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USA Electoral Law

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1 But this would not be because the result can be shown to have been affected—there may be no way to discover how the people voted on the extra polling days—but because a deeper principle is involved. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. Australian Electoral Law
2 But if de-registered, the DLP’s candidates will be denied benefits such as ballot labelling and lose control of Senate preferences, two key benefits that make minor party electoral activity meaningful. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. Australian Electoral Law
3 But even assuming parliament cannot be trusted to enact disinterested law, judicial review may not always be the best cure. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. Australian Electoral Law
4 Unlike Canada, with its Charter of Rights and Freedoms, there is no constitutional guarantee on which to support prisoner voting.40 It remains to be argued whether sections 7 and 24 of the Constitution, which require Federal Parliament to be “directly chosen by the people,” could be interpreted by a rights-oriented High Court to deny Parliament the power to disenfranchise competent adult citizens. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. Australian Electoral Law
5 Until then, it remains ironic that some libertarian minded Australians prefer to go to jail, for a symbolic period, rather than be compelled to vote, whereas a significant number of prisoners want to vote, but are unable to, despite the electoral commissions employing mobile polling booths in prison for those inmates who are entitled to vote. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. Australian Electoral Law
6 Without a solid constitutional guarantee on which to hang such a case, the Court has been unwilling to follow the lead of the United States Supreme Court in such seminal cases as Baker v Carr47 and Reynolds v Sims.48 But these failures, and the exceptional Queensland and Western Australian systems aside, a political and legal consensus has emerged around a principle that, at the very maximum, no seat should be above or below a tolerance of 10% from the average enrolment. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. Australian Electoral Law
7 If excessive candidate numbers threaten the ballot’s integrity, a logical reform would be rationing access to nomination, such as increasing the number of signatures required to establish a person’s candidature. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. Australian Electoral Law
8 A related, if secondary cause is a traditional reluctance on the part of many judges to involve themselves in an area felt to be better left to parliamentary debate and independent electoral administration. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. Australian Electoral Law
9 Sections 7 and 24 of the Constitution require, respectively, that the members of the Senate and the House of Representatives of the Federal Parliament be “directly chosen by the people”. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. Australian Electoral Law
10 On present indications, it is likely to be confined to its facts, such that only regulations clearly and significantly impacting on core electoral speech will be subject to serious scrutiny. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. Australian Electoral Law
11 To date, when ACTV-inspired cases have been tried, they have tended to be run, unfortunately, by unrepresented litigants. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. Australian Electoral Law
12 The House of Representatives voted on party lines to uphold his qualifications and not refer the matter to the courts.20 Yet any person, invoking the “common informer” provisions, can litigate such an issue and the point can also be used as an “irregularity” to found a post-election petition (assuming the member’s disqualification remains at the following election). This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. Australian Electoral Law
13 In either case, the independence of the judiciary could be tested, as the court would need to decide on the relevance of Parliament’s prior ruling (made in all likelihood on party lines) on the member’s qualifications. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. Australian Electoral Law
14 The most famous case is Woodward v Sarsons (1875),27 which addressed administrative problems with the newly enacted secret ballot legislation by invoking the “common law of parliamentary elections.” In Woodward, an eminent bench held that an election could be voided on two grounds: (a) if there was “no real electing at all”—meaning the constituency did not have a free and fair opportunity of electing the candidate the majority might prefer; or (b) if the election was “not really conductedunder the subsisting election laws”— meaning the errors were so fundamental that, in a sense, a different method of election was used to that laid down in the legislation.28 The application of these tests is a matter of great conjecture. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. Australian Electoral Law
15 The Court’s reasoning is unfortunate because it opens the way, at least in South Australia, for every election result to be petitioned on the basis of misleading statements, possibly taken out of the context, made during an election campaign. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. Australian Electoral Law
16 The net result is that the rule of law may be less entrenched in disputed elections than Australians care to believe. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. Australian Electoral Law
