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| 1 | Under s 51(xxvi) of the Constitution, the Australian Parliament has the power to make laws with respect to “the people of any race for whom it is deemed necessary to make special laws.” This power might be used to create Indigenous quotas (unless this is seen by the High Court as inconsistent with the direction in ss 7 and 24 of the Constitution that Parliament be “directly chosen by the people”). This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 2 | Given the secrecy of the ballot, this may be a difficult onus to discharge in the case of people alleged to have voted who should not (or vice versa).23 The opposing approach is that once contraventions capable of affecting the result are established, the fair elections ideal requires the respondent candidates to disprove any reasonable doubt over their election. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 3 | But this would not be because the result can be shown to have been affected—there may be no way to discover how the people voted on the extra polling days—but because a deeper principle is involved. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 4 | A second issue, concerning practical access to the ballot, is the ability of homeless people to enroll. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 5 | Moreover, the traditional role of scrutineers, that is, those people nominated by candidates to watch the count to assist in ensuring a fair and accountable result, may need to be reconceived to adapt to changes in voting practices and the technology of the count. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 6 | The incidence of fraudulent enrolment, multiple voting, “cemetery voting” (i.e., people voting in the names of dead electors whose names are yet to be cleansed from the roll) and impersonation is a matter for conjecture. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 7 | 11 In paragraph 13, after sub-paragraph (1) insert— “(1ZZA) References in sub-paragraph (1)(b) to a registration officer’s registration duties include references to— (a) in the case of a registration officer in Great Britain, the officer’s functions— (i) under sections 13BD and 13BE, and (ii) in relation to applications under paragraph 3, 4 or 6 of Schedule 4 to the Representation of the people Act 2000, other than applications in relation to a local government election, or local government elections, in Scotland or Wales; (b) in the case of the Chief Electoral Officer for Northern Ireland, the Chief Electoral Officer’s functions— (i) under section 13C, and (ii) in relation to applications under section 6, 7 or 8 of the Representation of the people Act 1985.” Power to remove signature requirements 12 (1) The Secretary of State may by regulations— (a) amend Schedule 4 to the Representation of the people Act 2000 (absent voting in Great Britain) by removing any requirement for an application under paragraph 3, 4 or 7 of that Schedule, other than an excluded application, to contain the applicant’s signature; (b) amend section 6 or 7 of the Representation of the people Act 1985 (absent voting at parliamentary elections in Northern Ireland) by removing any requirement for an application under either of those sections to contain the applicant’s signature. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 8 | (2) Provision made under sub-paragraph (1) may include provision conferring functions on the Electoral Commission.” (3) In paragraph 4, after sub-paragraph (2) insert— “(3) Provision as to the manner in which renewal declarations (within the meaning given by section 1D(2) of the Representation of the People Act 1985) are to be transmitted to the registration officer.” Part 1—Minor and consequential amendments (4) In paragraph 5, after sub-paragraph (1A) insert— “(1AA) The provision that may be made under sub-paragraph (1A) includes provision authorising a registration officer, despite provision contained in regulations made by virtue of that sub-paragraph— (a) to require such other kind of evidence as the officer considers appropriate, or (b) to deem such other kind of evidence as the officer considers appropriate to be sufficient or conclusive evidence.” Representation of the people Act 1985 5 In section 12 of the Representation of the people Act 1985 (offences as to declarations)— (a) in subsection (1), for “an overseas elector’s declaration”, in both places, substitute “a relevant declaration”; (b) after subsection (1) insert— “(1A) In subsection (1) “relevant declaration” means— (a) an overseas elector’s declaration; (b) a renewal declaration (within the meaning given by section 1D(2)).” Finance Act 1996 6 In section 200 of the Finance Act 1996 (domicile for tax purposes of overseas electors), in subsection (3)(a), for “section 1(1)(a)” substitute “section 1(2)(a)”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 9 | (3) After sub-paragraph (5) insert— “(5A) References in this paragraph to a registration officer’s registration duties include references to— (a) in the case of a registration officer in Great Britain, the officer’s functions— (i) under sections 13BD and 13BE, and (ii) in relation to applications under paragraph 3, 4 or 6 of Schedule 4 to the Representation of the people Act 2000, other than applications in relation to a local government election, or local government elections, in Scotland or Wales; (b) in the case of the Chief Electoral Officer for Northern Ireland, the Chief Electoral Officer’s functions— (i) under section 13C, and (ii) in relation to applications under section 6, 7 or 8 of the Representation of the people Act 1985.” 