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USA Electoral Law
USA Electoral Law
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| 1 | As a result, any push for significant electoral reform in Australia must inevitably come from a reforming government’s agenda; but this in turn excludes the likelihood of reform that does not suit the interests of the dominant party. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 2 | Even then, full equality at Commonwealth elections did not eventuate until 1983, when enrolment for and voting in Commonwealth elections were made compulsory for Aboriginal, as it already was for other Australians. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 3 | The way forward in comparative electoral law may well be through international focus groups working on and sharing ideas, models and information in particular areas of regulation, for example campaign finance. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 4 | The Court’s reasoning is unfortunate because it opens the way, at least in South Australia, for every election result to be petitioned on the basis of misleading statements, possibly taken out of the context, made during an election campaign. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 5 | Electoral petitioning by political parties has admittedly become less common in recent years, as the major parties have come to recognize the potential for voter backlash against being forced back to the polls. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 6 | Universal adult suffrage was achieved for most Australians several generations ago—though Indigenous Australians were less fortunate. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 7 | Until then, it remains ironic that some libertarian minded Australians prefer to go to jail, for a symbolic period, rather than be compelled to vote, whereas a significant number of prisoners want to vote, but are unable to, despite the electoral commissions employing mobile polling booths in prison for those inmates who are entitled to vote. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 8 | However it bowed before the inquiry’s recommendation of a curious, hybrid system, largely based on “one-vote, one-value,” but with a dispensation for electorates greater than 100,000 km2 in area. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 9 | However, as Malcolm Mackerras argues, the Senate voting system is really only “semi-proportional” since minor parties must poll a significant primary vote to achieve the 14% quota for a normal half-Senate election, and usually only one seat per state is “up for grabs.” Increasing the number of Senators to be returned would decrease the quota, and in the long-run favor minor parties. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 10 | On the grounds of maximizing voter choice alone, however, optional preferential voting seems a desirable reform, and for that reason has been adopted in two states, Queensland and New South Wales. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 11 | The amount for federal elections stood at just under A$1.87 (,US$1.12) per vote, for the first half of 2003. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 12 | (Tagging remains useful, however, as a means of tracing formal responsibility for the occasional material whose electoral content is unlawful). This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 13 | INSTITUTIONALIZING GOOD ADMINISTRATION AND LAW REFORM Commission independence and accountability Ultimately, the most important institutional measure in Australia for achieving free, efficient and reliable elections is ensuring electoral authority independence. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 14 | The issue for the Australian Electoral Commission in the 21st century is the potential for Australia to provide export or aid-oriented services in electoral design and administration. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 15 | This article began as an issues paper for our Electoral Law Research project, and was tabled at the Electoral Law Conference, Sydney, 5–6 December 2002. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 16 | Thanks to Tracey Stevens for her research assistance. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 17 | Our concern is with electoral law proper and we leave boundary questions about the nature of parliamentary democracy, such as the length and flexibility of parliamentary terms and qualifications for election, to the broader field of constitutional law. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 18 | In contrast to the United States Supreme Court, for example, the High Court of Australia plays an infrequent (and even then often minor) role in the development of electoral law. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 19 | A central reason for this is the lack of a Bill of Rights at any level of government in Australia. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 20 | The ban was inspired by and based on the United Kingdom model where political advertising during election campaigns was banned and political parties were provided with regulated free television and radio airtime for policy statements. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 21 | (2) After subsection (1) insert— “(1A) A person (“P”) is guilty of an offence if P applies for the appointment of a proxy to vote for P— (a) at a parliamentary election, where P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at that election, or at parliamentary elections, for four or more other electors; (b) at a parliamentary election where— (i) P is or will be registered in a register of parliamentary electors otherwise than in pursuance of an overseas elector’s declaration or a service declaration, and (ii) P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at that election, or at parliamentary elections, for two or more other electors none of whom is registered in a register of parliamentary electors in pursuance of an overseas elector’s declaration or a service declaration; (c) at a local government election in England, where P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at that election, or at local government elections in England, for four or more other electors; (d) at a local government election in England where— (i) P is or will be registered in a register of local government electors in England otherwise than in pursuance of a service declaration, and (ii) P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at that election, or at local government elections in England, for two or more other electors none of whom is registered in a register of local government electors in England in pursuance of a service declaration; (e) at parliamentary elections, where P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at a parliamentary election, or at parliamentary elections, for four or more other electors; (f) at parliamentary elections where— (i) P is or will be registered in a register of parliamentary electors otherwise than in pursuance of an overseas elector’s declaration or a service declaration, and (ii) P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at a parliamentary election, or at parliamentary elections, for two or more other electors none of whom is registered in a register of parliamentary electors in pursuance of an overseas elector’s declaration or a service declaration; (g) at local government elections in England, where P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at a local government election in England, or at local government elections in England, for four or more other electors; (h) at local government elections in England, where— (i) P is or will be registered in a register of local government electors in England otherwise than in pursuance of a service declaration, and (ii) P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote, at a local government election in England, or at local government elections in England, for two or more other electors none of whom is registered in a register of local government electors in England in pursuance of a service declaration.” (3) After subsection (3A) insert— “(3B) A person (“P”) is also guilty of an offence if P votes as proxy— (a) for more than four electors— (i) at a parliamentary election; (ii) where the polls for two or more parliamentary elections are held on the same day, at those elections taken together; (iii) at a local government election in England; (iv) where the polls for two or more local government elections in England are held on the same day, at those elections taken together; (b) for more than two electors— (i) at a parliamentary election, or (ii) where the polls for two or more parliamentary elections are held on the same day, at those elections taken together, where P knows that more than two of those electors are registered in a register of parliamentary electors otherwise than in pursuance of an overseas elector’s declaration or a service declaration; (c) for more than two electors— (i) at a local government election in England, or (ii) where the polls for two or more local government elections in England are held on the same day, at those elections taken together, where P knows that more than two of those electors are registered in a register of local government electors otherwise than in pursuance of a service declaration.” (4) In subsection (4)— (a) omit “at a parliamentary election in any constituency or”; (b) after “any electoral area” insert “in Wales or Scotland”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 22 | 42 In the entry for rule 37 (voting procedure), before the paragraph beginning “In paragraph (1E)(b)” insert— “In paragraph (1DC), for sub-paragraph (b) substitute— “(b) where the voter is registered in a register of local government electors in Great Britain and does not also fall within sub-paragraph (a), paragraph 9(1) of Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Local Elections (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 or section 8 ( 7 ) o f t h e Representation of the People Act 1985.”” Part 2—Elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly 43 Against the entry for rule 38 (votes marked by presiding officer), after the paragraph beginning “In paragraph (1)” insert— “In paragraph (1A), for “vote to be marked on a ballot paper” substitute “ballot paper to be marked”.” 44 In the table, after the entry for rule 53A of Schedule 1 to RPA 1983 insert— “Rule 53B (destruction of date of birth lists)” 45 In the entry for section 8 of the Representation of the People Act 1985 (proxies at elections), in the right-hand column— (a) before the entry relating to subsection (3)(b) of that section insert— “In subsection (2A), for “register of parliamentary electors in Great Britain or Northern Ireland” substitute “register of local government electors in Great Britain or a register of local electors in Northern Ireland”; (b) after the entry relating to subsection (6) of that section insert— “In subsection (7A), for “subsections (6) and” substitute “subsection”.” 46 In the Annex, in the form of declaration to be made by the companion of a voter with disabilities— (a) in the section of the form beginning “I have been requested”, for the words from “I am entitled” to “does not apply” substitute “I am aged 18 or over”; (b) in the section of the form beginning “NOTE”, after “any person” insert “except the elector to whom assistance is being provided”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 23 | (2) After subsection (3) insert— “(3A) No person may— (a) except for some purpose authorised by law, obtain or attempt to obtain information, or communicate at any time to any other person any information, as to the number or other unique identifying mark on the back of a ballot paper sent to a person for voting by post at a relevant election; (b) except for some purpose authorised by law, obtain or attempt to obtain information, or communicate at any time to any other person any information, as to the official mark on a ballot paper sent to a person for voting by post at a relevant election; (c) obtain or attempt to obtain information, in the circumstances mentioned in subsection (3B), as to the candidate for whom a person voting by post at a relevant election (“V”) is about to vote or has voted; (d) communicate at any time to any other person information obtained in contravention of paragraph (c). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 24 | (2) After sub-paragraph (1) insert— “(1A) A person (“P”) is guilty of an illegal practice if P applies for the appointment of a proxy to vote for P— (a) at a local election, where P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at that election, or at local elections, for four or more other electors; (b) at a local election where— (i) P is or will be registered in the register of local electors otherwise than by virtue of a service qualification, and (ii) P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at that election, or at local elections, for two or more other electors none of whom is registered in a register of local electors by virtue of a service qualification; (c) at local elections, where P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at a local election, or at local elections, for four or more other electors; (d) at local elections, where— (i) P is or will be registered in the register of local electors otherwise than by virtue of a service qualification, and (ii) P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at a local election, or at local elections, for two or more other electors none of whom is registered in a register of local electors by virtue of a service qualification.” (3) for sub-paragraph (4) substitute— “(4) A person is also guilty of an illegal practice if the person votes as proxy— (a) for more than four electors— (i) at a local election, or (ii) where the polls for two or more local elections are held on the same day, at those elections taken together; (b) for more than two electors— (i) at a local election, or (ii) where the polls for two or more local elections are held on the same day, at those elections taken together, where the person knows that more than two of those electors are registered in a register of local electors otherwise than by virtue of a service qualification.” (4) In sub-paragraph (6), after “deemed to have voted” insert “(but see sub-paragraph (6A))”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 25 | (3) After sub-paragraph (3) insert— “(3A) A person is guilty of an electoral offence if the person— (a) except for some purpose authorised by law, obtains or attempts to obtain information, or communicates at any time to any other person any information, as to the number or other unique identifying mark on the back of a ballot paper sent to a person for voting by post at a local election; (b) except for some purpose authorised by law, obtains or attempts to obtain information, or communicates at any time to any other person any information, as to the official mark on a ballot paper sent to a person for voting by post at a local election; (c) obtains or attempts to obtain information, in the circumstances mentioned in sub-paragraph (3B), as to the candidate for whom a person voting by post at a local election (“V”) is about to vote or has voted; or (d) communicates at any time to any other person information obtained in contravention of paragraph (c). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 26 | (3F) A person voting as proxy for an elector at a local election is guilty of an electoral offence if the person— (a) communicates at any time to any person other than that elector any information as to the candidate for whom the person is about to vote, or has voted, as proxy for that elector; or (b) except for some purpose authorised by law, communicates at any time to any person other than that elector any information as to the number or other unique identifying mark on the back of a ballot paper sent or delivered to the person for voting as proxy for that elector.” (4) After sub-paragraph (4) insert— “(5) A person who has undertaken to assist a relevant voter to vote at a local election is guilty of an electoral offence if the person communicates at any time to any person except that voter any information as to— (a) the candidate for whom the voter intends to vote or has voted, or (b) the number or other unique identifying mark on the back of the ballot paper given for the use of the voter. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 27 | (3F) A person voting as proxy for an elector at a relevant election— (a) must not communicate at any time to any person other than that elector any information as to the candidate for whom the person is about to vote, or has voted, as proxy for that elector; (b) except for some purpose authorised by law, must not communicate at any time to any person other than that elector the number or other unique identifying mark on the back of a ballot paper sent or delivered to the person for voting as proxy for that elector.” (3) After subsection (4) insert— “(4A) No person having undertaken to assist a relevant voter to vote at a relevant election may communicate at any time to any person except that voter any information as to— (a) the candidate for whom the voter intends to vote or has voted, or (b) the number or other unique identifying mark on the back of the ballot paper given for the use of the voter. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 28 | 21 In form 1 in the Appendix of Forms (form of nomination paper), for note 3 substitute— “3 Where a candidate commonly uses a name or names— (a) that are different from the candidate’s full names as stated on the nomination paper, or (b) in a different way from the candidate’s full names as stated on the nomination paper, the commonly used name or names may also appear on the nomination paper; but if they do so, the commonly used name or names (instead of any other name) will appear on the ballot paper.” 22 In the Appendix of Forms, in form 10 (declaration for the companion of a voter with disabilities)— (a) in the section of the form beginning “I have been requested”, for the words from “I am entitled” to “does not apply” substitute “I am aged 18 or over”; (b) in the section of the form beginning “NOTE”, after “any person” insert “, except the elector to whom assistance is being provided,”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 29 | 37 Elections Act 2022 2022 CHAPTER 37 An Act to make provision about the administration and conduct of elections, including provision designed to strengthen the integrity of the electoral process and provision about the use of the simple majority system in elections for certain offices; about overseas electors; about voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens; about the designation of a strategy and policy statement for the Electoral Commission; about the membership of the Speaker’s Committee; about the Electoral Commission’s functions in relation to criminal proceedings; about financial information to be provided by a political party on applying for registration; for preventing a person being registered as a political party and being a recognised non-party campaigner at the same time; about regulation of expenditure for political purposes; about disqualification of offenders for holding elective offices; about information to be included in electronic campaigning material; and for connected purposes. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 30 | (2) For subsection (1) substitute— “(1) A person commits an offence if the person provides false information in connection with— (a) an application under section 13BD for an electoral identity document, (b) an application under section 13BE for an anonymous elector’s document, or (c) an application under section 13C for an electoral identity card.” (3) For subsection (5) substitute— “(5) A person who commits an offence under this section is liable— (a) on summary conviction in England and Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 51 weeks or a fine (or both); (b) on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum (or both); (c) on summary conviction in Northern Ireland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale (or both). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 31 | (3) For paragraph (2) substitute— “(2) In the case of a person applying as proxy, the presiding officer may, and if required as mentioned in paragraph (1) above must, put the following additional question:— (a) “Have you already voted as proxy at this election, either here or elsewhere in this or any other district electoral area, on behalf of four or more electors?” and if the person answers that question in the negative, the following question:— (b) “Have you already voted as proxy at this election, either here or elsewhere in this or any other district electoral area, on behalf of two or more electors both or all of whom are registered in a register of local electors in Northern Ireland otherwise than by virtue of a service qualification?” and if the person answers that question in the affirmative, the following question:— (c) “Is the elector (or are the electors) for whom you are voting today at this election registered in a register of local electors in Northern Ireland otherwise than by virtue of a service qualification?”” (4) After paragraph (2) insert— “(2A) Where a clerk— (a) gives a person the required information (see paragraph (6)), (b) puts any of the questions set out in paragraphs (1) to (2) above to the person, and (c) decides that the person has failed to answer the question satisfactorily, the clerk must refer the matter to the presiding officer, who must put the question to the person again.” (5) for paragraph (3) substitute— “(3) Where the presiding officer— (a) gives a person the required information, (b) puts any of the questions set out in paragraphs (1) to (2) above to the person (whether or not following a referral under paragraph (2A)), and (c) decides that the person has failed to answer the question satisfactorily, the officer must refuse to deliver a ballot paper to the person.” (6) After paragraph (5) insert— “(6) for the purposes of this rule, a person to whom any question is to be put is given “the required information” if the person is first informed that— (a) a ballot paper will be refused if the person fails to answer each question satisfactorily, and (b) giving false information may be an offence.” 14 (1) Rule 34 (voting procedure) is amended as follows. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 32 | Schedule 12—Supply of information etc SCHEDULE 12 Section 53 SUPPLY OF INFORMATION ETC Supply of information etc 1 (1) A relevant enforcer may give notice in writing to any person requiring the person to provide a relevant enforcer, or a person authorised by a relevant enforcer, with any information which— (a) is identified in the notice, and (b) is reasonably required by a relevant enforcer for the purposes of— (i) determining whether electronic material has been published in contravention of section 41, or (ii) making contact with the promoter of the material or the person on behalf of whom the material has been published (and who is not the promoter). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 33 | 37) iii Controlled expenditure etc 26 Restriction on which third parties may incur controlled expenditure 27 Third parties capable of giving notification for purposes of Part 6 of PPERA 28 Recognised third parties: changes to existing limits etc 29 Code of practice on controls relating to third parties PART 5 DISQUALIFICATION OF OFFENDERS for HOLDING ELECTIVE OFFICE ETC 30 Disqualification orders 31 Vacation of office etc 32 Candidates etc 33 Holders of relevant elective offices 34 Campaigners 35 Election etc of a person to the House of Commons who is subject to a disqualification order 36 Power to amend Schedule 9 37 Interpretation of Part 38 Minor and consequential amendments PART 6 INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED WITH ELECTRONIC MATERIAL Definitions 39 Definitions relating to electronic material and publication 40 Definitions relating to parties etc Requirements 41 Requirement to include information with electronic material 42 Electronic material to which section 41 applies: paid-for material 43 Purposes referred to in section 42 44 Electronic material to which section 41 applies: other electronic material 45 Purposes referred to in section 44 46 Electronic material relating to more than one candidate or future candidate 47 Exceptions to section 41 Enforcement 48 Offence of breaching section 41 49 Order to take down electronic material in breach of section 41 50 Enforcement by the Commission 51 Notice to take down electronic material in breach of section 41 52 Further provision about notice under section 51 53 Supply of information Supplementary 54 Guidance iv Elections Act 2022 (c. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 34 | (2) In rule 6 (nomination of candidates), for paragraph (2A) substitute— “(2A) If a candidate— (a) commonly uses a surname that is different from any other surname the candidate has, (b) commonly uses a forename that is different from any other forename the candidate has, or (c) otherwise commonly uses one or more forenames or a surname in a different way from the way in which the candidate’s names are stated in accordance with paragraph (2)(a) (for example, where the commonly used names are in a different order from the names as so stated, include only some of those names, or include additional names), the nomination paper may state the commonly used name or names in addition to the names as stated in accordance with paragraph (2)(a).” (3) In rule 14 (publication of statement of persons nominated), in paragraph (2A)— (a) for “in addition to another name” substitute “in accordance with rule 6(2A)”; (b) for “any other name” substitute “the other surname or forename”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 35 | 7 In rule 5 (nomination of candidates), for paragraph (2A) substitute— “(2A) If a candidate— (a) commonly uses a surname that is different from any other surname the candidate has, (b) commonly uses a forename that is different from any other forename the candidate has, or (c) otherwise commonly uses one or more forenames or a surname in a different way from the way in which the candidate’s names are stated in accordance with paragraph (2)(a) (for example, where the commonly used names are in a different order from the names as so stated, include only some of those names, or include additional names), the nomination paper may state the commonly used name or names in addition to the names as stated in accordance with paragraph (2)(a).” 8 In rule 12 (publication of statement of persons nominated), in paragraph (2A)— (a) for “in addition to another name” substitute “in accordance with rule 5(2A)”; (b) for “any other name” substitute “the other surname or forename”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 36 | Elections Act 2022 CHAPTER 37 CONTENTS PART 1 ADMINISTRATION AND CONDUCT OF ELECTIONS Voter identification, applications for postal and proxy votes, etc 1 Voter identification 2 Power to make regulations about registration, absent voting and other matters Postal and proxy voting 3 Restriction of period for which person can apply for postal vote 4 Handling of postal voting documents by political campaigners 5 Handing in postal voting documents 6 Limit on number of electors for whom a proxy can vote 7 Requirement of secrecy Undue influence 8 Undue influence Assistance with voting for persons with disabilities 9 Assistance with voting for persons with disabilities Nomination of candidates at parliamentary elections 10 Candidate nomination paper: commonly used names 11 Home address form: statement of local authority area Northern Ireland elections 12 Local elections and Assembly elections in Northern Ireland ii Elections Act 2022 (c. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 37 | 37) 55 Information in Commission’s annual report 56 Notices 57 Proceedings for an offence under this Part 58 Offences committed by bodies corporate 59 Offences committed by unincorporated associations etc 60 Regulations under this Part 61 Meaning of “the Commission” PART 7 GENERAL 62 Review of operation of Act 63 Power to amend references to subordinate legislation etc 64 Financial provisions 65 Interpretation etc 66 Extent 67 Commencement 68 Short title Schedule 1 — Voter identification Schedule 2 — Power to make regulations about registration, absent voting and other matters Schedule 3 — Restriction of period for which person can apply for postal vote Schedule 4 — Proxy voting: limits and transitional provision Schedule 5 — Undue influence: further provision Schedule 6 — Local elections in Northern Ireland and elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly Part 1 — Local elections in Northern Ireland Part 2 — Elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly Schedule 7 — Overseas electors Part 1 — Minor and consequential amendments Part 2 — Transitional provision Schedule 8 — Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens Part 1 — Amendments to the Representation of the People Act 1983 Part 2 — Amendments in relation to certain local elections in England and Wales Part 3 — Amendments in relation to certain elections in Northern Ireland Part 4 — Transitional provision etc Schedule 9 — Offences for purposes of Part 5 Part 1 — Common law offences Part 2 — Statutory offences Part 3 — Inchoate offences Schedule 10 — Disqualification orders: minor and consequential amendments Schedule 11 — Illegal practices Schedule 12 — Supply of information etc ELIZABETH II c. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 38 | (5) After subsection (4) insert— “(4A) Regulations may make provision— (a) about the information to be included in an electoral identity card; (b) about the form of an electoral identity card (including provision for the card to be issued in different forms in different circumstances).” 4 (1) Section 13CZA (provision of false information: application for electoral identity card), as extended by paragraph 38 of this Schedule, is amended as follows. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 39 | (2) In paragraph (3), after sub-paragraph (e) insert— “(f) in the case of an election held in Northern Ireland, the lists prepared for the polling station under rule 19B.” (3) After paragraph (3) insert— “(3ZA) In the case of an election held in England and Wales or Scotland, the returning officer must also provide each polling station with a prescribed form (referred to in these rules as “the ballot paper refusal list”) on which entries are to be made as mentioned in rule 40ZB (refusal to deliver ballot paper: Great Britain).” (4) After paragraph (4) insert— “(4A) In the case of an election held in England and Wales or Scotland, a large notice must be displayed inside each polling station containing— (a) details of the documents the voter needs to produce when applying for a ballot paper, namely— (i) in the case of an elector (other than an elector with an anonymous entry) or a proxy, any of the forms of identification for the time being referred to in rule 37(1H); (ii) in the case of an elector with an anonymous entry, the elector’s official poll card and an anonymous elector’s document showing the same electoral number as the electoral number shown on the official poll card, and (b) a statement that further proof of identity may be required to resolve any discrepancy between the name of the holder of a specified form of identification and the name of the elector or proxy that the voter claims to be.” 16 (1) Rule 35 (questions to be put to voters) is amended as follows. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 40 | (2) In the table following paragraph (1), in the column headed “Questions”, in entry 1 (electors), entry 2 (proxies), entry 3 (proxies for an elector with an anonymous entry), entry 5 (postal voters) and entry 6 (proxy postal voters), before question (a) insert— “(za) At an election held in England and Wales or Scotland, “What is your name?” (zb) At an election held in England and Wales or Scotland, “What is your address?”” (3) Before paragraph (3) insert— “(2B) In the case of an election held in England and Wales or Scotland, where a clerk— (a) gives a person the required information (see paragraph (5)), (b) puts a question specified in paragraph (1) to the person, and (c) decides that the person has failed to answer the question satisfactorily, the clerk must refer the matter to the presiding officer, who must put the question to the person again.” (4) For paragraph (3) substitute— “(3) Where the presiding officer— (a) gives a person the required information, (b) puts a question specified in paragraph (1) to the person (whether or not, in the case of an election held in England and Wales or Scotland, following a referral under paragraph (2B)), and (c) decides that the person has failed to answer the question satisfactorily, the officer must refuse to deliver a ballot paper to the person. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 41 | Each report under this section shall disclose— (1) the amount of cash on hand at the beginning of the reporting period; (2) for the reporting period and calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office), the total amount of all receipts, and the total amount of all receipts in the following categories: (A) contributions from persons other than political committees; (B) for an authorized committee, contributions from the candidate; (C) contributions from political party committees; (D) contributions from other political committees; (E) for an authorized committee, transfers from other authorized committees of the same candidate; (F) transfers from affiliated committees and, where the reporting committee is a political party committee, transfers from other political party committees, regardless of whether such committees are affiliated; (G) for an authorized committee, loans made by or guaranteed by the candidate; (H) all other loans; (I) rebates, refunds, and other offsets to operating expenditures; (J) dividends, interest, and other forms of receipts; and (K) for an authorized committee of a candidate for the office of President, Federal funds received under chapter 95 and chapter 96 of title 26; (3) the identification of each— (A) person (other than a political committee) who makes a contribution to the reporting committee during the reporting period, whose contribution or contributions have an aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 within the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office), or in any lesser amount if the reporting committee should so elect, together with the date and amount of any such contribution; (B) political committee which makes a contribution to the reporting committee during the reporting period, together with the date and amount of any such contribution; (C) authorized committee which makes a transfer to the reporting committee; (D) affiliated committee which makes a transfer to the reporting committee during the reporting period and, where the reporting committee is a political party committee, each transfer of funds to the reporting committee from another political party committee, regardless of whether such committees are affiliated, together with the date and amount of such transfer; (E) person who makes a loan to the reporting committee during the reporting period, together with the identification of any endorser or guarantor of such loan, and date and amount or value of such loan; (F) person who provides a rebate, refund, or other offset to operating expenditures to the reporting committee in an aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 within the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office), together with the date and amount of such receipt; and (G) person who provides any dividend, interest, or other receipt to the reporting committee in an aggregate value or amount in excess of $200 within the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office), together with the date and amount of any such receipt; (4) for the reporting period and the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office), the total amount of all disbursements, and all disbursements in the following categories: (A) expenditures made to meet candidate or committee operating expenses; (B) for authorized committees, transfers to other committees authorized by the same candidate; (C) transfers to affiliated committees and, where the reporting committee is a political party committee, transfers to other political party committees, regardless of whether they are affiliated; (D) for an authorized committee, repayment of loans made by or guaranteed by the candidate; (E) repayment of all other loans; (F) contribution refunds and other offsets to contributions; (G) for an authorized committee, any other disbursements; (H) for any political committee other than an authorized committee— (i) contributions made to other political committees; (ii) loans made by the reporting committees; (iii) independent expenditures; (iv) expenditures made under section 30116(d) of this title; and (v) any other disbursements; and (I) for an authorized committee of a candidate for the office of President, disbursements not subject to the limitation of section 30116(b) of this title; (5) the name and address of each— (A) person to whom an expenditure in an aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 within the calendar year is made by the reporting committee to meet a candidate or committee operating expense, together with the date, amount, and purpose of such operating expenditure; (B) authorized committee to which a transfer is made by the reporting committee; (C) affiliated committee to which a transfer is made by the reporting committee during the reporting period and, where the reporting committee is a political party committee, each transfer of funds by the reporting committee to another political party committee, regardless of whether such committees are affiliated, together with the date and amount of such transfers; (D) person who receives a loan repayment from the reporting committee during the reporting period, together with the date and amount of such loan repayment; and (E) person who receives a contribution refund or other offset to contributions from the reporting committee where such contribution was reported under paragraph (3)(A) of this subsection, together with the date and amount of such disbursement; (6) (A) for an authorized committee, the name and address of each person who has received any disbursement not disclosed under paragraph (5) in an aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 within the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office), together with the date and amount of any such disbursement; (B) for any other political committee, the name and address of each— (i) political committee which has received a contribution from the reporting committee during the reporting period, together with the date and amount or any such contribution; (ii) person who has received a loan from the reporting committee during the reporting period, together with the date and amount of such loan; (iii) person who receives any disbursement during the reporting period in an aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 within the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office) in connection with an independent expenditure by the reporting committee, together with the date, amount, and purpose of any such independent expenditure and a statement which indicates whether such independent expenditure is in support of, or in opposition to, a candidate, as well as the name and office sought by such candidate, and a certification, under penalty of perjury, whether such independent expenditure is made in cooperation, consultation, or concert, with, or at the request or suggestion of, any candidate or any authorized committee or agent of such committee; (iv) person who receives any expenditure from the reporting committee during the reporting period in connection with an expenditure under section 30116(d) of this title, together with the date, amount, and purpose of any such expenditure as well as the name of, and office sought by, the candidate on whose behalf the expenditure is made; and (v) person who has received any disbursement not otherwise disclosed in this paragraph or paragraph (5) in an aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 within the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office) from the reporting committee within the reporting period, together with the date, amount, and purpose of any such disbursement; (7) the total sum of all contributions to such political committee, together with the total contributions less offsets to contributions and the total sum of all operating expenditures made by such political committee, together with total operating expenditures less offsets to operating expenditures, for both the reporting period and the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office); and (8) the amount and nature of outstanding debts and obligations owed by or to such political committee; and where such debts and obligations are settled for less than their reported amount or value, a statement as to the circumstances and conditions under which such debts or obligations were extinguished and the consideration therefor. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 42 | (B) The term “expenditure” does not include— (i) any news story, commentary, or editorial distributed through the facilities of any broadcasting station, newspaper, magazine, or other periodical publication, unless such facilities are owned or controlled by any political party, political committee, or candidate; (ii) nonpartisan activity designed to encourage individuals to vote or to register to vote; (iii) any communication by any membership organization or corporation to its members, stockholders, or executive or administrative personnel, if such membership organization or corporation is not organized primarily for the purpose of influencing the nomination for election, or election, of any individual to Federal office, except that the costs incurred by a membership organization (including a labor organization) or by a corporation directly attributable to a communication expressly advocating the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate (other than a communication primarily devoted to subjects other than the express advocacy of the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate), shall, if such costs exceed $2,000 for any election, be reported to the Commission in accordance with section 30104(a)(4)(A)(i) of this title, and in accordance with section 30104(a)(4)(A)(ii) of this title with respect to any general election; (iv) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of preparation, display, or mailing or other distribution incurred by such committee with respect to a printed slate card or sample ballot, or other printed listing, of 3 or more candidates for any public office for which an election is held in the State in which such committee is organized, except that this clause shall not apply to costs incurred by such committee with respect to a display of any such listing made on broadcasting stations, or in newspapers, magazines, or similar types of general public political advertising; (v) any payment made or obligation incurred by a corporation or a labor organization which, under section 30118(b) of this title, would not constitute an expenditure by such corporation or labor organization; (vi) any costs incurred by an authorized committee or candidate in connection with the solicitation of contributions on behalf of such candidate, except that this clause shall not apply with respect to costs incurred by an authorized committee of a candidate in excess of an amount equal to 20 percent of the expenditure limitation applicable to such candidate under section 30116(b), but all such costs shall be reported in accordance with section 30104(b); (vii) the payment of compensation for legal or accounting services— (I) rendered to or on behalf of any political committee of a political party if the person paying for such services is the regular employer of the individual rendering such services, and if such services are not attributable to activities which directly further the election of any designated candidate to Federal office; or (II) rendered to or on behalf of a candidate or political committee if the person paying for such services is the regular employer of the individual rendering such services, and if such services are solely for the purpose of ensuring compliance with this Act or chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26, but amounts paid or incurred by the regular employer for such legal or accounting services shall be reported in accordance with section 30104(b) by the committee receiving such services; (viii) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of campaign materials (such as pins, bumper stickers, handbills, brochures, posters, party tabloids, and yard signs) used by such committee in connection with volunteer activities on behalf of nominees of such party: Provided, That— (1) such payments are not for the costs of campaign materials or activities used in connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar type of general public communication or political advertising; (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or particular candidates; (ix) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of voter registration and get-out-thevote activities conducted by such committee on behalf of nominees of such party for President and Vice President: Provided, That— (1) such payments are not for the costs of campaign materials or activities used in connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar type of general public communication or political advertising; (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or candidates; and (x) payments received by a political party committee as a condition of ballot access which are transferred to another political party committee or the appropriate State official. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 43 | It shall be unlawful for any person— (1) Who enters into any contract with the United States or any department or agency thereof either for the rendition of personal services or furnishing any material, supplies, or equipment to the United States or any department or agency thereof or for selling any land or building to the United States or any department or agency thereof, if payment for the performance of such contract or payment for such material, supplies, equipment, land, or building is to be made in whole or in part from funds appropriated by the Congress, at any time between the commencement of negotiations for the later of (A) the completion of performance under; or (B) the termination of negotiations for, such contract or furnishing of material, supplies, equipment, land, or buildings, directly or indirectly to make any contribution of money or other things of value, or to promise expressly or impliedly to make any such contribution to any political party, committee, or candidate for public office or to any person for any political purpose or use; or (2) knowingly to solicit any such contribution from any such person for any such purpose during any such period. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 44 | (b) As used in this section— (1) the term “candidate” means an individual who seeks nomination for election, or election, to Federal, State, or local office, whether or not such individual is elected, and, for purposes of this paragraph, an individual shall be deemed to seek nomination for election, or election, to Federal, State, or local office, if he has— (A) taken the action necessary under the law of a State to qualify himself for nomination for election, or election, or (B) received contributions or made expenditures, or has given his consent for any other person to receive contributions or make expenditures, with a view to bringing about his nomination for election, or election, to such office; (2) the term “election” means— (A) a general, special primary, or runoff election, (B) a convention or caucus of a political party held to nominate a candidate, (C) a primary election held for the selection of delegates to a nominating convention of a political party, (D) a primary election held for the expression of a preference for the nomination of persons for election to the office of President, and (E) the election of delegates to a constitutional convention for proposing amendments to the Constitution of the United States or of any State; and § 601 (3) the term “State” means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory or possession of the United States. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 45 | In addition to any subject determined by the Commission, the regulations shall address-- (1) payments for the republication of campaign materials; (2) payments for the use of a common vendor; (3) payments for communications directed or made by persons who previously served as an employee of a candidate or a political party; and (4) payments for communications made by a person after substantial discussion about the communication with a candidate or a political party.” (B) (i) expenditures made by any person in cooperation, consultation, or concert, with, or at the request or suggestion of, a candidate, his authorized political committees, or their agents, shall be considered to be a contribution to such candidate; (ii) expenditures made by any person (other than a candidate or candidate’s authorized committee) in cooperation, consultation, or concert, with, or at the request or suggestion of, a national, State, or local committee of a political party, shall be considered to be contributions made to such party committee; and (iii) the financing by any person of the dissemination, distribution, or republication, in whole or in part, of any broadcast or any written, graphic, or other form of campaign materials prepared by the candidate, his campaign committees, or their authorized agents shall be considered to be an expenditure for purposes of this paragraph; and (C) if— (i) any person makes, or contracts to make, any disbursement for any electioneering communication (within the meaning of section 30104(f)(3) of this title); and (ii) such disbursement is coordinated with a candidate or an authorized committee of such candidate, a Federal, State, or local political party or committee thereof, or an agent or official of any such candidate, party, or committee; such disbursement or contracting shall be treated as a contribution to the candidate supported by the electioneering communication or that candidate’s party and as an expenditure by that candidate or that candidate’s party; and (D) contributions made to or for the benefit of any candidate nominated by a political party for election to the office of Vice President of the United States shall be considered to be contributions made to or for the benefit of the candidate of such party for election to the office of President of the United States. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 46 | (2) If the political committee is the principal campaign committee of a candidate for the House of Representatives or for the Senate— (A) in any calendar year during which there is a regularly scheduled election for which such candidate is seeking election, or nomination for election, the treasurer shall file the following reports: (i) a pre-election report, which shall be filed no later than the 12th day before (or posted by any of the following: registered mail, certified mail, priority mail having a delivery confirmation or delivered to an overnight delivery service with an on-line tracking system, if posted or delivered no later than the 15th day before)any election in which such candidate is seeking election, or nomination for election, and which shall be complete as of the 20th day before such election; (ii) a post-general election report, which shall be filed no later than the 30th day after any general election in which such candidate has sought election, and which shall be complete as of the 20th day after such general election; and (iii) additional quarterly reports, which shall be filed no later than the 15th day after the last day of each calendar quarter, and which shall be complete as of the last day of each calendar quarter: except that the report for the quarter ending December 31 shall be filed no later than January 31 of the following calendar year; and (B) in any other calendar year the treasurer shall file quarterly reports, which shall be filed not later than the 15th day after the last day of each calendar quarter, and which shall be complete as of the last day of each calendar quarter, except that the report for the quarter ending December 31 shall be filed not later than January 31 of the following calendar year. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 47 | § 30118 (3) It shall be unlawful— (A) for such a fund to make a contribution or expenditure by utilizing money or anything of value secured by physical force, job discrimination, financial reprisals, or the threat of force, job discrimination, or financial reprisal; or by dues, fees, or other moneys required as a condition of membership in a labor organization or as a condition of employment, or by moneys obtained in any commercial transaction; (B) for any person soliciting an employee for a contribution to such a fund to fail to inform such employee of the political purposes of such fund at the time of such solicitation; and (C) for any person soliciting an employee for a contribution to such a fund to fail to inform such employee at the time of such solicitation, of his right to refuse to so contribute without any reprisal. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 48 | or the National Credit Union Administration, other than any overdraft made with respect to a checking or savings account, made in accordance with applicable law and in the ordinary course of business, but such loan— (I) shall be considered a loan by each endorser or guarantor, in that proportion of the unpaid balance that each endorser or guarantor bears to the total number of endorsers or guarantors; (II) shall be made on a basis which assures repayment, evidenced by a written instrument, and subject to a due date or amortization schedule; and (III) shall bear the usual and customary interest rate of the lending institution; (viii) any legal or accounting services rendered to or on behalf of— (I) any political committee of a political party if the person paying for such services is the regular employer of the person rendering such services and if such services are not attributable to activities which directly further the election of any designated candidate to Federal office; or (II) an authorized committee of a candidate or any other political committee, if the person paying for such services is the regular employer of the individual rendering such services and if such services are solely for the purpose of ensuring compliance with this Act or chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26, but amounts paid or incurred by the regular employer reported in accordance with section 30104(b) of this title by the committee receiving such services; (ix) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of campaign materials (such as pins, bumper stickers, handbills, brochures, posters, party tabloids, and yard signs) used by such committee in connection with volunteer activities on behalf of nominees of such party: Provided, That— (1) such payments are not for the cost of campaign materials or activities used in connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar type of general public communication or political advertising; (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or particular candidates; (x) the payment by a candidate, for nomination or election to any public office (including State or local office), or authorized committee of a candidate, of the costs of campaign materials which include information on or reference to any other candidate and which are used in connection with volunteer activities (including pins, bumper stickers, handbills, brochures, posters, and yard signs, but not including the use of broadcasting, newspapers, magazines, billboards, direct mail, or similar types of general public communication or political advertising): Provided, That such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; (xi) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of voter registration and get-out-thevote activities conducted by such committee on behalf of nominees of such party for President and Vice President: Provided, That— (1) such payments are not for the costs of campaign materials or activities used in connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar type of general public communication or political advertising; (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or candidates; (xii) payments made by a candidate or the authorized committee of a candidate as a condition of ballot access and payments received by any political party committee as a condition of ballot access; (xiii) any honorarium (within the meaning of section 441i of this title); and (xiv) any loan of money derived from an advance on a candidate’s brokerage account, credit card, home equity line of credit, or other line of credit available to the candidate, if such a loan is made in accordance with applicable law and under commercially reasonable terms and if the person making such loan makes loans derived from an advance on the candidate’s brokerage account, credit card, home equity line of credit, or other line of credit in the normal course of the person’s business. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 49 | The term ‘Federal Election Activity’ means— (i) voter registration activity during the period that begins on the date that is 120 days before the date a regularly scheduled Federal election is held and ends on the date of the election; (ii) voter identification, get-out-the-vote activity, or generic campaign activity conducted in connection with an election in which a candidate for Federal office appears on the ballot (regardless of whether a candidate for State or local office also appears on the ballot); (iii) a public communication that refers to a clearly identified candidate for Federal office (regardless of whether a candidate for State or local office is also mentioned or identified) and that promotes or supports a candidate for that office, or attacks or opposes a candidate for that office (regardless of whether the communication expressly advocates a vote for or against a candidate); or (iv) services provided during any month by an employee of a State, district, or local committee of a political party who spends more than 25 percent of that individual’s compensated time during that month on activities in connection with a Federal election. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 50 | A contribution accepted by a candidate, and any other donation received by an individual as support for activities of the individual as a holder of Federal office, may be used by the candidate or individual— (1) for otherwise authorized expenditures in connection with the campaign for Federal office of the candidate or individual; (2) for ordinary and necessary expenses incurred in connection with duties of the individual as a holder of Federal office; (3) for contributions to an organization described in section 170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; (4) for transfers, without limitation, to a national, State, or local committee of a political party; (5) for donations to State and local candidates subject to the provisions of State law; or § 30114 (6) for any other lawful purpose unless prohibited by subsection (b) of this section. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 51 | Whenever a political committee makes a disbursement for the purpose of financing any communication through any broadcasting station, newspaper, magazine, outdoor advertising facility, mailing, or any other type of general public political advertising, or whenever any person makes a disbursement for the purpose of financing communications expressly advocating the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate, or solicits any contribution through any broadcasting station, newspaper, magazine, outdoor advertising facility, mailing, or any other type of general public political advertising or makes a disbursement for an electioneering communication (as defined in section 30104(f)(3) of this title), such communication— (1) if paid for and authorized by a candidate, an authorized political committee of a candidate, or its agents, shall clearly state that the communication has been paid for by such authorized political committee, or (2) if paid for by other persons but authorized by a candidate, an authorized political committee of a candidate, or its agents, shall clearly state that the communication is paid for by such other persons and authorized by such authorized political committee; (3) if not authorized by a candidate, an authorized political committee of a candidate, or its agents, shall clearly state the name and permanent street address, telephone number or World Wide Web address of the person who paid for the communication and state that the communication is not authorized by any candidate or candidate’s committee. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 52 | (B) The term “contribution” does not include– (i) the value of services provided without compensation by any individual who volunteers on behalf of a candidate or political committee; (ii) the use of real or personal property, including a church or community room used on a regular basis by members of a community for noncommercial purposes, and the cost of invitations, food, and beverages, voluntarily provided by an individual to any candidate or any political committee of a political party in rendering voluntary personal services on the individual’s residential premises or in the church or community room for candidate-related or political party-related activities, to the extent that the cumulative value of such invitations, food, and beverages provided by such individual on behalf of any single candidate does not exceed $1,000 with respect to any single election, and on behalf of all political committees of a political party does not exceed $2,000 in any calendar year; (iii) the sale of any food or beverage by a vendor for use in any candidate’s campaign or for use by or on behalf of any political committee of a political party at a charge less than the normal comparable charge, if such charge is at least equal to the cost of such food or beverage to the vendor, to the extent that the cumulative value of such activity by such vendor on behalf of any single candidate does not exceed $1,000 with respect to any single election, and on behalf of all political committees of a political party does exceed $2000 in any calendar year; (iv) any unreimbursed payment for travel expenses made by any individual on behalf of any candidate or any political committee of a political party, to the extent that the cumulative value of such activity by such individual on behalf of any single candidate does not exceed $1,000 with respect to any single election, and on behalf of all political committees of a political party does not exceed $2,000 in any calendar year; (v) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of preparation, display, or mailing or other distribution incurred by such committee with respect to a printed slate card or sample ballot, or other printed listing, of 3 or more candidates for any public office for which an election is held in the State in which such committee is organized, except that this clause shall not apply to any cost incurred by such committee with respect to a display of any such listing made on broadcasting stations, or in newspapers, magazines, or similar types of general public political advertising; (vi) any payment made or obligation incurred by a corporation or a labor organization which, under section 30118(b) of this title, would not constitute an expenditure by such corporation or labor organization; (vii) any loan of money by a State bank, a federally chartered depository institution, or a depository institution the deposits or accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation . VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 53 | (2) for purposes of this subsection, the term “appropriate State” means— (A) for statements and reports in connection with the campaign for nomination for election of a candidate to the office of President or Vice President, each State in which an expenditure is made on behalf of the candidate; and (B) for statements and reports in connection with the campaign for nomination for election, or election, of a candidate § 30113 to the office of Senator or Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress, the State in which the candidate seeks election; except that political committees other than authorized committees are only required to file, and Secretaries of State required to keep, that portion of the report applicable to candidates seeking election in that State. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 54 | (1) No candidate for the office of President of the United States who is eligible under section 9003 of title 26 (relating to condition for eligibility for payments) or under section 9033 of title 26 (relating to eligibility for payments) to receive payments from the Secretary of the Treasury may make expenditures in excess of— (A) $10,000,000 in the case of a campaign for nomination for election to such office, except the aggregate of expenditures under this subparagraph in any one State shall not exceed the greater of 16 cents multiplied by the voting age population of the State (as certified under subsection (e) of this section), or $200,000; or (B) $20,000,000 in the case of a campaign for election to such office. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 55 | It is unlawful for any national bank, or any corporation organized by authority of any law of Congress, to make a contribution or expenditure in connection with any election to any political office, or in connection with any primary election or political convention or caucus held to select candidates for any political office, or for any corporation whatever, or any labor organization, to make a contribution or expenditure in connection with any election at which presidential and vice presidential electors or a Senator or Representative in, or a Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, Congress are to be voted for, or in connection with any primary election or political convention or caucus held to select candidates for any of the foregoing offices, or for any candidate, political committee, or other person knowingly to accept or receive any contribution prohibited by this section, or any officer or any director of any corporation or any national bank or any officer of any labor organization to consent to any contribution or expenditure by the corporation, national bank, or labor organization, as the case may be, prohibited by this section. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 56 | (11) The term “qualified campaign expense” means an expense— (A) incurred— (i) by the candidate of a political party for the office of President to further his election to such office or to further the election of the candidate of such political party for the office of Vice President, or both (ii) by the candidate of a political party for the office of Vice President to further his election to such office or to further the election of the candidate of such political party for the office of President, or both, or § 9002 (iii) by an authorized committee of the candidates of a political party for the offices of President and Vice President to further the election of either or both of such candidates to such offices, (B) incurred within the expenditure report period (as defined in paragraph (12)), or incurred before the beginning of such period to the extent such expense is for property, services, or facilities used during such period, and (C) neither the incurring nor payment of which constitutes a violation of any law of the United States or of the State in which such expense is incurred or paid. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 57 | (4) Except as provided by section 9034(a), the term “contribution”— (A) means a gift, subscription, loan, advance, or deposit of money, or anything of value, the payment of which was made on or after the beginning of the calendar year immediately preceding the calendar year of the presidential election with respect to which such gift, subscription, loan, advance, or deposit of money, or anything of value, is made, for the purpose of influencing the result of a primary election, § 9032 (B) means a contract, promise, or agreement, whether or not legally enforceable, to make a contribution for any such purpose, (C) means funds received by a political committee which are transferred to that committee from another committee, and (D) means the payment by any person other than a candidate, or his authorized committee, of compensation for the personal services of another person which are rendered to the candidate or committee without charge, but (E) does not include— (i) except as provided in subparagraph (D), the value of personal services rendered to or for the benefit of a candidate by an individual who receives no compensation for rendering such service to or for the benefit of the candidate, or (ii) payments under section 9037. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 58 | For purposes of this subsection, the term “election” means— (A) a general, special, primary, or runoff election for a Federal office, (B) a convention or caucus of a political party which has authority to nominate a candidate for Federal office, (C) a primary election held for the selection of delegates to a national nominating convention of a political party, or (D) a primary election held for the expression of a preference for the nomination of individuals for election to the office of President. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 59 | The charges made for the use of any broadcasting station by any person who is a legally qualified candidate for any public office in connection with his campaign for nomination for election, or election, to such office shall not exceed— (A) subject to paragraph (2) during the 45 days preceding the date of a primary or primary runoff election and during the 60 days preceding the date of a general or special election in which such person is a candidate, the lowest unit charge of the station for the same class and amount of time for the same period; and (B) at any other time, the charges made for comparable use of such station by other users thereof. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 60 | (i) The term ‘electioneering communication’ means any broadcast, cable, or satellite communication which— (I) refers to a clearly identified candidate for Federal office; (II) is made within— (aa) 60 days before a general, special, or runoff election for the office sought by the candidate; or (bb) 30 days before a primary or preference election, or a convention or caucus of a political party that has authority to nominate a candidate, for the office sought by the candidate; and (III) in the case of a communication which refers to a candidate for an office other than President or Vice President, is targeted to the relevant electorate. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 61 | Powers of the Central Election Commission Central Election Commission shall: head the system of election commissions formed for conducting the elections of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, carries out the control over the execution of the present Code throughout the Republic of Uzbekistan, ensure its uniform application; announce the start of the election campaign on the election of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, deputies of the Legislative Chamber and local Kengashes; provide methodological support for the activities of election commissions, within its powers, adopts resolutions, approves instructions and regulations, provides clarifications on the organization of elections; provide general guidance and coordination of activities on the implementation of Information management system of the electoral process and the use of a Single electronic list of voters of the Republic of Uzbekistan (hereinafter — the Single electronic list of voters); form election constituencies for the election of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and deputies of the Legislative Chamber; resolve the matters of assigning polling stations formed under the diplomatic and other representations of the Republic of Uzbekistan in foreign countries to the relevant election constituencies; form the district election commissions for elections of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and deputies of the Legislative Chamber and publish information about their location; establish the procedure for introducing amendments to the composition of election commissions; cancel the decisions of the territorial election commissions either independently or upon the presentation of the General Prosecutor of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in the case if these decisions contravene with the present Code; issue mandates to the observers from foreign states, international organizations at elections; develop and approve the expenditure budget for the preparation and conduct of elections, distribute funds to election commissions, including the financing of political parties’ participation in elections, supervise the provision of election commissions with premises, transport and communication facilities, consider other matters related to material and technical support of elections; determine a sample mandate for observers of political parties, citizens’ self-governing bodies, representatives of mass media, observers from other states, international organizations; make decision on admission of political parties to participate in the elections on the basis of the submitted documents; accept relevant documents from the political parties nominating candidates for the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and deputies of the Legislative Chamber; register candidates for the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and candidates for deputies of the Legislative Chamber, organize publication of the lists of registered candidates and information on them in the press and issuance of certificates for them; register the proxies of candidates for President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and issue them certificates; provide equal conditions of participation at the elections for candidates to the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and candidates to deputy of the Legislative Chamber; establish samples and forms of ballot papers on the election of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, deputies of the Legislative Chamber and members of the Senate, voter lists, signature lists, protocols of election commissions and other documents, ballot boxes and seals of election commissions, determines their storage order. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 62 | Powers of the regional, sub-regional and city election commission Regional, sub-regional, city election commission shall: exercise control over the execution of the present Code in the relevant territory, ensure its uniform application and provide explanations on the organization and conduct of election; form election constituencies for elections to the respective local Kengashes, assign them names and sequence numbers and publish information on the location of the election commission of that constituency; form the district election commissions for the elections to the relevant local Council and publish information on the composition of the commission; direct the activity of the respective election commissions, determine the procedure for making amendments to the composition of them, have an authority to cancel decisions of the district and precinct election commissions either independently or upon the proposal by the regional, sub-regional or city prosecutor, if these decisions contradict the present Code; accept relevant documents from political parties nominating candidates for the deputies; register candidates for deputies and issue them certificates; provide equal conditions for candidates to participate in election campaign; distribute funds among relevant election commissions, control over the provision of election commissions with premises, transport and communication facilities, and consider other matters of material and technical support of the elections; approve and prepare forms of ballot papers on the elections of the respective local Kengash, lists of voters, protocols of election commissions, its seals, other election-related documents; hear reports of political parties, other public associations, local authorities, citizens’ self-governing bodies and heads of enterprises, institutions and organizations on the preparation and conduct of elections; tabulate election results to the relevant local Kengash, register elected deputies, publish information on election outcomes and list of elected deputies in the press; issue a certificate and a breastplate of a relevant deputy of the local Kengash; resolve the matters related to the conduct of repeat election; shall consider the appeals of voters and other participants in the electoral process and makes decisions on them, except for complaints on the actions and decisions of election commissions; submit materials on the violation of the requirements of the present Code to the court or relevant law enforcement agencies; ensure the submission of documents related to the organization and conduct of elections to archives and departmental archives. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 63 | determine the procedure for the preparation and delivery of ballot papers to polling stations; hear the information of representatives of election commissions, political parties, ministries, state committees and agencies, local authorities, other state bodies and public associations on matters associated with preparation and conduct of elections; summarize the results of elections, determine the total voting results in the Republic of Uzbekistan and publish the information about the number of voters who participated in voting and the number of votes cast for each candidate; in cases provided for by the present Code, organize repeat voting, holding repeat elections and election for vacant position of retired deputies of the Legislative Chamber or members of the Senate, as well as holding repeat voting and repeat election of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; register elected deputies of the Legislative Chamber and members of the Senate and publish their lists in the press and in other sources; convene the first post-election meeting of the Legislative Chamber, the Senate; hand on to the elected person a certificate on election as the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; issue to the deputy of Legislative Chamber and members of Senate a certificate and a breastplate respectively of the Deputy of Legislative Chamber and Member of the Senate; shall consider the appeals of voters and other participants in the electoral process and makes decisions on them, except for complaints on the actions and decisions of election commissions; submit materials on violation of requirements of the present Code to the court or law enforcement bodies; carry out international cooperation with representatives of electoral bodies of other countries, international organizations and foreign states, organize meetings, sign agreements and memorandums; participate in election observation in foreign countries, including missions of international organizations; invite international organizations, electoral bodies and representatives of foreign states for election observation; ensure that the documents relating to the organization and holding of elections are submitted to the departmental archives; approve the Regulation of the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan; strengthen and develop relations with public and the mass media. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 64 | Types, forms and methods of agitation Agitation shall be carried out as follows: dissemination of information about the program and (or) pre-election platform of the political party by encouraging to vote for its candidates for deputies; dissemination of information about the program and (or) election platform of the candidate for the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan by encouraging to vote for the candidate; dissemination of information about the candidate to encourage to vote for him/her. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 65 | Powers of district election commission District election commission shall: exercise the control on the execution of the present Code in respective territory; form polling stations, define their sequence number for the constituency, publish their lists with indication of the address; coordinate the activity of precinct election commissions; notify voters of the location of polling stations; form precinct election commissions and publish the information about their composition; provide equal conditions for candidates to participate in election campaign; register the proxies of the candidates for the election and issues them appropriate certificates; hear the reports of the representatives of political parties, other public associations, citizens’ self-governing bodies, heads of enterprises, institutions and organizations on matters related to the preparation and conduct of elections; observe the forming of voter lists and their presentation to introduce for public; determine the results of elections over the election constituency and submit them to the Central Election Commission, regional, Tashkent city election commissions; organize re-voting and repeat election, as well as holding the election of deputies instead of the retired; shall consider the appeals of voters and other participants in the electoral process and makes decisions on them, except for complaints on the actions and decisions of election commissions. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 66 | Requirements for equipping of buildings, premises of precinct election commissions and premises for voting Premises of precinct election commissions shall be equipped accordingly and have: National flag of the Republic of Uzbekistan (above the building and indoors); National emblem of the Republic of Uzbekistan (inside the building); sign board indicating the sequence number of polling station; booths or rooms for secret ballot; ballot boxes; specially equipped secret ballot booths for persons with disabilities, if necessary; separate places for observers; banners on the election date; map of the polling station; information on the composition, work plan, duty schedule of members of the precinct election commission; a special stand where information on the preparation and conduct of elections is placed: biographies and programs of all registered candidates published by the Central Election Commission, regional, sub-regional, city election commission; necessary furniture, office equipment (telephone, printer, computers connected to the Internet and having access to the Information management system of the election process, safe, office supplies); fire-fighting equipment. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 67 | Formation of the regional, sub-regional and city election commissions To organize and holding election for local Kengashes there shall be formed: regional election commission on holding elections for the regional Kengash of people's deputies; sub-regional election commission on holding elections for the sub-regional Kengash of people's deputies; city election commission on holding elections for the city Kengash of people's deputies. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 68 | Formation of the district election commissions The District Election Commission for the election of deputies of the Legislative Chamber is formed by the Central Election Commission, and the district election commission for elections to regional and Tashkent city Kengashes of people's deputies is formed by the corresponding regional, Tashkent city election commission - not less than seventy days before the elections, consisting of a chairman, deputy chairman, secretary and six to eight other members of the commission. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 69 | Citizens in foreign countries can apply in writing to precinct election commissions formed at diplomatic and other representations of the Republic of Uzbekistan in foreign countries, or electronically through the official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan to be included in the voter list for fifteen days before the election. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 70 | The application shall include: the decision of the supreme body of the political party to nominate a candidate for the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; a protocol of the meeting of the supreme body of the political party on the nomination of a candidate for the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in which surname, name, patronymic, date of birth, profession, position (type of activity), place of work and residence of the candidate to the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be indicated; an application by the candidate for the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on his/her consent for nominating his/her candidate; signature sheets supporting the nominated candidate for President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 71 | Nomination of candidates for deputy by political parties Nomination of candidates for deputy shall begin sixty-five days before election day and end forty five days before election day. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 72 | The following persons shall not be registered as a candidate for the deputy of the Legislative Chamber: citizens whose state of conviction for committing serious or particularly serious crimes was not completed or not cancelled; citizens not residing permanently in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the last five years before the election day; military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan, employees of the State Security Service, the National Guard, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the State Customs Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan and other paramilitary units; professional servicemen of religious organizations and associations. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 73 | The following persons shall not be registered as a candidate for the deputy of local Kengashes: citizens whose state of conviction for committing grave or particularly grave crimes was not completed or not canceled; citizens not residing permanently in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the last five years before election day; military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan, employees of the State Security Service, the National Guard, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the State Customs Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan and other paramilitary units; professional servicemen of religious organizations and associations. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 74 | Procedure of nominating candidates for local Kengashes Nomination of candidates for deputies of local Kengashes shall begin sixty-five days before election day and ends forty five days before election day. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 75 | Election commissions shall inform citizens about their work, formation of election constituencies, precincts, composition of election commissions, their location and working hours, familiarize them with voters’ lists, list of political parties participating in the elections, provide information on candidates for the Presidency of the Republic of Uzbekistan, deputies of the Legislative Chamber, deputies of the local Kengashes, as well as the results of voting and elections. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 76 | Procedure and norm of formation of the polling stations Polling stations for the elections of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, deputies of the Legislative Chamber and deputies of regional and Tashkent city Kengashes are formed by district election commissions on the nomination of khokimiyats of districts and cities, and for elections of deputies of district, city Kengashes — by district, city election commissions. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 77 | Powers of the member of the Central Election Commission may be terminated by the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan directly or upon the recommendation of the body which nominated him/her to membership, in the following cases: submission by him/her of a written application for resignation; he/she was recognized by the court as incapable; entry into force of the court's sentence against him/her; systematic failure to perform his/her duties; election or appointment to a position, the occupation of which in accordance with the law is incompatible with the exercise of the powers of a member of the Central Election Commission; recognition of him/her as missing or declaring dead on the basis of a court decision that has entered into legal force; loss of citizenship of the Republic of Uzbekistan; his/her death. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 78 | Candidates’ proxies A candidate for President of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall have the right to have up to fifteen, a candidate for Deputy of the Legislative Chamber — up to ten, a candidate for Deputy of the regional Kengash — up to five, a candidate for Deputy of the sub-regional and city Kengash — up to three proxies who shall assist him/her in the conduct of election campaign, agitation of the election, represent his/her interests in relations with the state bodies, public associations and election commissions. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 79 | Documents submitted by political parties for participation in the elections of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan To participate in the elections of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan no less than seventy days before the elections a political party must submit to the Central Election Commission: an application on participation in the election signed by the party leader; a reference on the registration of a political party from the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan; information about the future candidate for the post of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 80 | Right to nominate candidates for deputies A political party may nominate candidates for deputies provided that it is registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan no later than four months before the date of the announcement of the election campaign and has collected at least forty thousand signatures of voters supporting its participation in the elections. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 81 | Part V Powers of the Parliament Section 51 [Legislative Competencies] The Parliament shall, subject to this Constitution, have power to make laws for the peace, order and good government of the Commonwealth with respect to: (i) Trade and commerce with other countries, and among the States; (ii) Taxation; but so as not to discriminate between States or parts of States; (iii) Bounties on the production or export of goods, but so that such bounties shall be uniform throughout the Commonwealth; (iv) Borrowing money on the public credit of the Commonwealth; (v) Postal, telegraphic, telephonic, and other like services; (vi) The naval and military defence of the Commonwealth and of the several States, and the control of the forces to execute and maintain the laws of the Commonwealth; (vii) Lighthouses, lightships, beacons and buoys; (viii) Astronomical and meteorological observations; (ix) Quarantine; (x) Fisheries in Australian waters beyond territorial limits; (xi) Census and statistics; (xii) Currency, coinage, and legal tender; (xiii) Banking, other than State banking; also State banking extending beyond the limits of the State concerned, the incorporation of banks, and the issue of paper money; (xiv) Insurance, other than State insurance; also State insurance extending beyond the limits of the State concerned; (xv) Weights and measures; (xvi) Bills of exchange and promissory notes; (xvii) Bankruptcy and insolvency; (xviii) Copyrights, patents of inventions and designs, and trade marks; (xiv) Naturalization and aliens; (xx) Foreign corporations, and trading or financial corporations formed within the limits of the Commonwealth; (xxi) Marriage; (xxii) Divorce and matrimonial causes; and in relation thereto, parental rights, and the custody and guardianship of infants; (xviii) Invalid and old age pensions; (xxiiiA) The provision of maternity allowances, widows' pensions, child endowment, unemployment, pharmaceutical, sickness and hospital benefits, medical and dental services (but not so as to authorize any form of civil conscription), benefits to students and family allowances; (xxiv) The service and execution throughout the Commonwealth of the civil and criminal process and the judgments of the courts of the States; (xxv) The recognition throughout the Commonwealth of the laws, the public Acts and records, and the judicial proceedings of the States; (xxvi) The people of any race for whom it is deemed necessary to make special laws; (xxvii) Immigration and emigration; (xxviii) The influx of criminals; (xxix) External affairs; (xxx) The relations of the Commonwealth with the islands of the Pacific; (xxxi) The acquisition of property on just terms from any State or person for any purpose in respect of which the Parliament has power to make laws; (xxxii) The control of railways with respect to transport for the naval and military purposes of the Commonwealth; (xxxiii) The acquisition, with the consent of a State, of any railways of the State on terms arranged between the Commonwealth and the State; (xxxiv) Railway construction and extension in any State with the consent of that State; (xxxv) Conciliation and arbitration for the prevention and settlement of industrial disputes extending beyond the limits of any one State; (xxxvi) Matters in respect of which this Constitution makes provision until the Parliament otherwise provides; (xxxvii) Matters referred to the Parliament of the Commonwealth by the Parliament or Parliaments of any State or States, but so that the law shall extend only to States by whose Parliaments the matter is referred, or which afterwards adopt the law; (xxxviii) The exercise within the Commonwealth, at the request or with the concurrence of the Parliaments of all the States directly concerned, of any power which can at the establishment of this Constitution be exercised only by the Parliament of the United Kingdom or by the Federal Council of Australasia; (xxxix) Matters incidental to the execution of any power vested by this Constitution in the Parliament or in either House thereof, or in the Government of the Commonwealth, or in the Federal judicature, or in any department or officer of the Commonwealth. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 82 | Section 93 [Transitional Customs Provisions] During the first five years after the imposition of uniform duties of customs, and thereafter until the Parliament otherwise provides (i) The duties of customs chargeable on goods imported into a State and afterwards passing into another State for consumption, and the duties of excise paid on goods produced or manufactured in a State and afterwards passing into another State for consumption, shall be taken to have been collected not in the former but in the latter State: (ii) Subject to the last subsection, the Commonwealth shall credit revenue, debit expenditure, and pay balances to the several States as prescribed for the period preceding the imposition of uniform duties of customs. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 83 | Section 10 [State Methods] Until the Parliament otherwise provides, but subject to this Constitution, the laws in force in each State, for the time being, relating to elections for the more numerous House of the Parliament of the State shall, as nearly as practicable, apply to elections of senators for the State. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 84 | Section 44 [Exclusion from Eligibility] (1) Any person who (i) Is under any acknowledgment of allegiance, obedience, or adherence to a foreign power, or is a subject or a citizen or entitled to the rights or privileges of a subject or a citizen of a foreign power; or (ii) Is attained of treason, or has been convicted and is under sentence, or subject to be sentenced, for any offence punishable under the law of the Commonwealth or of a State by imprisonment for one year or longer; or (iii) Is an undischarged bankrupt or insolvent; or (iv) Holds any office of profit under the Crown, or any pension payable during the pleasure of the Crown out of any of the revenues of the Commonwealth; or (v) Has any direct or indirect pecuniary interest in any agreement with the Public Service of the Commonwealth otherwise than as a member and in common with the other members of an incorporated company consisting of more than twenty five persons: shall be incapable of being chosen or of sitting as a senator or a member of the House of Representatives. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 85 | But a proposed law shall not be taken to appropriate revenue or moneys, or to impose taxation, by reason only of its containing provisions for the imposition or appropriation of fines or other pecuniary penalties, or for the demand or payment or appropriation of fees for licenses, or fees for services under the proposed law. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 86 | (3) The appointment of a Justice of a court created by the Parliament shall be for a term expiring upon his attaining the age that is, at the time of his appointment, the maximum age for Justices of that court and a person shall not be appointed as a Justice of such court if he has attained the age that is for the time being the maximum age for Justices of that Court. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 87 | Section 85 [Transfer of Property] When any department of the public service of a State is transferred to the Commonwealth (i) All property of the State of any kind, used exclusively in connection with the department, shall become vested in the Commonwealth; but, in the case of the departments controlling customs and excise and bounties, for such time only as the Governor General in Council may declare to be necessary: (ii) The Commonwealth may acquire any property of the State, of any kind used, but not exclusively used in connection with the department; the value thereof shall, if no agreement can be made, be ascertained in, as nearly as may be, the manner in which the value of land, or of an interest in land, taken by the State for public purposes is ascertained under the law of the State in force at the establishment of the Commonwealth: (iii) The Commonwealth shall compensate the State for the value of any property passing to the Commonwealth under this section; if no agreement can be made as to the mode of compensation, it shall be determined under laws to be made by the Parliament: (iv) The Commonwealth shall, at the date of the transfer, assume the current obligations of the State in respect of the department transferred. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 88 | Section 116 [Freedom of Religion, Secular State] The Commonwealth shall not make any law for establishing any religion, or for imposing any religious observance, or for prohibiting the free exercise of any religion, and no religious test shall be required as a qualification for any office or public trust under the Commonwealth. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 89 | Section 14 [Adaptation of Numbers] Whenever the number of senators for a State is increased or diminished, the Parliament of the Commonwealth may make such provision for the vacating of the places of senators for the State as it deems necessary to maintain regularity in the rotation. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 90 | Section 29 [Eligibility, Electorate] (1) Until the Parliament of the Commonwealth otherwise provides, the Parliament of any State may make laws for determining the divisions in each State for which members of the House of Representatives may be chosen, and the number of members to be chosen for each division. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 91 | Section 31 [Electoral Method] Until the Parliament otherwise provides, but subject to this Constitution, the laws in force in each State for the time being relating to elections for the more numerous House of the Parliament of the State shall, as nearly as practicable, apply to elections in the State of members of the House of Representatives. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 92 | (2) But Sub section iv does not apply to the office of any of the Queen's Ministers of State for the Commonwealth, or of any of the Queen's Ministers for a State, or to the receipt of pay, half pay, or a pension, by any person as an officer or member of the Queen's navy or army, or to the receipt of pay as an officer or member of the naval or military forces of the Commonwealth by any person whose services are not wholly employed by the Commonwealth. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 93 | Section 60 [Queen's Assent] A proposed law reserved for the Queen's pleasure shall not have any force unless and until within two years from the day on which it was presented to the Governor General for the Queen's assent the Governor General makes known, by speech or message to each of the Houses of the Parliament, or by Proclamation, that it has received the Queen's assent. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 94 | (2) But until the expiration of one month after the first meeting of the Parliament the Governor General in Council may draw from the Treasury and expend such moneys as may be necessary for the maintenance of any department transferred to the Commonwealth and for the holding of the first elections for the Parliament. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 95 | (2) On the imposition of uniform duties of customs all laws of the several States imposing duties of customs or of excise, or offering bounties on the production or export of goods, shall cease to have effect, but any grant of or agreement for any such bounty lawfully made by or under the authority of the Government of any State shall be taken to be good if made before the thirtieth day of June, one thousand eight hundred and ninety eight, and not otherwise. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 96 | Section 112 [Inspection Charges on Customs] After uniform duties of customs have been imposed, a State may levy on imports or exports, or on goods passing into or out of the State, such charges as may be necessary for executing the inspection laws of the State; but the net produce of all charges so levied shall be for the use of the Commonwealth; and any such inspection laws may be annulled by the Parliament of the Commonwealth. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 97 | (4) The senators shall be chosen for a term of six years, and the names of the senators chosen for each State shall be certified by the Governor to the Governor General. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 98 | Section 9 [Electoral Method] (1) The Parliament of the Commonwealth may make laws prescribing the method of choosing senators, but so that the method shall be uniform for all the States. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 99 | (2) The Parliament of a State may make laws for determining the times and places of elections of senators for the State. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 100 | Section 12 [Dissolution] The Governor of any State may cause writs to be issued for elections of senators for the State. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 101 | To qualify, a woman must have worked for the same employer for at least two years; where a woman has been employed for between six months and two years, she is entitled to payments for the full 18 weeks at the flat rate only. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 102 | They must normally obtain a warrant before arresting someone for other offenses; an immediate arrest without a warrant may, however, take place if the police believe it is not possible or appropriate to issue a summons to appear in court, for instance where a suspect refuses to give a name and address. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 103 | In the case of a suspect arrested in connection with a serious arrestable offence, however, he or she may be detained for up to 36 hours without charge on the authority of a senior police officer; if the police wish to detain the suspect for longer than 36 hours, they must obtain authority from a court, which may not grant authority for a period beyond 96 hours from first detention. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 104 | (5) Some other forms of intrusion are criminal offenses, for example, the use of unlicensed radio transmitters for bugging, the harassment of tenants to make them quit, or the sending of unsolicited obscene material through the post. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 105 | Legislation passed in 1988 made provision for a new form of protection for designs and made litigation regarding patents simpler and cheaper. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 106 | The outcome of some cases has led to changes in British law to improve human rights, for example the abolition of corporal punishment in state schools and improved rights for prisoners.Britain is not a party to the Convention's Fourth Protocol (Freedom of Movement) because of inconsistency with some aspects of the United Kingdom immigration control system nor the Sixth Protocol (abolition of the death penalty). The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 107 | (1) Taking of Life: The mandatory penalty for murder is imprisonment for life. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 108 | Anyone sent to prison for murder is liable to be detained for the rest of his or her life but may be released on license. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 109 | (3) Victims of violent crime, including foreign nationals, may apply for compensation under the Criminal Injuries Compensation Scheme. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 110 | It may be forfeited for serious misconduct in prison. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 111 | (5) Life Sentence Prisoners: People serving life sentences for the murder of police and prison officers, terrorist murders, murder by firearms in the course of crime or the sexual or sadistic murder of children are normally detained for at least 20 years. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 112 | Government departments and public authorities can be sued for compensation for wrongful acts or breach of contract in the same way as individuals. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 113 | The police must caution a suspect before any questions are put for the purpose of obtaining evidence. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 114 | There is a defence against an obscenity charge on the grounds that the performance is for the public good in the interest of drama, opera or literature. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 115 | Part 8 Social Rights Section 24 General Social Rights Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to the realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and thefree development of his personality. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 116 | (4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 117 | (6) A fundamental reform of the vocational qualifications system is being undertaken by the National Council for Vocational Qualifications. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 118 | The basic working week in Great Britain is about 37,5 to 40 hours for manual work and 35 to 38 for non-manual work. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 119 | Another part of the system consists of non-contributory benefits such as child benefit paid for every child in a family and a range of benefits for severely disabled people and those looking after them. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 120 | The pay is 90 per cent of earnings for six weeks followed by a flat rate payment for a further 12 weeks. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 121 | and with the Indian Tribes; (4) To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; (5) To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; (6) To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States; (7) To Establish Post Offices and Post Roads; (8) To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries; (9) To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; (10) To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offenses against the Law of Nations; (11) To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; (12) To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years; (13) To provide and maintain a Navy; (14) To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces; (15) To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; (16) To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; (17) To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings; - And (18) To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 122 | Amendment XII [1804 - Presidential Elections] The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice- President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; - The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted; - The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 123 | Amendment V [1791 - Grand Jury, Double Jeopardy, Self-Incrimination, Due Process] No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty , or property , without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 124 | Amendment XXIV [1964 - Poll Tax] Section 1 [Tax] The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 125 | United States – Constitution • Preamble • Article I [Legislature] • Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] • Section 2 [House of Representatives] • Section 3 [Senate] • Section 4 [Elections of Senators and Representatives] • Section 5 [Rules of House and Senate] • Section 6 [Compensation and Privileges] • Section 7 [Bills] • Section 8 [Legislative Power] • Section 9 [Limits on Legislative Power] • Section 10 [Limits on States] • Article II [Presidency] • Section 1 [Election, Removal] • Section 2 [Presidential Powers] • Section 3 [Presidential Rights and Duties] • Section 4 [Impeachment] • Article III [Judiciary] • Section 1 [Judicial Power] • Section 2 [Scope of Judicial Power] • Section 3 [Treason] • Article IV [States] • Section 1 [Faith and Credit] • Section 2 [Privileges and Immunities, Extradiction, Fugitive Slaves] • Section 3 [Admission of States] • Section 4 [Guarantees to States] • Article V [Amendment Proceedings] • Article V [Amendment Proceedings] • Article VI [Constitutional Status] • Article VII [Ratification] { Adopted on: 17 Sep 1787 } { Effective since: 4 March 1789 } { ICL Document Status: 1994 } Preamble We, the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 126 | Section 8 [Legislative Power] (1) The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States; (2) To borrow money on the credit of the United States; (3) To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 127 | • Amendment I [1791 - Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, Petition] • Amendment II [1791 - Right to Bear Arms] • Amendment III [1791 - Quartering of Troops] • Amendment IV [1791 - Search and Seizure] • Amendment V [1791 - Grand Jury, Double Jeopardy, Self-Incrimination, Due Process] • Amendment VI [1791 - Criminal Prosecution] • Amendment VII [1791 - Common Law Suits] • Amendment VIII [1791 - Excess Bail or Fines, Cruel and Unusual Punishment] • Amendment IX [1791 - Non-Enumerative Rights] • Amendment X [1791 - Rights Reserved to States] • Amendment XI [1798 - Suits Against a State] • Amendment XI [1798 - Suits Against a State] • Amendment XII [1804 - Presidential Elections] • Amendment XIII [1865 - Abolition of Slavery] • Section 1 [Abolition Clause] • Section 2 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XIV [1868 - Privileges and Immunities, Due Process, Equal Protection] • Section 1 [Privileges and Immunities, Due Process, Equal Protection] • Section 2 [Apportionment of Representatives] • Section 3 [Civil War Disqualification] • Section 4 [Public Debt] • Section 5 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XV [1870 - Electoral Race Equality] • Section 1 [Right to Vote] • Section 2 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XVI [1913 - Income Tax] • Amendment XVI [1913 - Income Tax] • Amendment XVII [1913 - Election of Senators] • Amendment XVIII [1919 - Prohibition] • Section 1 [Prohibition] • Section 2 [Congressional and State Power] • Section 3 [Amendment Procedure] • Amendment XIX [1920 - Electoral Gender Equality] • Amendment XIX [1920 - Electoral Gender Equality] • Amendment XX [1933 - Presidential Office and Congress] • Section 1 [Terms] • Section 2 [Congressional Sessions] • Section 3 [Presidential Succession] • Section 4 [Congressional Succession] • Section 5 [Enforcement] • Section 6 [Amendment Procedure] • Amendment XXI [1933 - Repeal of Prohibition] • Section 1 [Repeal] • Section 2 [State Prohibition] • Section 3 [Amendment Procedure] • Amendment XXII [1951 - Presidential Two Term Limit] • Section 1 [Term Limit] • Section 2 [Amendment Procedure] • Amendment XXIII [1961 - Presidential Vote in D.C.] • Section 1 [Vote] • Section 2 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XXIV [1964 - Poll Tax] • Section 1 [Tax] • Section 2 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XXV [1967 - Presidential Succession] • Section 1 [Vice President] • Section 2 [Vice President Replacement] • Section 3 [Vice President as Acting President] • Section 4 [Vice President as Acting President] • Amendment XXVI [1971 - Maturity Age for Elections] • Section 1 [Vote at 18] • Section 2 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XXVII [1992 - Compensation of Members of Congress] • Amendment XXVII [1992 - Compensation of Members of Congress] Amendment I [1791 - Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, Petition] Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion , or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech , or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 128 | Amendment VI [1791 - Criminal Prosecution] In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 129 | But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 130 | If the President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 131 | (2) No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 132 | And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 133 | (7) The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 134 | (8) Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States." Section 2 [Presidential Powers] (1) The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the Executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 135 | Section 4 [Public Debt] The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 136 | Section 4 [Congressional Succession] The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 137 | Amendment XXIII [1961 - Presidential Vote in D.C.] Section 1 [Vote] The District constituting the seat of Government of the United States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct: A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous state; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the states, but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors appointed by a state; and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 138 | Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in session. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 139 | Section 2 [House of Representatives] (1) The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 140 | (3) Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 141 | The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall: 1) guarantee observance of rights and freedoms of citizens, the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, sovereignty, security and territorial integrity of the Republic of Uzbekistan, implementation of decisions regarding its national-state structure; 2) represent the Republic of Uzbekistan within the country and in international relations; 3) conduct negotiations and sign treaties and agreements of the Republic of Uzbekistan, ensure the observance of the negotiated by the Republic treaties, agreements and the assumed by it obligations; 4) receive letters of credence and recall from diplomatic and other representatives accredited to him; 5) present to the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan nominees for appointment heads of diplomatic and other representative offices of the Republic of Uzbekistan to foreign states and with international organizations; 6) have the right to address the people and the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan on major matters of realizing home and foreign policies of the country; 7) form and abolish ministries and other republican bodies of executive authority with subsequent submission of decrees on these matters for approval by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 8) represent to the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan a nominee for the election on the post of the Chairperson of the Senate; 9) appoint, with the approval of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis, the Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the members of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan and dismisses them from their posts; 10) appoint and dismiss heads of committees, agencies and other republican state bodies in accordance with the legislation; 11) appoint and dismiss the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Chairperson of the Chamber of Accounts of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the approval of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 12) appoint, after consultation with the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Chairperson of the State Security Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and dismisses him from his post; 13) present candidates to the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as for the posts of Chairperson of the Board of the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan, head of the republican body to counteract corruption and head of the republican anti-monopoly body; 14) appoint and dismiss, upon the submission of the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Chairpersons and deputy Chairpersons of courts in regions and the city of Tashkent, the Chairperson of the Military Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan; approve members of the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 15) appoint and relieve, upon the submission of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan, khokims of districts and cities of their posts in accordance with law. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 142 | The exclusive powers of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall include: 1) election the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, the Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the head of the republican anti-corruption body and the head of the republican anti-monopoly body on representation of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 2) consideration and approval of the candidates for the posts of theProsecutor General of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the chairperson of the Chamber of Accounts of the Republic of Uzbekistan on representation of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 3) conducting consultations on the candidature proposed by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the post of the chairperson of State Security Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 4) on the nomination of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan appointment and dismissal of the heads of diplomatic missions and other representations of the Republic of Uzbekistan in foreign states and international organizations on representation of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 5) appointment and relief of the Chairperson of the Board of the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan on representation of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan 6) ratification of decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the establishment and abolition of ministries and other republican bodies of executive power; 7) adoption of amnesty acts on representation of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 8) hearing the reports of the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Chairperson of the Board of the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 9) hearing the reports of the heads of diplomatic missions and other representations of the Republic of Uzbekistan in foreign states and international organizations on the issues of their activities; 10) submission of parliamentary inquiries to the officials of state bodies and carrying out other forms of parliamentary control; 11) assistance to the representative bodies of state power on the ground in the performance of their activities; 12) rescission of the decisions of representative bodies of state power on the ground in the case of their inconsistency with the norms of legislation; 13) election of the Chairperson of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan and his deputies, chairpersons of committees and their deputies; 14) adoption of decisions on deprivation of a member of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from immunity on the representation of the Prosecutor General of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 15) adoption of decisions on the matters relating to the organisation of chamber's activities and its internal organisation; 16) adopting resolutions on certain issues in the field of political, social and economic life, as well as on issues of national and foreign policy; 17) exercising the powers of the Oliy Majlis to legislate, with the exception of the Constitution and constitutional laws, during the dissolution of the Legislative Chamber; 18) exercising other powers stipulated by the Constitution and laws. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 143 | The joint conduct of the Legislative Chamber and the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall include: 1) adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, introducing amendments; 2) adoption of the Constitutional laws and laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, introducing amendments; 3) ratification and denouncement of international treaties; 4) adoption of decision on holding a referendum of the Republic of Uzbekistan and designation the date of its holding; 5) determination of the guidelines of national and foreign policies of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and adoption of strategic state programs; 6) determination of the structure and powers of the bodies of the legislative, executive and judicial authorities of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 7) admission of new state formations into the Republic of Uzbekistan and approval of decisions to secede from the Republic of Uzbekistan; 8) legislative regulation of customs, currency and credit systems; 9) approval of the state budget of the Republic of Uzbekistan submitted by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, introducing amendments; 10) determination of the maximum size of government debt of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 11) determination of taxes and other compulsory payments; 12) legislative regulation of the administrative and territorial structure, and alteration of the boundaries of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 13) formation, annulment and renaming of districts, towns, cities and regions, and alteration of their boundaries; 14) institution of state awards and titles; 15) formation of the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 16) election of an Authorized Person of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Human Rights (Ombudsman) and the Deputy of Ombudsman; 17) ratification of decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on announcement of condition of war in case of attack on the Republic of Uzbekistan or necessity of implementation of contractual obligations on mutual defense from aggression; 18) ratification of decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on announcement of general and partial mobilization, introducing, prolongation or discontinuance of the state of emergency; 19) hearing the annual National Report on anti-corruption in the Republic of Uzbekistan; 20) conducting parliamentary investigation; 21) exercising of other powers specified by the Constitution and laws. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 144 | Conditions and the procedure for introducing the state of emergency shall be set by law; 20) serve as the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan, appoint and relieve the supreme command of the Armed Forces of the post and confer the highest military ranks; 21) award orders, medals and certificates of honour of the Republic of Uzbekistan, confer qualification and honorary titles of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 22) rule on matters of citizenship of the Republic of Uzbekistan and granting political asylum; 23) put to the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan submission on adoption of acts of amnesty and effectuate pardoning of persons condemned by courts of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 24) form and head the Security Council at the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, forms the Presidential Administration, as well as consultative, advisory and other bodies at the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan in order to ensure the implementation of its competence; 25) exercise other powers stipulated by the present Constitution and laws. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 145 | The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall have the right to relieve, by his decision, khokims of districts and cities of their posts, should they violate the Constitution, laws or perform acts discrediting the honour and dignity of a khokim; 16) suspend, cancel acts of republican executive bodies and khokims; have the right to chair the meetings of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 17) sign and promulgate laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan; shall have the right to return a law, with his objections, to the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the second discussion and vote; 18) announce condition of war in cas e of attack on the Republic of Uzbekistan or in case of necessity of the implementation of contractual obligations on mutual defense from aggression, general or partial mobilization and within seventy two hours submit the adopted decision for approval by the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 19) in exceptional cases (real outside threat, mass disturbances, major catastrophes, natural calamities, epidemics) in the interests of ensuring citizens’ security introduce the state of emergency on the entire territory or in the particular localities of the Republic of Uzbekistan and within seventy two hours submit the adopted decision for approval by the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 146 | The Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall: 1) take responsibility for the conduct of effective economic, social, financial, money and credit policies; the development and realization of programs on development of science, culture, education, healthcare and other areas of economy and social sphere; 2) take measures to ensure sustainable economic growth, macroeconomic stability, poverty reduction, creation of decent living conditions for the population, food security, creation of a favorable investment climate, integrated and sustainable development of territories; 3) ensure the effective functioning of the system of social protection of the population, including persons with disabilities; 4) ensure the implementation of a unified state policy in the field of environmental protection, conservation of natural wealth and biological diversity, combating climate change, epidemics, pandemics, mitigating their consequences; 5) ensure the implementation of the state youth policy, takes measures to support, strengthen and protect the family, preserve traditional family values; 6) take measures to support the institutions of civil society, ensure their participation in the development and implementation of programs for socio-economic development and social partnership; 7) take measures to protect economic, social and other rights and legitimate interests of citizens; 8) ensure the implementation of the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, decisions of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis, decrees, resolutions and orders of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 9) coordinate and directs the work of executive authorities, exercises control over their activities in the manner prescribed by law; 10) take measures to ensure openness and transparency, legality and efficiency in the work of executive authorities, countering corruption in their activities, improving the quality and accessibility of public services; 11) represent the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan annual report on the most important issues of the socio-economic life of the country; 12) exercise other powers provided for by this Constitution and laws. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 147 | The Speaker of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall: 1) convoke sittings of the Legislative Chamber, preside at them; 2) exercise the general direction over a preliminary review of matters to be submitted for consideration by the Legislative Chamber; 3) coordinate the work of the committees and commissions of the Legislative Chamber; 4) organize the control over the implementation of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan and resolutions of the Legislative Chamber; 5) direct the work on antiparliamentary relations and the activity of the groups of the Legislative Chamber connected with the work of international parliamentary organizations; 6) represent the Legislative Chamber in interrelation with the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, other state bodies, foreign states, international and other organizations; 7) sign resolutions of the Legislative Chamber; 8) exercise other powers provided for by this Constitution and legislative acts. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 148 | The Chairperson of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall: 1) convoke sittings of the Senate, preside at them; 2) exercise the general direction over a preliminary review of matters to be submitted for consideration by the Senate; 3) coordinate the work of the committees and commissions of the Senate; 4) organize the control over the implementation of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan and resolutions of the Senate; 5) direct the work on interparliamentary relations and the activity of the groups of the Senate connected with the work of international parliamentary organizations; 6) represent the Senate in interrelation with the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, other state bodies, foreign states, international and other organizations; 7) sign resolutions of the Senate; 8) exercise other powers provided for by this Constitution and legislative acts. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 149 | The grounds and procedure for acquiring and forfeiting citizenship shall be defined by law. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 150 | Without a court decision, a person may not be detained for more than forty-eight hours. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 151 | During detention, the person must be informed about his or her rights and the reasons for detention in a language he or she understands. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 152 | The State shall create conditions for the development of physical culture and sports, the formation of a healthy lifestyle among the population. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 153 | In the Republic of Uzbekistan, the work of a teacher shall be recognized as the basis for the development of society and the state, the formation and education of a healthy, harmoniously developed generation, the preservation and enhancement of the spiritual and cultural potential of the people. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 154 | The State shall create the conditions for full access of persons with disabilities to objects and services of the social, economic and cultural spheres, and promote their employment and education, and shall ensure the opportunity to obtain the necessary information without hindrance. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 155 | The State shall create conditions for intellectual, creative, physical and moral formation and development of young people, the exercise of their rights to education, health care, housing, recruitment, employment and recreation. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 156 | The mass media shall be responsible for the reliability of the information they provide. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 157 | On the law rejected by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan the Legislative Chamber and the Senate, on a par with, may form from among deputies of the Legislative Chamber and members of the Senate a conciliatory commission for overcoming the occured disagreements. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 158 | Promulgation of laws and other normative-legal acts shall be an obligatory condition for their enforcement. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 159 | The Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the term of its powers shall elect from among deputies of the Legislative Chamber the committees for drafting laws, preliminary consideration and preparation of matters to be submitted to the Legislative Chamber, control over the implementation of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan and decisions to be adopted by the Legislative Chamber. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 160 | The Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the term of its powers shall elect from among senators the committees for preliminary consideration and preparation of matters to be submitted to the Senate, control over the implementation of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan and decisions to be adopted by the Senate. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
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