17 Generally, at the federal level, one only has to be “living” in a federal division to be able to enroll, although there is a 1-month qualification period and the traditional electoral form stipulates a residential address. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. Australian Electoral Law
18 However, as Malcolm Mackerras argues, the Senate voting system is really only “semi-proportional” since minor parties must poll a significant primary vote to achieve the 14% quota for a normal half-Senate election, and usually only one seat per state is “up for grabs.” Increasing the number of Senators to be returned would decrease the quota, and in the long-run favor minor parties. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. Australian Electoral Law
19 But in any event, as long as minor party, independent and protest voting runs at current levels of 15–20%, significant reform favoring the parties of government is unlikely to be popular, and tinkering at the edges of the quotas is unlikely to affect the number of hung Senates. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. Australian Electoral Law
20 When quotas are this small, even micro parties can win seats, as the STV can become a lottery, depending on the order in which candidates happen to be excluded from the count and the preference deals they have done. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. Australian Electoral Law
21 (2) After subsection (1) insert— “(1A) A person (“P”) is guilty of an offence if P applies for the appointment of a proxy to vote for P— (a) at a parliamentary election, where P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at that election, or at parliamentary elections, for four or more other electors; (b) at a parliamentary election where— (i) P is or will be registered in a register of parliamentary electors otherwise than in pursuance of an overseas elector’s declaration or a service declaration, and (ii) P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at that election, or at parliamentary elections, for two or more other electors none of whom is registered in a register of parliamentary electors in pursuance of an overseas elector’s declaration or a service declaration; (c) at a local government election in England, where P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at that election, or at local government elections in England, for four or more other electors; (d) at a local government election in England where— (i) P is or will be registered in a register of local government electors in England otherwise than in pursuance of a service declaration, and (ii) P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at that election, or at local government elections in England, for two or more other electors none of whom is registered in a register of local government electors in England in pursuance of a service declaration; (e) at parliamentary elections, where P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at a parliamentary election, or at parliamentary elections, for four or more other electors; (f) at parliamentary elections where— (i) P is or will be registered in a register of parliamentary electors otherwise than in pursuance of an overseas elector’s declaration or a service declaration, and (ii) P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at a parliamentary election, or at parliamentary elections, for two or more other electors none of whom is registered in a register of parliamentary electors in pursuance of an overseas elector’s declaration or a service declaration; (g) at local government elections in England, where P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at a local government election in England, or at local government elections in England, for four or more other electors; (h) at local government elections in England, where— (i) P is or will be registered in a register of local government electors in England otherwise than in pursuance of a service declaration, and (ii) P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote, at a local government election in England, or at local government elections in England, for two or more other electors none of whom is registered in a register of local government electors in England in pursuance of a service declaration.” (3) After subsection (3A) insert— “(3B) A person (“P”) is also guilty of an offence if P votes as proxy— (a) for more than four electors— (i) at a parliamentary election; (ii) where the polls for two or more parliamentary elections are held on the same day, at those elections taken together; (iii) at a local government election in England; (iv) where the polls for two or more local government elections in England are held on the same day, at those elections taken together; (b) for more than two electors— (i) at a parliamentary election, or (ii) where the polls for two or more parliamentary elections are held on the same day, at those elections taken together, where P knows that more than two of those electors are registered in a register of parliamentary electors otherwise than in pursuance of an overseas elector’s declaration or a service declaration; (c) for more than two electors— (i) at a local government election in England, or (ii) where the polls for two or more local government elections in England are held on the same day, at those elections taken together, where P knows that more than two of those electors are registered in a register of local government electors otherwise than in pursuance of a service declaration.” (4) In subsection (4)— (a) omit “at a parliamentary election in any constituency or”; (b) after “any electoral area” insert “in Wales or Scotland”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. Great Britain Electoral Law