4 (1) Paragraph 1A is amended as follows. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 10 | (7) In this paragraph— (a) “relevant absent voting application” means— (i) an application (including a partially completed application) under paragraph 3, 4 or 6 of Schedule 4 to the Representation of the people Act 2000, other than an application in relation to a local government election, or local government elections, in Scotland or Wales, or (ii) an application (including a partially completed application) under section 6, 7 or 8 of the Representation of the people Act 1985; (b) “relevant registration application” means an application (including a partially completed application) for registration in, or alteration of— (i) a register of parliamentary electors, or (ii) a register of local government electors in England, and includes a form (or partially completed form) in connection with a canvass under section 10; (c) “the UK digital service” means a digital service provided by a Minister of the Crown for the registration of electors, and the reference in sub-paragraph (1B) to an application submitted through the UK digital service is a reference to an application submitted using that service as an intermediary. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 11 | (2) Regulations under sub-paragraph (1) may in particular make provision— (a) amending or repealing section 10B of RPA 1983 or any other provision made by the Representation of the people Acts about unique reference numbers allocated under that section; (b) amending or repealing any provision made by the Elected Authorities (Northern Ireland) Act 1989 about such unique reference numbers; (c) changing how unique reference numbers are referred to in any provision made by the Representation of the people Acts or the Elected Authorities (Northern Ireland) Act 1989. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 12 | SCHEDULE 3 Section 3 RESTRICTION OF PERIOD FOR WHICH PERSON CAN APPLY FOR POSTAL VOTE Representation of the people Act 2000 1 Schedule 4 to the Representation of the people Act 2000 (absent voting in Great Britain) is amended as follows. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 13 | (2) Provision under sub-paragraph (1) may require a registration officer in Great Britain to provide information about whether the person has or will have an entry in a register of parliamentary electors maintained by the officer.” Representation of the people Act 1985 6 (1) Section 8 of the Representation of the people Act 1985 (proxies at parliamentary elections in Northern Ireland) is amended as follows. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 14 | (5B) Where the polls for two or more parliamentary elections are held on the same day, references in subsection (5A) to a parliamentary election are to all of those elections taken together.” (5) After subsection (7) insert— “(7A) The requirements prescribed under subsections (6) and (7) must include a requirement for an application to contain the proxy’s date of birth.” Representation of the people Act 2000 7 (1) Paragraph 6 of Schedule 4 to the Representation of the people Act 2000 (proxies at parliamentary elections and local government elections in Great Britain) is amended as follows. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 15 | Local Government Act (Northern Ireland) 1972 3 In section 4 of the Local Government Act (Northern Ireland) 1972 (disqualifications), in subsection (1), after paragraph (e) insert— “(ea) the person is incapable of being elected to or holding— (i) the office of member of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having been reported personally guilty or convicted of a corrupt Schedule 5—Undue influence: further provision practice under section 114A of the Representation of the people Act 1983, article 69 of the Police and Crime Commissioner Elections Order 2012 or regulation 136 of the Recall of MPs Act 2015 (Recall Petition) Regulations 2016 (undue influence); (ii) the office of member of the Northern Ireland Assembly having been reported personally guilty or convicted of a corrupt practice under section 114A of the Representation of the people Act 1983 (as applied by Schedule 1 to the Northern Ireland Assembly (Elections) Order 2001) (undue influence); or”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 16 | 42 In the entry for rule 37 (voting procedure), before the paragraph beginning “In paragraph (1E)(b)” insert— “In paragraph (1DC), for sub-paragraph (b) substitute— “(b) where the voter is registered in a register of local government electors in Great Britain and does not also fall within sub-paragraph (a), paragraph 9(1) of Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Local Elections (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 or section 8 ( 7 ) o f t h e Representation of the People Act 1985.”” Part 2—Elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly 43 Against the entry for rule 38 (votes marked by presiding officer), after the paragraph beginning “In paragraph (1)” insert— “In paragraph (1A), for “vote to be marked on a ballot paper” substitute “ballot paper to be marked”.” 44 In the table, after the entry for rule 53A of Schedule 1 to RPA 1983 insert— “Rule 53B (destruction of date of birth lists)” 45 In the entry for section 8 of the Representation of the people Act 1985 (proxies at elections), in the right-hand column— (a) before the entry relating to subsection (3)(b) of that section insert— “In subsection (2A), for “register of parliamentary electors in Great Britain or Northern Ireland” substitute “register of local government electors in Great Britain or a register of local electors in Northern Ireland”; (b) after the entry relating to subsection (6) of that section insert— “In subsection (7A), for “subsections (6) and” substitute “subsection”.” 