment by a candidate, for nomination or election to any public office (including state or local office), or authorized committee of a candidate, of the costs of campaign materials which include information on or reference to any other candidate and which are used in connection with volunteer activities (including pins, bumper stickers, handbills, brochures, posters, and yard signs, but not including the use of broadcasting, newspapers, magazines, billboards, direct mail, or similar types of general public communication or political advertising): Provided, That such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; (xi) the payment by a state or local committee of a political party of the costs of voter registration and get-out-thevote activities conducted by such committee on behalf of nominees of such party for President and Vice President: Provided, That— (1) such payments are not for the costs of campaign materials or activities used in connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar type of general public communication or political advertising; (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or candidates; (xii) payments made by a candidate or the authorized committee of a candidate as a condition of ballot access and payments received by any political party committee as a condition of ballot access; (xiii) any honorarium (within the meaning of section 441i of this title); and (xiv) any loan of money derived from an advance on a candidate’s brokerage account, credit card, home equity line of credit, or other line of credit available to the candidate, if such a loan is made in accordance with applicable law and under commercially reasonable terms and if the person making such loan makes loans derived from an advance on the candidate’s brokerage account, credit card, home equity line of credit, or other line of credit in the normal course of the person’s business. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 45 | The term ‘Federal Election Activity’ means— (i) voter registration activity during the period that begins on the date that is 120 days before the date a regularly scheduled Federal election is held and ends on the date of the election; (ii) voter identification, get-out-the-vote activity, or generic campaign activity conducted in connection with an election in which a candidate for Federal office appears on the ballot (regardless of whether a candidate for state or local office also appears on the ballot); (iii) a public communication that refers to a clearly identified candidate for Federal office (regardless of whether a candidate for state or local office is also mentioned or identified) and that promotes or supports a candidate for that office, or attacks or opposes a candidate for that office (regardless of whether the communication expressly advocates a vote for or against a candidate); or (iv) services provided during any month by an employee of a State, district, or local committee of a political party who spends more than 25 percent of that individual’s compensated time during that month on activities in connection with a Federal election. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 46 | Reports on convention financing Each committee or other organization which— (1) represents a State, or a political subdivision thereof, or any group of persons, in dealing with officials of a national political party with respect to matters involving a convention held in such state or political subdivision to nominate a candidate for the office of President or Vice President, or (2) represents a national political party in making arrangements for the convention of such party held to nominate a candidate for the office of § 30105 President or Vice President, shall, within 60 days following the end of the convention (but not later than 20 days prior to the date on which presidential and vice-presidential electors are chosen), file with the Commission a full and complete financial statement, in such form and detail as it may prescribe, of the sources from which it derived its funds, and the purpose for which such funds were expended. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 47 | A contribution accepted by a candidate, and any other donation received by an individual as support for activities of the individual as a holder of Federal office, may be used by the candidate or individual— (1) for otherwise authorized expenditures in connection with the campaign for Federal office of the candidate or individual; (2) for ordinary and necessary expenses incurred in connection with duties of the individual as a holder of Federal office; (3) for contributions to an organization described in section 170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; (4) for transfers, without limitation, to a national, State, or local committee of a political party; (5) for donations to state and local candidates subject to the provisions of state law; or § 30114 (6) for any other lawful purpose unless prohibited by subsection (b) of this section. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 48 | determine the procedure for the preparation and delivery of ballot papers to polling stations; hear the information of representatives of election commissions, political parties, ministries, state committees and agencies, local authorities, other state bodies and public associations on matters associated with preparation and conduct of elections; summarize the results of elections, determine the total voting results in the Republic of Uzbekistan and publish the information about the number of voters who participated in voting and the number of votes cast for each candidate; in cases provided for by the present Code, organize repeat voting, holding repeat elections and election for vacant position of retired deputies of the Legislative Chamber or members of the Senate, as well as holding repeat voting and repeat election of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; register elected deputies of the Legislative Chamber and members of the Senate and publish their lists in the press and in other sources; convene the first post-election meeting of the Legislative Chamber, the Senate; hand on to the elected person a certificate on election as the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; issue to the deputy of Legislative Chamber and members of Senate a certificate and a breastplate respectively of the Deputy of Legislative Chamber and Member of the Senate; shall consider the appeals of voters and other participants in the electoral process and makes decisions on them, except for complaints on the actions and decisions of election commissions; submit materials on violation of requirements of the present Code to the court or law enforcement bodies; carry out international cooperation with representatives of electoral bodies of other countries, international organizations and foreign states, organize meetings, sign agreements and memorandums; participate in election observation in foreign countries, including missions of international organizations; invite international organizations, electoral bodies and representatives of foreign states for election observation; ensure that the documents relating to the organization and holding of elections are submitted to the departmental archives; approve the Regulation of the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan; strengthen and develop relations with public and the mass media. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 49 | Chairperson of the Central Election Commission Chairperson of the Central Election Commission shall: carry out the administration of the activity of the Central Election Commission; call meetings of the Central Election Commission, preside over them, distribute functions among members of the Commission; invite representatives and officials of state bodies, political parties and other public associations, organizations to participate in meetings of the Central Election Commission; act on behalf of the Central Election Commission in relations with the state bodies, international organizations and public associations; present information to the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan on outcomes of the election of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan; sign the resolutions and other documents of the Central Election Commission; distribute the funds allocated from the state budget of the Republic of Uzbekistan for provision of the activities of the Central Election Commission and controls their purposeful use; open the first meeting of the Legislative Chamber and the Senate respectively, and preside over it until the election of the Speaker of the Legislative Chamber and the chairperson of the Senate. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 50 | Voting at the place of residence of a voter in a foreign state Early voting in densely populated areas by voters in foreign countries can be conducted at the voter's place of residence in accordance with international treaties of the Republic of Uzbekistan and agreements with authorized state bodies of foreign states. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 51 | The following persons shall not be registered as a candidate for the deputy of the Legislative Chamber: citizens whose state of conviction for committing serious or particularly serious crimes was not completed or not cancelled; citizens not residing permanently in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the last five years before the election day; military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan, employees of the state Security Service, the National Guard, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the state Customs Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan and other paramilitary units; professional servicemen of religious organizations and associations. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 52 | The following persons shall not be registered as a candidate for the deputy of local Kengashes: citizens whose state of conviction for committing grave or particularly grave crimes was not completed or not canceled; citizens not residing permanently in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the last five years before election day; military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan, employees of the state Security Service, the National Guard, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the state Customs Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan and other paramilitary units; professional servicemen of religious organizations and associations. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 53 | Citizens whose state of conviction for committing serious and especially serious crimes was not completed or not cancelled, military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan, employees of the state Security Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan, other militarized units, professional staff of religious organizations and associations may not be members of the Central Election Commission. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 54 | Single electronic list of voters Single electronic list of voters is a state information resource, containing information about voter citizens, their permanent and temporary residence addresses in accordance with the databases of competent state bodies. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 55 | State financing of elections Expenditures connected with preparation and conduct of elections of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, elections of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan and elections of local Kengashes shall be financed from the funds of the state budget of the Republic of Uzbekistan. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 56 | Restriction of elections During the entire period of the state of emergency imposed on the entire territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan or in its separate locality, elections are not held. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 57 | Election commissions and their members shall carry out their activities independently from any state bodies, public associations and officials. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 58 | Decisions of the Central Election Commission adopted within its competence shall be binding on the district and precinct election commission, state bodies, political parties and other public associations, enterprises, institutions and organizations. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 59 | The decision of the election commission adopted within its authority shall be binding on the lower-level election commissions, as well as all heads of state bodies, political parties and other public associations, labour collectives and military units, enterprises, establishments and organizations. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 60 | The election commission shall have the right to appeal to the state bodies and public associations, enterprises, institutions, organizations, and officials on matters related to the preparation and conduct of the elections, they should consider the matter within a maximum period of three days and answer to the election commission. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 61 | The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan submits information about citizens included in the voter list to the state Center for Personalization under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan to make appropriate changes to the Unified Electronic Voter List Article 28. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 62 | Single electronic list of voters is formed and updated on the basis of the information provided by the competent state bodies, and specified by the relevant precinct election commission during the election campaign. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 63 | Candidates’ proxies A candidate for President of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall have the right to have up to fifteen, a candidate for Deputy of the Legislative Chamber — up to ten, a candidate for Deputy of the regional Kengash — up to five, a candidate for Deputy of the sub-regional and city Kengash — up to three proxies who shall assist him/her in the conduct of election campaign, agitation of the election, represent his/her interests in relations with the state bodies, public associations and election commissions. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 64 | It is forbidden to conduct pre-election campaigning: heads of government and administrative bodies, local government bodies; servicemen of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan, employees of the state Security Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan, other paramilitary formations, law enforcement agencies, judges; members of election commissions; officials of religious organizations. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 65 | Conducting agitation through mass media During the campaign, equal conditions of access to the state media shall be ensured by providing the same amount of broadcasting and print space free of charge. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 66 | A citizen of the Republic of Uzbekistan who is not younger than thirty-five years, fluent in state language and permanently resides in the territory of Uzbekistan for at least ten years before the elections can be elected as the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 67 | Sixteen members of the Senate shall be appointed by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan from among the most authoritative citizens with extensive practical experience and special merits in the field of science, art, literature, production and other spheres of state and social activity. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 68 | Part V Powers of the Parliament Section 51 [Legislative Competencies] The Parliament shall, subject to this Constitution, have power to make laws for the peace, order and good government of the Commonwealth with respect to: (i) Trade and commerce with other countries, and among the States; (ii) Taxation; but so as not to discriminate between States or parts of States; (iii) Bounties on the production or export of goods, but so that such bounties shall be uniform throughout the Commonwealth; (iv) Borrowing money on the public credit of the Commonwealth; (v) Postal, telegraphic, telephonic, and other like services; (vi) The naval and military defence of the Commonwealth and of the several States, and the control of the forces to execute and maintain the laws of the Commonwealth; (vii) Lighthouses, lightships, beacons and buoys; (viii) Astronomical and meteorological observations; (ix) Quarantine; (x) Fisheries in Australian waters beyond territorial limits; (xi) Census and statistics; (xii) Currency, coinage, and legal tender; (xiii) Banking, other than state banking; also state banking extending beyond the limits of the state concerned, the incorporation of banks, and the issue of paper money; (xiv) Insurance, other than state insurance; also state insurance extending beyond the limits of the state concerned; (xv) Weights and measures; (xvi) Bills of exchange and promissory notes; (xvii) Bankruptcy and insolvency; (xviii) Copyrights, patents of inventions and designs, and trade marks; (xiv) Naturalization and aliens; (xx) Foreign corporations, and trading or financial corporations formed within the limits of the Commonwealth; (xxi) Marriage; (xxii) Divorce and matrimonial causes; and in relation thereto, parental rights, and the custody and guardianship of infants; (xviii) Invalid and old age pensions; (xxiiiA) The provision of maternity allowances, widows' pensions, child endowment, unemployment, pharmaceutical, sickness and hospital benefits, medical and dental services (but not so as to authorize any form of civil conscription), benefits to students and family allowances; (xxiv) The service and execution throughout the Commonwealth of the civil and criminal process and the judgments of the courts of the States; (xxv) The recognition throughout the Commonwealth of the laws, the public Acts and records, and the judicial proceedings of the States; (xxvi) The people of any race for whom it is deemed necessary to make special laws; (xxvii) Immigration and emigration; (xxviii) The influx of criminals; (xxix) External affairs; (xxx) The relations of the Commonwealth with the islands of the Pacific; (xxxi) The acquisition of property on just terms from any state or person for any purpose in respect of which the Parliament has power to make laws; (xxxii) The control of railways with respect to transport for the naval and military purposes of the Commonwealth; (xxxiii) The acquisition, with the consent of a State, of any railways of the state on terms arranged between the Commonwealth and the State; (xxxiv) Railway construction and extension in any state with the consent of that State; (xxxv) Conciliation and arbitration for the prevention and settlement of industrial disputes extending beyond the limits of any one State; (xxxvi) Matters in respect of which this Constitution makes provision until the Parliament otherwise provides; (xxxvii) Matters referred to the Parliament of the Commonwealth by the Parliament or Parliaments of any state or States, but so that the law shall extend only to States by whose Parliaments the matter is referred, or which afterwards adopt the law; (xxxviii) The exercise within the Commonwealth, at the request or with the concurrence of the Parliaments of all the States directly concerned, of any power which can at the establishment of this Constitution be exercised only by the Parliament of the United Kingdom or by the Federal Council of Australasia; (xxxix) Matters incidental to the execution of any power vested by this Constitution in the Parliament or in either House thereof, or in the Government of the Commonwealth, or in the Federal judicature, or in any department or officer of the Commonwealth. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 69 | Section 85 [Transfer of Property] When any department of the public service of a state is transferred to the Commonwealth (i) All property of the state of any kind, used exclusively in connection with the department, shall become vested in the Commonwealth; but, in the case of the departments controlling customs and excise and bounties, for such time only as the Governor General in Council may declare to be necessary: (ii) The Commonwealth may acquire any property of the State, of any kind used, but not exclusively used in connection with the department; the value thereof shall, if no agreement can be made, be ascertained in, as nearly as may be, the manner in which the value of land, or of an interest in land, taken by the state for public purposes is ascertained under the law of the state in force at the establishment of the Commonwealth: (iii) The Commonwealth shall compensate the state for the value of any property passing to the Commonwealth under this section; if no agreement can be made as to the mode of compensation, it shall be determined under laws to be made by the Parliament: (iv) The Commonwealth shall, at the date of the transfer, assume the current obligations of the state in respect of the department transferred. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 70 | Section 124 [Spinning Off of New States] A new state may be formed by separation of territory from a State, but only with the consent of the Parliament thereof, and a new state may be formed by the union of two or more State or parts of States, but only with the consent of the Parliaments of the States affected. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 71 | Section 93 [Transitional Customs Provisions] During the first five years after the imposition of uniform duties of customs, and thereafter until the Parliament otherwise provides (i) The duties of customs chargeable on goods imported into a state and afterwards passing into another state for consumption, and the duties of excise paid on goods produced or manufactured in a state and afterwards passing into another state for consumption, shall be taken to have been collected not in the former but in the latter State: (ii) Subject to the last subsection, the Commonwealth shall credit revenue, debit expenditure, and pay balances to the several States as prescribed for the period preceding the imposition of uniform duties of customs. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 72 | Section 104 [Railway Rates] Nothing in this Constitution shall render unlawful any rate for the carriage of goods upon a railway, the property of a State, if the rate is deemed by the Inter state Commission to be necessary for the development of the territory of the State, and if the rate applies equally to goods within the state and to goods passing into the state from other States. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 73 | (2) But until the Parliament of the Commonwealth otherwise provides, the Parliament of the state of Queensland, if that state be an Original State, may make laws dividing the state into divisions and determining the number of senators to be chosen for each division, and in the absence of such provision the state shall be one electorate. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 74 | Section 105 [Consolidation of state Debts] The Parliament may take over from the States their public debts, or a proportion thereof according to the respective numbers of their people as shown by the latest statistics of the Commonwealth, and may convert, renew, or consolidate such debts, or any part thereof; and the States shall indemnify the Commonwealth in respect of the debts taken over, and thereafter the interest payable in respect of the debts shall be deducted and retained from the portions of the surplus revenue of the Commonwealth payable to the several States, or if such surplus is insufficient, or if there is no surplus, then the deficiency or the whole amount shall be paid by the several States. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 75 | Chapter V The States Section 106 [Continuity of state Government] The Constitution of each state of the Commonwealth shall, subject to this Constitution, continue as at the establishment of the Commonwealth, or as at the admission or establishment of the State, as the case may be, until altered in accordance with the Constitution of the State. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 76 | Section 123 [New Delimitation of States] The Parliament of the Commonwealth may, with the consent of the Parliament of a State, and the approval of the majority of the electors of the state voting upon the question, increase, diminish, or otherwise alter the limits of the State, upon such terms and conditions as may be agreed on, and may, with the like consent, make provision respecting the effect and operation of any increase or diminution or alteration of territory in relation to any state affected. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 77 | Section 10 [State Methods] Until the Parliament otherwise provides, but subject to this Constitution, the laws in force in each State, for the time being, relating to elections for the more numerous House of the Parliament of the state shall, as nearly as practicable, apply to elections of senators for the State. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 78 | (5) If the place of a senator chosen by the people of a state at the election of senators last held before the commencement of the Constitution Alteration (Senate Casual] Vacancies) 1977 became vacant before that commencement and, at the commencement, no person chosen by the House or Houses of Parliament of the State, or appointed by the Governor of the State, in consequence of that vacancy or in consequence of that vacancy and a subsequent vacancy or vacancies, held office, this section applies as if the place of the senator chosen by the people of the state had become vacant after that commencement. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 79 | (6) A senator holding office at the commencement of the Constitution Alteration (Senate Casual Vacancies) 1977, being a senator appointed by the Governor of a state in consequence of a vacancy that had at any time occurred in the place of a senator chosen by the people of the State, shall be deemed to have been appointed to hold the place until the expiration of fourteen days after the beginning of the next session of the Parliament of the state that commenced or commences after he was appointed and further action under this section shall be taken as if the vacancy in the place of the senator chosen by the people of the state had occurred after that commencement. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 80 | (8) If, at or before the commencement of the Constitution Alteration (Senate Casual Vacancies) 1977, a law to alter the Constitution entitled "Constitution Alteration (Simultaneous Elections) 1977" came into operation, a senator holding office at the commencement of that law who was chosen by the House or Houses of Parliament of a state in consequence of a vacancy that had at any time occurred in the place of a Senator chosen by the people of the state shall be deemed to have been chosen to hold office (a) if the senator elected by the people of the state had a term of service expiring on the thirtieth day of June, One thousand nine hundred and seventy eight until the expiration or dissolution of the first House of Representatives to expire or be dissolved after that law came into operation; or (b) if the senator elected by the people of the state had a term of service expiring on the thirtieth day of June, One thousand nine hundred and eighty one until the expiration or dissolution of the second House of Representatives to expire or be dissolved after that law came into operation or, if there is an earlier dissolution of the Senate, until that dissolution. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 81 | (2) The number of members chosen in the several States shall be in proportion to the respective numbers of their people, and shall, until the Parliament otherwise provides, be determined, whenever necessary, in the following manner: (i) A quota shall be ascertained by dividing the number of the people of the Commonwealth, as shown by the latest statistics of the Commonwealth, by twice the number the senators: (ii) The number of members to be chosen in each state shall be determined by dividing the number of the people of the State, as shown by the latest statistics of the Commonwealth, by the quota; and if on such division there is a remainder greater than one half of the quota, one more member shall be chosen in the State. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 82 | Section 25 [Disqualification by Race] For the purposes of the last section, if by the law of any state all persons of any race are disqualified from voting at elections for the more numerous House of the Parliament of the State, then, in reckoning the number of the people of the state or of the Commonwealth, persons of that race resident in that state shall not be counted. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 83 | Section 75 [Original Jurisdiction of the High Court] In all matters (i) Arising under any treaty: (ii) Affecting consuls or other representatives of other countries: (iii) In which the Commonwealth, or a person suing or being sued on behalf of the Commonwealth, is a party: (iv) Between States, or between residents of different States, or between a state and a resident of another State: (v) In which a writ of Mandamus or prohibition or an injunction is sought against an officer of the Commonwealth: the High Court shall have original jurisdiction. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 84 | Section 95 [Western Australia Customs] (1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the Parliament of the state of Western Australia, if that state be an Original State, may, during the first five years after the imposition of uniform duties of customs, impose duties of customs on goods passing into that state and not originally imported from beyond the limits of the Commonwealth; and such duties shall be collected by the Commonwealth. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 85 | Section 102 [No Discrimination Concerning Railways] The Parliament may by any law with respect to trade or commerce forbid, as to railways, any preference or discrimination by any State, or by any authority constituted under a State, if such preference or discrimination is undue and unreasonable, or unjust to any State; due regard being had to the financial responsibilities incurred by any state in connection with the construction and maintenance of its railways. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 86 | Section 108 [Continuity of Colony Legislation] Every law in force in a Colony which has become or becomes a State, and relating to any matter within the powers of the Parliament of the Commonwealth, shall, subject to this Constitution, continue in force in the State; and until provision is made in that behalf by the Parliament of the Commonwealth, the Parliament of the state shall have such powers of alteration and of repeal in respect of any such law as the Parliament of the Colony had until the Colony became a State. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 87 | Section 110 [Binding Force on state Governors] The provisions of this Constitution relating to the Governor of a state extend and apply to the Governor for the time being of the State, or other chief executive office or administrator of the government of the State. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 88 | (3) European Community Legislation: States are obliged to eliminate discrimination in state social security schemes providing protection against sickness, unemployment, invalidity, old age, accidents at work or occupational diseases. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 89 | The outcome of some cases has led to changes in British law to improve human rights, for example the abolition of corporal punishment in state schools and improved rights for prisoners.Britain is not a party to the Convention's Fourth Protocol (Freedom of Movement) because of inconsistency with some aspects of the United Kingdom immigration control system nor the Sixth Protocol (abolition of the death penalty). The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 90 | (3) All state authorities are subject to judicial control. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 91 | The Church of England and the Church of Scotland are the established 'official' churches for state ceremonies of a religious nature. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 92 | (3) There is no state control or censorship of the press. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 93 | (4) Britain and the other European Community members have signed the Dublin Convention, which defines when a member state is responsible for dealing with an asylum application. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 94 | (4) The state education system is free, but a small proportion of children attend private fee-paying schools. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 95 | Chapter 2 state Organization Part 1 Overview Section 31 Basic Structure (1) The British constitution is made up of statute law, common law, and conventions. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 96 | (2) The Queen is head of state and an important symbol of national unity. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 97 | Section 2 [Scope of Judicial Power] (1) The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority; - to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls; - to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction; - to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party; - to Controversies between two or more States; - between a state and Citizens of another State; - between Citizens of different States, - between Citizens of the same state claiming Lands under the Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 98 | and with the Indian Tribes; (4) To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; (5) To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; (6) To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States; (7) To Establish Post Offices and Post Roads; (8) To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries; (9) To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; (10) To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offenses against the Law of Nations; (11) To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; (12) To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years; (13) To provide and maintain a Navy; (14) To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces; (15) To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; (16) To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; (17) To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the state in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings; - And (18) To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 99 | Section 3 [Admission of States] (1) New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new state shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any state be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 100 | Section 3 [Civil War Disqualification] No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 101 | • Amendment I [1791 - Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, Petition] • Amendment II [1791 - Right to Bear Arms] • Amendment III [1791 - Quartering of Troops] • Amendment IV [1791 - Search and Seizure] • Amendment V [1791 - Grand Jury, Double Jeopardy, Self-Incrimination, Due Process] • Amendment VI [1791 - Criminal Prosecution] • Amendment VII [1791 - Common Law Suits] • Amendment VIII [1791 - Excess Bail or Fines, Cruel and Unusual Punishment] • Amendment IX [1791 - Non-Enumerative Rights] • Amendment X [1791 - Rights Reserved to States] • Amendment XI [1798 - Suits Against a State] • Amendment XI [1798 - Suits Against a State] • Amendment XII [1804 - Presidential Elections] • Amendment XIII [1865 - Abolition of Slavery] • Section 1 [Abolition Clause] • Section 2 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XIV [1868 - Privileges and Immunities, Due Process, Equal Protection] • Section 1 [Privileges and Immunities, Due Process, Equal Protection] • Section 2 [Apportionment of Representatives] • Section 3 [Civil War Disqualification] • Section 4 [Public Debt] • Section 5 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XV [1870 - Electoral Race Equality] • Section 1 [Right to Vote] • Section 2 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XVI [1913 - Income Tax] • Amendment XVI [1913 - Income Tax] • Amendment XVII [1913 - Election of Senators] • Amendment XVIII [1919 - Prohibition] • Section 1 [Prohibition] • Section 2 [Congressional and state Power] • Section 3 [Amendment Procedure] • Amendment XIX [1920 - Electoral Gender Equality] • Amendment XIX [1920 - Electoral Gender Equality] • Amendment XX [1933 - Presidential Office and Congress] • Section 1 [Terms] • Section 2 [Congressional Sessions] • Section 3 [Presidential Succession] • Section 4 [Congressional Succession] • Section 5 [Enforcement] • Section 6 [Amendment Procedure] • Amendment XXI [1933 - Repeal of Prohibition] • Section 1 [Repeal] • Section 2 [State Prohibition] • Section 3 [Amendment Procedure] • Amendment XXII [1951 - Presidential Two Term Limit] • Section 1 [Term Limit] • Section 2 [Amendment Procedure] • Amendment XXIII [1961 - Presidential Vote in D.C.] • Section 1 [Vote] • Section 2 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XXIV [1964 - Poll Tax] • Section 1 [Tax] • Section 2 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XXV [1967 - Presidential Succession] • Section 1 [Vice President] • Section 2 [Vice President Replacement] • Section 3 [Vice President as Acting President] • Section 4 [Vice President as Acting President] • Amendment XXVI [1971 - Maturity Age for Elections] • Section 1 [Vote at 18] • Section 2 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XXVII [1992 - Compensation of Members of Congress] • Amendment XXVII [1992 - Compensation of Members of Congress] Amendment I [1791 - Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, Petition] Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion , or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech , or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 102 | But in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States the Representation from each state having one Vote; A quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 103 | (2) A Person charged in any state with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on demand of the executive Authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the state having Jurisdiction of the Crime. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 104 | (2) This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every state shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any state to the Contrary notwithstanding. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 105 | (3) The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several state Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 106 | But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 107 | Section 2 [House of Representatives] (1) The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each state shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the state Legislature. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 108 | (2) No state shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any state on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 109 | He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows: (2) Each state shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the state may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 110 | Article IV [States] Section 1 [Faith and Credit] Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each state to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 111 | Section 4 [Guarantees to States] The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 112 | Amendment XII [1804 - Presidential Elections] The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice- President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; - The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted; - The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 113 | Amendment XIV [1868 - Privileges and Immunities, Due Process, Equal Protection] Section 1 [Privileges and Immunities, Due Process, Equal Protection] All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 114 | No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 115 | But neither the United States nor any state shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 116 | Amendment XV [1870 - Electoral Race Equality] Section 1 [Right to Vote] The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 117 | The exclusive powers of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall include: 1) election the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the head of the republican anti-corruption body and the head of the republican anti-monopoly body on representation of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 2) consideration and approval of the candidates for the posts of theProsecutor General of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the chairperson of the Chamber of Accounts of the Republic of Uzbekistan on representation of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 3) conducting consultations on the candidature proposed by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the post of the chairperson of state Security Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 4) on the nomination of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan appointment and dismissal of the heads of diplomatic missions and other representations of the Republic of Uzbekistan in foreign states and international organizations on representation of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 5) appointment and relief of the Chairperson of the Board of the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan on representation of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan 6) ratification of decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the establishment and abolition of ministries and other republican bodies of executive power; 7) adoption of amnesty acts on representation of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 8) hearing the reports of the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Chairperson of the Board of the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 9) hearing the reports of the heads of diplomatic missions and other representations of the Republic of Uzbekistan in foreign states and international organizations on the issues of their activities; 10) submission of parliamentary inquiries to the officials of state bodies and carrying out other forms of parliamentary control; 11) assistance to the representative bodies of state power on the ground in the performance of their activities; 12) rescission of the decisions of representative bodies of state power on the ground in the case of their inconsistency with the norms of legislation; 13) election of the Chairperson of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan and his deputies, chairpersons of committees and their deputies; 14) adoption of decisions on deprivation of a member of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from immunity on the representation of the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 15) adoption of decisions on the matters relating to the organisation of chamber's activities and its internal organisation; 16) adopting resolutions on certain issues in the field of political, social and economic life, as well as on issues of national and foreign policy; 17) exercising the powers of the Oliy Majlis to legislate, with the exception of the Constitution and constitutional laws, during the dissolution of the Legislative Chamber; 18) exercising other powers stipulated by the Constitution and laws. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 118 | The joint conduct of the Legislative Chamber and the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall include: 1) adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, introducing amendments; 2) adoption of the Constitutional laws and laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, introducing amendments; 3) ratification and denouncement of international treaties; 4) adoption of decision on holding a referendum of the Republic of Uzbekistan and designation the date of its holding; 5) determination of the guidelines of national and foreign policies of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and adoption of strategic state programs; 6) determination of the structure and powers of the bodies of the legislative, executive and judicial authorities of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 7) admission of new state formations into the Republic of Uzbekistan and approval of decisions to secede from the Republic of Uzbekistan; 8) legislative regulation of customs, currency and credit systems; 9) approval of the state budget of the Republic of Uzbekistan submitted by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, introducing amendments; 10) determination of the maximum size of government debt of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 11) determination of taxes and other compulsory payments; 12) legislative regulation of the administrative and territorial structure, and alteration of the boundaries of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 13) formation, annulment and renaming of districts, towns, cities and regions, and alteration of their boundaries; 14) institution of state awards and titles; 15) formation of the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 16) election of an Authorized Person of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Human Rights (Ombudsman) and the Deputy of Ombudsman; 17) ratification of decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on announcement of condition of war in case of attack on the Republic of Uzbekistan or necessity of implementation of contractual obligations on mutual defense from aggression; 18) ratification of decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on announcement of general and partial mobilization, introducing, prolongation or discontinuance of the state of emergency; 19) hearing the annual National Report on anti-corruption in the Republic of Uzbekistan; 20) conducting parliamentary investigation; 21) exercising of other powers specified by the Constitution and laws. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 119 | The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall: 1) guarantee observance of rights and freedoms of citizens, the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, sovereignty, security and territorial integrity of the Republic of Uzbekistan, implementation of decisions regarding its national-state structure; 2) represent the Republic of Uzbekistan within the country and in international relations; 3) conduct negotiations and sign treaties and agreements of the Republic of Uzbekistan, ensure the observance of the negotiated by the Republic treaties, agreements and the assumed by it obligations; 4) receive letters of credence and recall from diplomatic and other representatives accredited to him; 5) present to the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan nominees for appointment heads of diplomatic and other representative offices of the Republic of Uzbekistan to foreign states and with international organizations; 6) have the right to address the people and the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan on major matters of realizing home and foreign policies of the country; 7) form and abolish ministries and other republican bodies of executive authority with subsequent submission of decrees on these matters for approval by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 8) represent to the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan a nominee for the election on the post of the Chairperson of the Senate; 9) appoint, with the approval of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis, the Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the members of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan and dismisses them from their posts; 10) appoint and dismiss heads of committees, agencies and other republican state bodies in accordance with the legislation; 11) appoint and dismiss the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Chairperson of the Chamber of Accounts of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the approval of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 12) appoint, after consultation with the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Chairperson of the state Security Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and dismisses him from his post; 13) present candidates to the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as for the posts of Chairperson of the Board of the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan, head of the republican body to counteract corruption and head of the republican anti-monopoly body; 14) appoint and dismiss, upon the submission of the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Chairpersons and deputy Chairpersons of courts in regions and the city of Tashkent, the Chairperson of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan; approve members of the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 15) appoint and relieve, upon the submission of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan, khokims of districts and cities of their posts in accordance with law. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 120 | Any seizure of powers belonging to state authority, suspension or termination of activity of the bodies of state authority contrary to the procedure prescribed by the Constitution, as well as the formation of any new or parallel bodies of state authority shall be regarded as unconstitutional and punishable by law. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 121 | The state shall take measures to develop the healthcare system, its state and non-state forms, various types of medical insurance, ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 122 | The state shall ensure the development of a continuous education system, its various types and forms, state and non-state educational organizations. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 123 | The state shall ensure equal rights and opportunities for women and men in the administration of public and state affairs and in other spheres of social and state life. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 124 | The exclusive powers of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall include: 1) monitoring the execution of the state budget of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 2) hearing the report of the Chamber of Accounts of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 3) consideration and approval of the candidature of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan on representation of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 4) hearing the reports of Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan on current issues of social and economic development of the country as well as the members of the Cabinet of Ministers on issues of their activities; 5) consideration and approval of the candidates to the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on representation of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 6) hearing the annual report of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the most crucial issues of social and economic life of the country; 7) submission of parliamentary inquiries to the officials of state bodies and implementation of other forms of parliamentary control; 8) election of the Speaker of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the deputies of Speaker, chairpersons of committees and their deputies; 9) addressing the issues of depriving a deputy of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from immunity on representation of the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 10) adoption of decisions on matters relating to the organization of the chamber's activities and its internal order; 11) adoption of the resolutions on certain issues in the field of political, social and economic life, as well as the issues of national and foreign policy of the state; 12) exercising other powers stipulated by the Constitution and laws. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 125 | The Republic of Uzbekistan shall determine its national-state and administrative-territorial structure, its structure of state authority and administration, and shall pursue independent home and foreign policies. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 126 | They may exercise this right by way of self-government, referendums and democratic formation of state bodies, as well as public control over activities of state bodies. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 127 | Citizens shall have the right to receive higher education in state educational organizations on a competitive basis at the expense of the state. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 128 | Everyone shall have the right to compensation by the state for damage caused by unlawful decisions, acts, or omissions of state bodies or their officials. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 129 | Interference by state bodies and officials in the activity of non-governmental non-profit organizations, as well as interference by non-governmental non-profit organizations in the activities of state bodies and officials, shall be impermissible. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 130 | The state shall ensure the protection of personal, political, economic, social, cultural and ecological rights of young people, and encourage their active participation in the life of society and the State. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 131 | The Speaker of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall: 1) convoke sittings of the Legislative Chamber, preside at them; 2) exercise the general direction over a preliminary review of matters to be submitted for consideration by the Legislative Chamber; 3) coordinate the work of the committees and commissions of the Legislative Chamber; 4) organize the control over the implementation of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan and resolutions of the Legislative Chamber; 5) direct the work on antiparliamentary relations and the activity of the groups of the Legislative Chamber connected with the work of international parliamentary organizations; 6) represent the Legislative Chamber in interrelation with the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, other state bodies, foreign states, international and other organizations; 7) sign resolutions of the Legislative Chamber; 8) exercise other powers provided for by this Constitution and legislative acts. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 132 | The Chairperson of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall: 1) convoke sittings of the Senate, preside at them; 2) exercise the general direction over a preliminary review of matters to be submitted for consideration by the Senate; 3) coordinate the work of the committees and commissions of the Senate; 4) organize the control over the implementation of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan and resolutions of the Senate; 5) direct the work on interparliamentary relations and the activity of the groups of the Senate connected with the work of international parliamentary organizations; 6) represent the Senate in interrelation with the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, other state bodies, foreign states, international and other organizations; 7) sign resolutions of the Senate; 8) exercise other powers provided for by this Constitution and legislative acts. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 133 | The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the head of the state and ensures agreed functioning and interaction of the state authorities. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 134 | The Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall: 1) take responsibility for the conduct of effective economic, social, financial, money and credit policies; the development and realization of programs on development of science, culture, education, healthcare and other areas of economy and social sphere; 2) take measures to ensure sustainable economic growth, macroeconomic stability, poverty reduction, creation of decent living conditions for the population, food security, creation of a favorable investment climate, integrated and sustainable development of territories; 3) ensure the effective functioning of the system of social protection of the population, including persons with disabilities; 4) ensure the implementation of a unified state policy in the field of environmental protection, conservation of natural wealth and biological diversity, combating climate change, epidemics, pandemics, mitigating their consequences; 5) ensure the implementation of the state youth policy, takes measures to support, strengthen and protect the family, preserve traditional family values; 6) take measures to support the institutions of civil society, ensure their participation in the development and implementation of programs for socio-economic development and social partnership; 7) take measures to protect economic, social and other rights and legitimate interests of citizens; 8) ensure the implementation of the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, decisions of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis, decrees, resolutions and orders of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 9) coordinate and directs the work of executive authorities, exercises control over their activities in the manner prescribed by law; 10) take measures to ensure openness and transparency, legality and efficiency in the work of executive authorities, countering corruption in their activities, improving the quality and accessibility of public services; 11) represent the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan annual report on the most important issues of the socio-economic life of the country; 12) exercise other powers provided for by this Constitution and laws. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 135 | The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall: 1) define the compliance of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan and resolutions of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, decrees, resolutions and orders of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, resolutions of the government, decisions of local bodies of state authority, interstate treaties and other obligations of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 2) conform the compliance of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the constitutional laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan — until they are signed by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, international treaties of the Republic of Uzbekistan — until they are signed by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of the laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan on their ratification; 3) conform the compliance of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan with issues to be submitted to the referendum; 4) conform the compliance of the Constitution of the Republic of Karakalpakstan to the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, laws of the Republic of Karakalpakstan — to laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 5) interpret the norms of the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 6) consider the appeal of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, initiated by the courts, on compliance of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, normative-legal acts subjects to application in concrete cases; 7) based on summarizing practices of the constitutional legal procedures, represent annually the information on a status of constitutional lawfulness to the Chambers of of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 8) hear other cases relating to its competence in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 136 | Uzbekistan is a sovereign democratic, legal, social and secular state with a republican form of government. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
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