22 42 In the entry for rule 37 (voting procedure), before the paragraph beginning “In paragraph (1E)(b)” insert— “In paragraph (1DC), for sub-paragraph (b) substitute— “(b) where the voter is registered in a register of local government electors in Great Britain and does not also fall within sub-paragraph (a), paragraph 9(1) of Part 1 of Schedule 2 to the Local Elections (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 or section 8 ( 7 ) o f t h e Representation of the People Act 1985.”” Part 2—Elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly 43 Against the entry for rule 38 (votes marked by presiding officer), after the paragraph beginning “In paragraph (1)” insert— “In paragraph (1A), for “vote to be marked on a ballot paper” substitute “ballot paper to be marked”.” 44 In the table, after the entry for rule 53A of Schedule 1 to RPA 1983 insert— “Rule 53B (destruction of date of birth lists)” 45 In the entry for section 8 of the Representation of the People Act 1985 (proxies at elections), in the right-hand column— (a) before the entry relating to subsection (3)(b) of that section insert— “In subsection (2A), for “register of parliamentary electors in Great Britain or Northern Ireland” substitute “register of local government electors in Great Britain or a register of local electors in Northern Ireland”; (b) after the entry relating to subsection (6) of that section insert— “In subsection (7A), for “subsections (6) and” substitute “subsection”.” 46 In the Annex, in the form of declaration to be made by the companion of a voter with disabilities— (a) in the section of the form beginning “I have been requested”, for the words from “I am entitled” to “does not apply” substitute “I am aged 18 or over”; (b) in the section of the form beginning “NOTE”, after “any person” insert “except the elector to whom assistance is being provided”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. Great Britain Electoral Law
23 2 After section 13BC insert— “13BD Electoral identity document: Great Britain (1) An application for an electoral identity document may be made by a person who— (a) is or has applied to be registered in a register of parliamentary electors in Great Britain or a register of local government electors in England, or (b) is or has applied to be registered in a register of local government electors in Wales and— (i) is entitled to vote or, as the case may be, will on being registered be entitled to vote, at an election of a police and crime commissioner for a police area in Wales (see section 52(1A) of the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011), or (ii) will be entitled to vote or, as the case may be, will on being registered be entitled to vote, at such an election on attaining the age of 18. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. Great Britain Electoral Law
24 (2) In paragraph (3), after sub-paragraph (e) insert— “(f) in the case of an election held in Northern Ireland, the lists prepared for the polling station under rule 19B.” (3) After paragraph (3) insert— “(3ZA) In the case of an election held in England and Wales or Scotland, the returning officer must also provide each polling station with a prescribed form (referred to in these rules as “the ballot paper refusal list”) on which entries are to be made as mentioned in rule 40ZB (refusal to deliver ballot paper: Great Britain).” (4) After paragraph (4) insert— “(4A) In the case of an election held in England and Wales or Scotland, a large notice must be displayed inside each polling station containing— (a) details of the documents the voter needs to produce when applying for a ballot paper, namely— (i) in the case of an elector (other than an elector with an anonymous entry) or a proxy, any of the forms of identification for the time being referred to in rule 37(1H); (ii) in the case of an elector with an anonymous entry, the elector’s official poll card and an anonymous elector’s document showing the same electoral number as the electoral number shown on the official poll card, and (b) a statement that further proof of identity may be required to resolve any discrepancy between the name of the holder of a specified form of identification and the name of the elector or proxy that the voter claims to be.” 16 (1) Rule 35 (questions to be put to voters) is amended as follows. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. Great Britain Electoral Law
25 46 Electronic material relating to more than one candidate or future candidate (1) For the purposes of section 41 as it has effect by virtue of sections 42 and 43, electronic material to which subsection (2) applies— (a) is not to be regarded as being published on behalf of a candidate or future candidate merely because it can be regarded as influencing the public, or any section of the public, to give support to or withhold support from the candidate or future candidate, but (b) may be regarded as being published on behalf of the party mentioned in subsection (2). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. Great Britain Electoral Law
26 (3) For the purposes of section 41 as it has effect by virtue of sections 44 and 45, electronic material to which subsection (4) applies— (a) is not to be regarded as being published on behalf of a candidate or future candidate merely because it can be regarded as promoting or procuring the election of a candidate or future candidate at an election, but (b) may be regarded as being published on behalf of the party mentioned in subsection (4). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. Great Britain Electoral Law