46 In the Annex, in the form of declaration to be made by the companion of a voter with disabilities— (a) in the section of the form beginning “I have been requested”, for the words from “I am entitled” to “does not apply” substitute “I am aged 18 or over”; (b) in the section of the form beginning “NOTE”, after “any person” insert “except the elector to whom assistance is being provided”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 17 | PART 2 TRANSITIONAL PROVISION Interpretation of Part 12 In this Part— “the commencement date” means the date appointed for section 14 to come fully into force; “overseas elector’s declaration” has the meaning given by section 2(1) of RPA 1985 (as that provision had effect immediately before the commencement date); “RPA 1985” means the Representation of the people Act 1985; “RPA 2000” means the Representation of the people Act 2000. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 18 | (2) In this paragraph— “the overseas elector franchise” means the basis on which a person is entitled to vote as an elector at parliamentary elections in accordance with section 1 of RPA 1985; “qualifying people” means people who may, on or after the commencement date, be entitled to vote as electors at parliamentary elections in accordance with section 1 of RPA 1985. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 19 | (4) The Secretary of State may use information held by, or provided to, the Secretary of State for the purpose of identifying people who are, or are likely to be, qualifying people. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 20 | Local Government Act 1972 3 In section 79 of the Local Government Act 1972 (qualifications for election and holding office as member of local authority), as it extends to England and Wales and applies in relation to England— (a) in subsection (1), for “a relevant citizen of the Union” substitute “, in the case of a local authority in England, a qualifying EU citizen or an EU citizen with retained rights”; (b) for subsection (2A) substitute— “(2A) In this section “qualifying EU citizen” and “EU citizen with retained rights” have the same meaning as in the Representation of the people Act 1983 (see sections 203A and 203B of that Act).” Greater London Authority Act 1999 4 In section 20 of the Greater London Authority Act 1999 (qualification to be the Mayor or an Assembly member)— (a) in subsection (2)(c), for “relevant citizen of the Union” substitute “qualifying EU citizen or an EU citizen with retained rights”; Part 2—Amendments in relation to certain local elections in England and Wales (b) in subsection (8)— (i) omit the definitions of “citizen of the Union” and “relevant citizen of the Union”; (ii) in subsection (8), at the appropriate place insert— ““qualifying EU citizen” and “EU citizen with retained rights” have the same meaning as in the Representation of the people Act 1983 (see sections 203A and 203B of that Act);”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 21 | 37) 55 Information in Commission’s annual report 56 Notices 57 Proceedings for an offence under this Part 58 Offences committed by bodies corporate 59 Offences committed by unincorporated associations etc 60 Regulations under this Part 61 Meaning of “the Commission” PART 7 GENERAL 62 Review of operation of Act 63 Power to amend references to subordinate legislation etc 64 Financial provisions 65 Interpretation etc 66 Extent 67 Commencement 68 Short title Schedule 1 — Voter identification Schedule 2 — Power to make regulations about registration, absent voting and other matters Schedule 3 — Restriction of period for which person can apply for postal vote Schedule 4 — Proxy voting: limits and transitional provision Schedule 5 — Undue influence: further provision Schedule 6 — Local elections in Northern Ireland and elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly Part 1 — Local elections in Northern Ireland Part 2 — Elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly Schedule 7 — Overseas electors Part 1 — Minor and consequential amendments Part 2 — Transitional provision Schedule 8 — Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens Part 1 — Amendments to the Representation of the people Act 1983 Part 2 — Amendments in relation to certain local elections in England and Wales Part 3 — Amendments in relation to certain elections in Northern Ireland Part 4 — Transitional provision etc Schedule 9 — Offences for purposes of Part 5 Part 1 — Common law offences Part 2 — Statutory offences Part 3 — Inchoate offences Schedule 10 — Disqualification orders: minor and consequential amendments Schedule 11 — Illegal practices Schedule 12 — Supply of information etc ELIZABETH II c. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 22 | (11) For the purposes of subsection (3)(a), two people living together as if they were a married couple or civil partners are treated as if they were spouses or civil partners of each other.” (3) In section 160 (persons reported personally guilty of corrupt or illegal practices), in subsection (4A) for “or 62B” substitute “, 62B or 112A”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 23 | (2AB) The report must include a description of the steps taken by returning officers to assist relevant persons (within the meaning of rule 29 of Schedule 1 to the Representation of the people Act 1983) to vote at the election.” Nomination of candidates at parliamentary elections 10 Candidate nomination paper: commonly used names (1) Schedule 1 to RPA 1983 (Parliamentary elections rules) is amended as follows. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 24 | PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas (1) For sections 1 and 2 of the Representation of the people Act 1985 substitute— “1 Extension of parliamentary franchise (1) A person is entitled to vote as an elector at a parliamentary election in a constituency if— (a) on the declaration date, the person— (i) qualifies as an overseas elector in respect of that constituency (see section 1A), (ii) is not subject to any legal incapacity to vote (age apart), and (iii) is a British citizen, and (b) on the date of the poll, the person— (i) is not subject to any legal incapacity to vote, (ii) is a British citizen, and (iii) is registered in a register of parliamentary electors for that constituency. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 25 | (6) An unincorporated association has “the requisite UK connection” if it consists of two or more persons both or all of whom are registered in a register of parliamentary electors in pursuance of a declaration made under and in accordance with section 1C of the Representation of the people Act 1985 (overseas elector’s declaration). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 26 | (7) In this section— “register of parliamentary electors” means a register of parliamentary electors maintained under section 9 of the Representation of the people Act 1983; “reserved regulated period” means a period in relation to which any limit is imposed by paragraph 3, 7, 9, 10 or 11 of Schedule 10 (periods involving parliamentary general elections or general elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly).” (2) In Schedule 20 to PPERA (penalties), at the appropriate place in the table insert— “Section 89A(4) or (5) (incurring On summary conviction in England and controlled expenditure in Wales: fine contravention of section 89A(1)) On summary conviction in Scotland or Northern Ireland: statutory maximum On indictment: fine”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 27 | Members of the Senate shall be elected in equal numbers — six people from each - the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regions and the city of Tashkent. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 28 | (8) If, at or before the commencement of the Constitution Alteration (Senate Casual Vacancies) 1977, a law to alter the Constitution entitled "Constitution Alteration (Simultaneous Elections) 1977" came into operation, a senator holding office at the commencement of that law who was chosen by the House or Houses of Parliament of a State in consequence of a vacancy that had at any time occurred in the place of a Senator chosen by the people of the State shall be deemed to have been chosen to hold office (a) if the senator elected by the people of the State had a term of service expiring on the thirtieth day of June, One thousand nine hundred and seventy eight until the expiration or dissolution of the first House of Representatives to expire or be dissolved after that law came into operation; or (b) if the senator elected by the people of the State had a term of service expiring on the thirtieth day of June, One thousand nine hundred and eighty one until the expiration or dissolution of the second House of Representatives to expire or be dissolved after that law came into operation or, if there is an earlier dissolution of the Senate, until that dissolution. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 29 | (2) The number of members chosen in the several States shall be in proportion to the respective numbers of their people, and shall, until the Parliament otherwise provides, be determined, whenever necessary, in the following manner: (i) A quota shall be ascertained by dividing the number of the people of the Commonwealth, as shown by the latest statistics of the Commonwealth, by twice the number the senators: (ii) The number of members to be chosen in each State shall be determined by dividing the number of the people of the State, as shown by the latest statistics of the Commonwealth, by the quota; and if on such division there is a remainder greater than one half of the quota, one more member shall be chosen in the State. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 30 | (5) If the place of a senator chosen by the people of a State at the election of senators last held before the commencement of the Constitution Alteration (Senate Casual] Vacancies) 1977 became vacant before that commencement and, at the commencement, no person chosen by the House or Houses of Parliament of the State, or appointed by the Governor of the State, in consequence of that vacancy or in consequence of that vacancy and a subsequent vacancy or vacancies, held office, this section applies as if the place of the senator chosen by the people of the State had become vacant after that commencement. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 31 | (6) A senator holding office at the commencement of the Constitution Alteration (Senate Casual Vacancies) 1977, being a senator appointed by the Governor of a State in consequence of a vacancy that had at any time occurred in the place of a senator chosen by the people of the State, shall be deemed to have been appointed to hold the place until the expiration of fourteen days after the beginning of the next session of the Parliament of the State that commenced or commences after he was appointed and further action under this section shall be taken as if the vacancy in the place of the senator chosen by the people of the State had occurred after that commencement. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 32 | (7) Subject to the next succeeding paragraph, a senator holding office at the commencement of the Constitution Alteration (Senate Casual Vacancies) 1977 who was chosen by the House or Houses of Parliament of a State in consequence of vacancy that had at any time occurred in the place of a senator chosen by the people of the State shall he deemed to have been chosen to hold office until the expiration of the term of service of the senator elected by the people of the State. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 33 | Part II The Senate Section 7 [Senators] (1) The Senate shall be composed of senators for each State, directly chosen by the people of the State, voting, until the Parliament otherwise provides, as one electorate. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 34 | (2) Where a vacancy has at any time occurred in the place of a senator chosen by the people of a State and at the time when he was so chosen, he was publicly recognized by a particular political party as being an endorsed candidate of that party and publicly represented himself to be such a candidate, a person chosen or appointed under this section in consequence of that vacancy, or in consequence of that vacancy and a subsequent vacancy or vacancies, shall, unless there is no member of that party available to be chosen or appointed, be a member of that party. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 35 | Part III The House of Representatives Section 24 [Number of Representatives] (1) The House of Representatives shall be composed of members directly chosen by the people of the Commonwealth, and the number of such members shall be, as nearly as practicable, twice the number of the senators. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 36 | Section 25 [Disqualification by Race] For the purposes of the last section, if by the law of any State all persons of any race are disqualified from voting at elections for the more numerous House of the Parliament of the State, then, in reckoning the number of the people of the State or of the Commonwealth, persons of that race resident in that State shall not be counted. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 37 | Part V Powers of the Parliament Section 51 [Legislative Competencies] The Parliament shall, subject to this Constitution, have power to make laws for the peace, order and good government of the Commonwealth with respect to: (i) Trade and commerce with other countries, and among the States; (ii) Taxation; but so as not to discriminate between States or parts of States; (iii) Bounties on the production or export of goods, but so that such bounties shall be uniform throughout the Commonwealth; (iv) Borrowing money on the public credit of the Commonwealth; (v) Postal, telegraphic, telephonic, and other like services; (vi) The naval and military defence of the Commonwealth and of the several States, and the control of the forces to execute and maintain the laws of the Commonwealth; (vii) Lighthouses, lightships, beacons and buoys; (viii) Astronomical and meteorological observations; (ix) Quarantine; (x) Fisheries in Australian waters beyond territorial limits; (xi) Census and statistics; (xii) Currency, coinage, and legal tender; (xiii) Banking, other than State banking; also State banking extending beyond the limits of the State concerned, the incorporation of banks, and the issue of paper money; (xiv) Insurance, other than State insurance; also State insurance extending beyond the limits of the State concerned; (xv) Weights and measures; (xvi) Bills of exchange and promissory notes; (xvii) Bankruptcy and insolvency; (xviii) Copyrights, patents of inventions and designs, and trade marks; (xiv) Naturalization and aliens; (xx) Foreign corporations, and trading or financial corporations formed within the limits of the Commonwealth; (xxi) Marriage; (xxii) Divorce and matrimonial causes; and in relation thereto, parental rights, and the custody and guardianship of infants; (xviii) Invalid and old age pensions; (xxiiiA) The provision of maternity allowances, widows' pensions, child endowment, unemployment, pharmaceutical, sickness and hospital benefits, medical and dental services (but not so as to authorize any form of civil conscription), benefits to students and family allowances; (xxiv) The service and execution throughout the Commonwealth of the civil and criminal process and the judgments of the courts of the States; (xxv) The recognition throughout the Commonwealth of the laws, the public Acts and records, and the judicial proceedings of the States; (xxvi) The people of any race for whom it is deemed necessary to make special laws; (xxvii) Immigration and emigration; (xxviii) The influx of criminals; (xxix) External affairs; (xxx) The relations of the Commonwealth with the islands of the Pacific; (xxxi) The acquisition of property on just terms from any State or person for any purpose in respect of which the Parliament has power to make laws; (xxxii) The control of railways with respect to transport for the naval and military purposes of the Commonwealth; (xxxiii) The acquisition, with the consent of a State, of any railways of the State on terms arranged between the Commonwealth and the State; (xxxiv) Railway construction and extension in any State with the consent of that State; (xxxv) Conciliation and arbitration for the prevention and settlement of industrial disputes extending