27 (8) In subsection (3)— (a) in paragraph (a), for “either” substitute “any of the following sub-paragraphs applies— (ai) during a regulated period in relation to which any limit is imposed by paragraph 3, 7, 9, 10 or 11 of Schedule 10 (periods involving parliamentary general elections or general elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly), any controlled expenditure is incurred by or on behalf of a third party in excess of £10,000;”; (b) at the end of paragraph (a)(i), for “, or” substitute “;”; (c) for paragraph (b) substitute— “(b) the third party— (i) in a case within paragraph (a)(ai) or (ii), is not a recognised third party; (ii) in a case within paragraph (a)(i), is not a recognised third party or, where the regulated period is one in relation to which any limit is imposed by paragraph 3, 7, 9, 10 or 11 of Schedule 10, is a recognised third party but is subject to the lower-tier expenditure limits.” (9) After subsection (4) insert— “(4ZA) In its application to a case within subsection (3)(a)(i) where the third party is a recognised third party that is subject to the lower-tier expenditure limits, the reference in subsection (4)(a)(i) to any person who authorised the expenditure to be incurred is to be read as a reference to the responsible person.” (10) After subsection (10) insert— “(10A) Where an offence under subsection (4) is committed in the case of a recognised third party that is subject to the lower-tier expenditure limits— (a) the third party ceases to be subject to those limits at the time the offence is committed, and (b) this Part then applies to the third party as if the notification under section 88(1) which is for the time being in force in relation to the third party did not contain a statement under section 88(3D).” (11) In section 94A of PPERA (arrangements between third parties notified to the Commission), after subsection (5) insert— “(5A) A recognised third party that is subject to the lower-tier expenditure limits may not send a notice under subsection (1).” (12) The following subsection: “( ) This section does not apply in relation to a recognised third party that is subject to the lower-tier expenditure limits.”— (a) is inserted after the provision of PPERA mentioned in the left-hand column of the following table, and (b) is inserted after that provision with the applicable number mentioned in the right-column of the table. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. Great Britain Electoral Law
28 13BE Anonymous elector’s document: Great Britain (1) An application for an anonymous elector’s document may be made by a person who— (a) has or has applied for an anonymous entry in a register of parliamentary electors in Great Britain or a register of local government electors in England, or (b) has or has applied for an anonymous entry in a register of local government electors in Wales and— (i) is entitled to vote or, as the case may be, will on having an anonymous entry in the register be entitled to vote, at an election of a police and crime commissioner for a police area in Wales (see section 52(1A) of the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011), or (ii) will be entitled to vote or, as the case may be, will on having an anonymous entry in the register be entitled to vote, at such an election on attaining the age of 18. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. Great Britain Electoral Law
29 (5) In this section— “the Islands” means the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man; “qualifying country” means a country— (a) that was a member State immediately before IP completion day, other than the Republic of Ireland, (b) that was part of a member State immediately before IP completion day, other than the Republic of Ireland, or (c) that is formed entirely of two or more former countries, both or all of which were member States immediately before IP completion day, other than the Republic of Ireland; “ratification”, in relation to a treaty, is to be construed in accordance with section 25(3) of the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010; “relevant treaty” means a treaty containing provision relating to eligibility to vote and to stand as a candidate at elections; “treaty” has the same meaning as in Part 2 of the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010 (see section 25 of that Act). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. Great Britain Electoral Law
30 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. Great Britain Electoral Law
31 (4) In rule 45 (the count)— (a) in paragraph (1B)— (i) omit “and” at the end of sub-paragraph (c); (ii) insert “and” at the end of sub-paragraph (d); (iii) after sub-paragraph (d) insert— “(e) where regulations contain provision made by virtue of paragraph 12ZA of Schedule 2 (handing in postal voting documents), the postal ballot paper is not one that falls to be rejected in accordance with that provision.”; (b) in paragraph (2)— (i) for sub-paragraph (a) substitute— “(a) it is returned in the prescribed manner, accompanied by the declaration of identity duly signed and authenticated, and reaches the returning officer before the close of the poll,”; (ii) insert “and” at the end of sub-paragraph (b); (iii) after sub-paragraph (b) insert— “(c) where regulations contain provision made by virtue of paragraph 12ZB of Schedule 2 (handing in postal voting documents: Northern Ireland), the postal ballot paper is not one that falls to be rejected in accordance with that provision.” (5) In Schedule 2 (provisions which may be contained in regulations as to registration etc), after paragraph 12 insert— “12ZA (1) Where regulations under rule 45(1B)(a) or (b) in Schedule 1 provide that a postal voting document may be returned by hand to a polling station or to the returning officer, provision within this paragraph. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. Great Britain Electoral Law
32 1C Overseas elector’s declaration (1) An overseas elector’s declaration must— (a) give the full name of the person making the declaration (“the declarant”), (b) state the date of the declaration, (c) state that the declarant is a British citizen, (d) state that the declarant is not resident in the United Kingdom on the date of the declaration, (e) state whether the declarant is seeking to be registered in reliance on the previous registration condition or the previous residence condition, (f) contain any other prescribed information and satisfy any other prescribed requirements (which may include requirements for the declaration to be attested), and (g) state that the declarant believes the matters stated in the declaration to be true. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. Great Britain Electoral Law
33 (3) For the purposes of subsection (1)(a) a person is a future candidate at an election for a relevant elective office or a relevant Scottish elective office if— (a) the person has been declared, whether by the person or by others, to be a candidate at the election (and the declaration has not been withdrawn), (b) the election is the next scheduled election for the office, and (c) the notice of the election has not been published or, in the case of an election for the office of member of the House of Commons, the writ for the election has not been issued. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. Great Britain Electoral Law
34 (2) After sub-paragraph (1) insert— “(1A) A person (“P”) is guilty of an illegal practice if P applies for the appointment of a proxy to vote for P— (a) at a local election, where P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at that election, or at local elections, for four or more other electors; (b) at a local election where— (i) P is or will be registered in the register of local electors otherwise than by virtue of a service qualification, and (ii) P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at that election, or at local elections, for two or more other electors none of whom is registered in a register of local electors by virtue of a service qualification; (c) at local elections, where P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at a local election, or at local elections, for four or more other electors; (d) at local elections, where— (i) P is or will be registered in the register of local electors otherwise than by virtue of a service qualification, and (ii) P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at a local election, or at local elections, for two or more other electors none of whom is registered in a register of local electors by virtue of a service qualification.” (3) For sub-paragraph (4) substitute— “(4) A person is also guilty of an illegal practice if the person votes as proxy— (a) for more than four electors— (i) at a local election, or (ii) where the polls for two or more local elections are held on the same day, at those elections taken together; (b) for more than two electors— (i) at a local election, or (ii) where the polls for two or more local elections are held on the same day, at those elections taken together, where the person knows that more than two of those electors are registered in a register of local electors otherwise than by virtue of a service qualification.” (4) In sub-paragraph (6), after “deemed to have voted” insert “(but see sub-paragraph (6A))”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. Great Britain Electoral Law
35 (2) The Secretary of State must by regulations add a country to the list in Schedule 6A where— (a) the country is a qualifying country, (b) the United Kingdom and the country intend to become parties to a relevant treaty, and (c) section 20 of the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010 (treaties to be laid before Parliament before ratification) applies in relation to the relevant treaty and the requirements of that section have been met such that the relevant treaty may be ratified. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. Great Britain Electoral Law
36 37 Elections Act 2022 2022 CHAPTER 37 An Act to make provision about the administration and conduct of elections, including provision designed to strengthen the integrity of the electoral process and provision about the use of the simple majority system in elections for certain offices; about overseas electors; about voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens; about the designation of a strategy and policy statement for the Electoral Commission; about the membership of the Speaker’s Committee; about the Electoral Commission’s functions in relation to criminal proceedings; about financial information to be provided by a political party on applying for registration; for preventing a person being registered as a political party and being a recognised non-party campaigner at the same time; about regulation of expenditure for political purposes; about disqualification of offenders for holding elective offices; about information to be included in electronic campaigning material; and for connected purposes. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. Great Britain Electoral Law