beyond the limits of any one State; (xxxvi) Matters in respect of which this Constitution makes provision until the Parliament otherwise provides; (xxxvii) Matters referred to the Parliament of the Commonwealth by the Parliament or Parliaments of any State or States, but so that the law shall extend only to States by whose Parliaments the matter is referred, or which afterwards adopt the law; (xxxviii) The exercise within the Commonwealth, at the request or with the concurrence of the Parliaments of all the States directly concerned, of any power which can at the establishment of this Constitution be exercised only by the Parliament of the United Kingdom or by the Federal Council of Australasia; (xxxix) Matters incidental to the execution of any power vested by this Constitution in the Parliament or in either House thereof, or in the Government of the Commonwealth, or in the Federal judicature, or in any department or officer of the Commonwealth. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 38 | (ii) The Commonwealth shall debit to each State (a) The expenditure therein of the Commonwealth incurred solely for the maintenance or continuance, as at the time of transfer, of any department transferred from the State to the Commonwealth; (b) The proportion of the State, according to the number of its people in the other expenditure of the Commonwealth. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 39 | Section 105 [Consolidation of State Debts] The Parliament may take over from the States their public debts, or a proportion thereof according to the respective numbers of their people as shown by the latest statistics of the Commonwealth, and may convert, renew, or consolidate such debts, or any part thereof; and the States shall indemnify the Commonwealth in respect of the debts taken over, and thereafter the interest payable in respect of the debts shall be deducted and retained from the portions of the surplus revenue of the Commonwealth payable to the several States, or if such surplus is insufficient, or if there is no surplus, then the deficiency or the whole amount shall be paid by the several States. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 40 | There are more than 350 victim support schemes with over 6,000 trained volunteers which help well over 500,000 people a year. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 41 | (5) Life Sentence Prisoners: people serving life sentences for the murder of police and prison officers, terrorist murders, murder by firearms in the course of crime or the sexual or sadistic murder of children are normally detained for at least 20 years. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 42 | (2) Legal aid schemes help people with limited resources to meet the cost of work done by a lawyer. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 43 | (3) Consultation: Solicitors are available on a 2 hour basis to offer free legal advice for people being questioned at police stations. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 44 | (7) Bail: Most accused people are released on bail pending trial. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 45 | (1) The common law allows people to speak and act in their own homes as they please and to carry on their daily business, provided that they do not infringe the rights of others or commit an offence. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 46 | (4) British broadcasting is based on the tradition that it is a public service accountable to the people through Parliament. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 47 | (3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 48 | (4) Britain is a parliamentary democracy, the Government being responsible to the people through the elected House of Commons, which has the power to force a government to resign on a vote of no-confidence. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 49 | (5) Under recent legislation people are not extradited to face trial or imprisonment if they face persecution on grounds of race, religion, nationality or political opinion. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 50 | In April 1990 legislation was passed to give British citizenship to 50,000 key people in Hong Kong and their dependents without their having to leave the territory to qualify. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 51 | Its purpose is to persuade these people - selected under a points system - to remain in Hong Kong so that the territory can remain stable and prosperous up to the change to Chinese sovereignty in 1997 and beyond. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 52 | (5) The Employment Service, an executive agency of the Department of Employment, helps unemployed people to find work through its job placement and other services and pays benefits and allowances to those entitled to them. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 53 | (9) people may join trade unions, which have members in virtually every occupation and some 10 million members in all. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 54 | Patients pay charges for prescriptions although in practice some 75 per cent are supplied free, since charges do not apply to people on low incomes, children, expectant mothers, pensioners and other groups. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 55 | Some 7,5 million people are covered by private medical insurance. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 56 | (7) The social security system aims to provide financial help to people who are elderly, sick, disabled, unemployed, widowed or bringing up children. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 57 | Another part of the system consists of non-contributory benefits such as child benefit paid for every child in a family and a range of benefits for severely disabled people and those looking after them. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 58 | (14) Local government authorities have a statutory duty to ensure that accommodation is provided for people who are or are about to become unintentionally homeless. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 59 | Voting is not compulsory; 76.9 per cent of a total electorate of 43.3 million people voted in the general election in April 1992. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 60 | United States – Constitution • Preamble • Article I [Legislature] • Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] • Section 2 [House of Representatives] • Section 3 [Senate] • Section 4 [Elections of Senators and Representatives] • Section 5 [Rules of House and Senate] • Section 6 [Compensation and Privileges] • Section 7 [Bills] • Section 8 [Legislative Power] • Section 9 [Limits on Legislative Power] • Section 10 [Limits on States] • Article II [Presidency] • Section 1 [Election, Removal] • Section 2 [Presidential Powers] • Section 3 [Presidential Rights and Duties] • Section 4 [Impeachment] • Article III [Judiciary] • Section 1 [Judicial Power] • Section 2 [Scope of Judicial Power] • Section 3 [Treason] • Article IV [States] • Section 1 [Faith and Credit] • Section 2 [Privileges and Immunities, Extradiction, Fugitive Slaves] • Section 3 [Admission of States] • Section 4 [Guarantees to States] • Article V [Amendment Proceedings] • Article V [Amendment Proceedings] • Article VI [Constitutional Status] • Article VII [Ratification] { Adopted on: 17 Sep 1787 } { Effective since: 4 March 1789 } { ICL Document Status: 1994 } Preamble We, the people of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 61 | Section 2 [House of Representatives] (1) The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the people of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 62 | • Amendment I [1791 - Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, Petition] • Amendment II [1791 - Right to Bear Arms] • Amendment III [1791 - Quartering of Troops] • Amendment IV [1791 - Search and Seizure] • Amendment V [1791 - Grand Jury, Double Jeopardy, Self-Incrimination, Due Process] • Amendment VI [1791 - Criminal Prosecution] • Amendment VII [1791 - Common Law Suits] • Amendment VIII [1791 - Excess Bail or Fines, Cruel and Unusual Punishment] • Amendment IX [1791 - Non-Enumerative Rights] • Amendment X [1791 - Rights Reserved to States] • Amendment XI [1798 - Suits Against a State] • Amendment XI [1798 - Suits Against a State] • Amendment XII [1804 - Presidential Elections] • Amendment XIII [1865 - Abolition of Slavery] • Section 1 [Abolition Clause] • Section 2 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XIV [1868 - Privileges and Immunities, Due Process, Equal Protection] • Section 1 [Privileges and Immunities, Due Process, Equal Protection] • Section 2 [Apportionment of Representatives] • Section 3 [Civil War Disqualification] • Section 4 [Public Debt] • Section 5 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XV [1870 - Electoral Race Equality] • Section 1 [Right to Vote] • Section 2 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XVI [1913 - Income Tax] • Amendment XVI [1913 - Income Tax] • Amendment XVII [1913 - Election of Senators] • Amendment XVIII [1919 - Prohibition] • Section 1 [Prohibition] • Section 2 [Congressional and State Power] • Section 3 [Amendment Procedure] • Amendment XIX [1920 - Electoral Gender Equality] • Amendment XIX [1920 - Electoral Gender Equality] • Amendment XX [1933 - Presidential Office and Congress] • Section 1 [Terms] • Section 2 [Congressional Sessions] • Section 3 [Presidential Succession] • Section 4 [Congressional Succession] • Section 5 [Enforcement] • Section 6 [Amendment Procedure] • Amendment XXI [1933 - Repeal of Prohibition] • Section 1 [Repeal] • Section 2 [State Prohibition] • Section 3 [Amendment Procedure] • Amendment XXII [1951 - Presidential Two Term Limit] • Section 1 [Term Limit] • Section 2 [Amendment Procedure] • Amendment XXIII [1961 - Presidential Vote in D.C.] • Section 1 [Vote] • Section 2 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XXIV [1964 - Poll Tax] • Section 1 [Tax] • Section 2 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XXV [1967 - Presidential Succession] • Section 1 [Vice President] • Section 2 [Vice President Replacement] • Section 3 [Vice President as Acting President] • Section 4 [Vice President as Acting President] • Amendment XXVI [1971 - Maturity Age for Elections] • Section 1 [Vote at 18] • Section 2 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XXVII [1992 - Compensation of Members of Congress] • Amendment XXVII [1992 - Compensation of Members of Congress] Amendment I [1791 - Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, Petition] Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion , or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech , or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 63 | Amendment II [1791 - Right to Bear Arms] A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 64 | Amendment IV [1791 - Search and Seizure] The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 65 | Amendment XVII [1913 - Election of Senators] (1) The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 66 | (2) When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 67 | The state shall express the will of the people and serve their interests. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 68 | The people are the sole source of state power. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 69 | State power in the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be exercised in the interests of the people and solely by the bodies empowered by the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the laws passed on its basis. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 70 | All citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan, regardless of their nationality, constitute the people of Uzbekistan. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 71 | No part of society, political party, public association, movement, or individual shall have the right to act on behalf of the people of Uzbekistan. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 72 | It is the duty of citizens to protect the historical, spiritual and cultural scientific and natural heritage of the people of Uzbekistan. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 73 | Marriage shall be based on the traditional family values of the people of Uzbekistan, the free consent and equality of those entering into marriage. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 74 | The State and society shall attend to fostering in children and young people a commitment to national and universal human values, pride in the country and the rich cultural heritage of the nation, a sense of patriotism and love of the Motherland. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 75 | The Republic of Karakalpakstan shall have the right to secede from the Republic of Uzbekistan on the basis of a nation-wide referendum held by the people of Karakalpakstan. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 76 | The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be regarded as having assumed office upon taking an oath of the following content at sitting of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan: “I do solemnly swear to faithfully serve the people of Uzbekistan, to strictly follow the Constitution and laws of the Republic, to guarantee the rights and freedoms of its citizens, and to conscientiously perform the duties vested on the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.” Article 109. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 77 | The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall: 1) guarantee observance of rights and freedoms of citizens, the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, sovereignty, security and territorial integrity of the Republic of Uzbekistan, implementation of decisions regarding its national-state structure; 2) represent the Republic of Uzbekistan within the country and in international relations; 3) conduct negotiations and sign treaties and agreements of the Republic of Uzbekistan, ensure the observance of the negotiated by the Republic treaties, agreements and the assumed by it obligations; 4) receive letters of credence and recall from diplomatic and other representatives accredited to him; 5) present to the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan nominees for appointment heads of diplomatic and other representative offices of the Republic of Uzbekistan to foreign states and with international organizations; 6) have the right to address the people and the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan on major matters of realizing home and foreign policies of the country; 7) form and abolish ministries and other republican bodies of executive authority with subsequent submission of decrees on these matters for approval by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 8) represent to the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan a nominee for the election on the post of the Chairperson of the Senate; 9) appoint, with the approval of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis, the Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the members of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan and dismisses them from their posts; 10) appoint and dismiss heads of committees, agencies and other republican state bodies in accordance with the legislation; 11) appoint and dismiss the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Chairperson of the Chamber of Accounts of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the approval of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 12) appoint, after consultation with the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Chairperson of the State Security Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and dismisses him from his post; 13) present candidates to the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as for the posts of Chairperson of the Board of the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan, head of the republican body to counteract corruption and head of the republican anti-monopoly body; 14) appoint and dismiss, upon the submission of the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Chairpersons and deputy Chairpersons of courts in regions and the city of Tashkent, the Chairperson of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan; approve members of the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 15) appoint and relieve, upon the submission of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan, khokims of districts and cities of their posts in accordance with law. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
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