37 (12) If the functions of the Levelling Up, Housing and Communities Committee at the passing of this Act with respect to electoral matters (or functions corresponding substantially to such matters) become functions of a different committee of the House of Commons, the reference in subsection (1)(b) to that Committee is to be read as a reference to the committee which for the time being has those functions.” (2) In section 156 of PPERA (orders and regulations), in subsection (3), before paragraph (a) insert— “(za) an order under section 100B(8);” (3) In Schedule 8A to PPERA (controlled expenditure: qualifying expenses), in paragraph 3, after sub-paragraph (10) insert— “(11) This paragraph does not apply in relation to expenses incurred during a period in relation to which any limit is imposed by paragraph 3, 7, 9, 10 or 11 of Schedule 10 (regulated periods for parliamentary general elections or general elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly) (see sections 100A and 100B as regards expenses incurred during such a period).” PART 5 DISQUALIFICATION OF OFFENDERS FOR HOLDING ELECTIVE OFFICE ETC 30 Disqualification orders (1) This section applies where— (a) a person (“the offender”) is convicted of a Schedule 9 offence, (b) the offender was aged 18 or over when the offence was committed, and (c) the court is satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that the offence is aggravated by hostility related to persons falling within any of sections 32 to 34. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. Great Britain Electoral Law
38 (6) Information that is included as part of electronic material— (a) must be legible or audible (as the case may be) regardless of the device used to access the material, and (b) must be such that, if the electronic material were to be republished by a person who did not alter the material, the information would be retained as part of the material when republished. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. Great Britain Electoral Law
39 (6) Where any other unincorporated association is guilty of an offence under this Part and the offence is proved to have been committed with the consent or connivance of, or to be attributable to any neglect on the part of— (a) any officer of the association, or (b) any member of the committee or other similar governing body of the association, the officer or member, as well as the association, is guilty of that offence and liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. Great Britain Electoral Law
40 (2) In paragraph (3), for the words from “except” to the end substitute “except— (a) order the arrest of any person or the exclusion or removal of any person from the polling station, (b) refuse to deliver a ballot paper under rule 35(3) or the relevant paragraph of rule 37, or (c) resolve doubts over identity as mentioned in the relevant paragraph of rule 37.” (3) After paragraph (3) insert— “(4) In paragraph (3), “the relevant paragraph of rule 37” means— (a) in sub-paragraph (b)— (i) paragraph (1E) of rule 37 as it extends to England and Wales and to Scotland (including that paragraph as applied by rule 38, 39 or 40); (ii) paragraph (1C) of rule 37 as it extends to Northern Ireland (including that paragraph as applied by rule 38, 39 or 40); (b) in sub-paragraph (c)— (i) paragraph (1F) of rule 37 as it extends to England and Wales and to Scotland (including that paragraph as applied by rule 38, 39 or 40); (ii) paragraph (1DA) of rule 37 as it extends to Northern Ireland (including that paragraph as applied by rule 38, 39 or 40).” 14 In rule 28 (issue of official poll cards), after paragraph (3) insert— “(3ZA) In the case of a form prescribed under paragraph (3) that relates to— (a) elections in England and Wales or Scotland, and (b) an official poll card to be sent to an elector or proxy voting in person at a polling station, the form must include details of the documents the voter needs to bring to the polling station, namely— (i) in the case of an elector (other than an elector with an anonymous entry) or a proxy, any of the forms of identification for the time being referred to in rule 37(1H); (ii) in the case of an elector with an anonymous entry, the elector’s official poll card and an anonymous elector’s document showing the same electoral number as the electoral number shown on the official poll card.” 15 (1) Rule 29 (equipment of polling stations) is amended as follows. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. Great Britain Electoral Law
41 A political organization which accepts a contribution or makes an expenditure, for an exempt function during any calendar year shall file with the Secretary either— (A) (i) in the case of a calendar year in which a regularly scheduled election is held— (I) quarterly reports, beginning with the first quarter of the calendar year in which a contribution is accepted or expenditure is made, which shall be filed not later than the fifteenth day after the last day of each calendar quarter, except that the report for the quarter ending on December 31 of such calendar year shall be filed not later than January 31 of the following calendar year, (II) a pre-election report, which shall be filed not later than the twelfth day before (or posted by registered or certified mail not later than the fifteenth day before) any election with respect to which the organization makes a contribution or expenditure, and which shall be complete as of the twentieth day before the election, and (III) a post-general election report, which shall be filed not later than the thirtieth day after the general election and which shall be complete as of the twentieth day after such general election, and (ii) in the case of any other calendar year, a report covering the period beginning January 1 and ending June 30, which shall be filed no later than July 31 and a report covering the period beginning July 1 and ending December 31, which shall be filed no later than January 31 of the following calendar year, or, (B) monthly reports for the calendar year, beginning with the first month of the calendar year in which a contribution is accepted or expenditure is made, which shall be filed not later than the twentieth day after the last day of the month and shall be complete as if the last day of the month, except that, in lieu of filing the reports otherwise due in November and December of any year in which a regularly scheduled general election is held, a pre-general election report shall be filed in accordance with subparagraph (A)(i)(II), a post-general election report shall be filed in accordance with subparagraph (A)(i)(III), and a year-end report shall be filed not later than January 31 of the following calendar year. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. USA Electoral Law
42 (4) All political committees other than authorized committees of a candidate shall file either— (A) (i) quarterly reports, in a calendar year in which a regularly scheduled general election is held, which shall be filed no later than the 15th day after the last day of each calendar quarter: except that the report for the quarter ending on December 31 of such calendar year shall be filed no later than January 31 of the following calendar year; (ii) a pre-election report, which shall be filed no later than the 12th day before (or posted by any of the following: registered mail, certified mail, priority mail having a delivery confirmation, or express mail having a delivery confirmation, or delivered to an overnight delivery service with an on-line tracking system, if posted or delivered no later than the 15th day before) any election in which the committee makes a contribution to or expenditure on behalf of a candidate in such election, and which shall be complete as of the 20th day before the election; (iii) a post-general election report, which shall be filed no later than the 30th day after the general election and which shall be complete as of the 20th day after such general election; and (iv) in any other calendar year, a report covering the period beginning January 1 and ending June 30, which shall be filed no later than July 31 and a report covering the period beginning July 1 and ending December 31, which shall be filed no later than January 31 of the following calendar year; or (B) monthly reports in all calendar years which shall be filed no later than the 20th day after the last day of the month and shall be complete as of the last day of the month, except that, in lieu of filing the reports otherwise due in November and December of any year in which a regularly scheduled general election is held, a pre-general election report shall be filed in accordance with paragraph (2)(A)(i), a post-general election report shall be filed in accordance with paragraph (2)(A)(ii), and a year-end report shall be filed no later than January 31 of the following calendar year. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. USA Electoral Law
43 (B) The term “expenditure” does not include— (i) any news story, commentary, or editorial distributed through the facilities of any broadcasting station, newspaper, magazine, or other periodical publication, unless such facilities are owned or controlled by any political party, political committee, or candidate; (ii) nonpartisan activity designed to encourage individuals to vote or to register to vote; (iii) any communication by any membership organization or corporation to its members, stockholders, or executive or administrative personnel, if such membership organization or corporation is not organized primarily for the purpose of influencing the nomination for election, or election, of any individual to Federal office, except that the costs incurred by a membership organization (including a labor organization) or by a corporation directly attributable to a communication expressly advocating the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate (other than a communication primarily devoted to subjects other than the express advocacy of the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate), shall, if such costs exceed $2,000 for any election, be reported to the Commission in accordance with section 30104(a)(4)(A)(i) of this title, and in accordance with section 30104(a)(4)(A)(ii) of this title with respect to any general election; (iv) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of preparation, display, or mailing or other distribution incurred by such committee with respect to a printed slate card or sample ballot, or other printed listing, of 3 or more candidates for any public office for which an election is held in the State in which such committee is organized, except that this clause shall not apply to costs incurred by such committee with respect to a display of any such listing made on broadcasting stations, or in newspapers, magazines, or similar types of general public political advertising; (v) any payment made or obligation incurred by a corporation or a labor organization which, under section 30118(b) of this title, would not constitute an expenditure by such corporation or labor organization; (vi) any costs incurred by an authorized committee or candidate in connection with the solicitation of contributions on behalf of such candidate, except that this clause shall not apply with respect to costs incurred by an authorized committee of a candidate in excess of an amount equal to 20 percent of the expenditure limitation applicable to such candidate under section 30116(b), but all such costs shall be reported in accordance with section 30104(b); (vii) the payment of compensation for legal or accounting services— (I) rendered to or on behalf of any political committee of a political party if the person paying for such services is the regular employer of the individual rendering such services, and if such services are not attributable to activities which directly further the election of any designated candidate to Federal office; or (II) rendered to or on behalf of a candidate or political committee if the person paying for such services is the regular employer of the individual rendering such services, and if such services are solely for the purpose of ensuring compliance with this Act or chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26, but amounts paid or incurred by the regular employer for such legal or accounting services shall be reported in accordance with section 30104(b) by the committee receiving such services; (viii) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of campaign materials (such as pins, bumper stickers, handbills, brochures, posters, party tabloids, and yard signs) used by such committee in connection with volunteer activities on behalf of nominees of such party: Provided, That— (1) such payments are not for the costs of campaign materials or activities used in connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar type of general public communication or political advertising; (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or particular candidates; (ix) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of voter registration and get-out-thevote activities conducted by such committee on behalf of nominees of such party for President and Vice President: Provided, That— (1) such payments are not for the costs of campaign materials or activities used in connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar type of general public communication or political advertising; (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or candidates; and (x) payments received by a political party committee as a condition of ballot access which are transferred to another political party committee or the appropriate State official. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. USA Electoral Law
44 (2) If the political committee is the principal campaign committee of a candidate for the House of Representatives or for the Senate— (A) in any calendar year during which there is a regularly scheduled election for which such candidate is seeking election, or nomination for election, the treasurer shall file the following reports: (i) a pre-election report, which shall be filed no later than the 12th day before (or posted by any of the following: registered mail, certified mail, priority mail having a delivery confirmation or delivered to an overnight delivery service with an on-line tracking system, if posted or delivered no later than the 15th day before)any election in which such candidate is seeking election, or nomination for election, and which shall be complete as of the 20th day before such election; (ii) a post-general election report, which shall be filed no later than the 30th day after any general election in which such candidate has sought election, and which shall be complete as of the 20th day after such general election; and (iii) additional quarterly reports, which shall be filed no later than the 15th day after the last day of each calendar quarter, and which shall be complete as of the last day of each calendar quarter: except that the report for the quarter ending December 31 shall be filed no later than January 31 of the following calendar year; and (B) in any other calendar year the treasurer shall file quarterly reports, which shall be filed not later than the 15th day after the last day of each calendar quarter, and which shall be complete as of the last day of each calendar quarter, except that the report for the quarter ending December 31 shall be filed not later than January 31 of the following calendar year. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. USA Electoral Law
45 or the National Credit Union Administration, other than any overdraft made with respect to a checking or savings account, made in accordance with applicable law and in the ordinary course of business, but such loan— (I) shall be considered a loan by each endorser or guarantor, in that proportion of the unpaid balance that each endorser or guarantor bears to the total number of endorsers or guarantors; (II) shall be made on a basis which assures repayment, evidenced by a written instrument, and subject to a due date or amortization schedule; and (III) shall bear the usual and customary interest rate of the lending institution; (viii) any legal or accounting services rendered to or on behalf of— (I) any political committee of a political party if the person paying for such services is the regular employer of the person rendering such services and if such services are not attributable to activities which directly further the election of any designated candidate to Federal office; or (II) an authorized committee of a candidate or any other political committee, if the person paying for such services is the regular employer of the individual rendering such services and if such services are solely for the purpose of ensuring compliance with this Act or chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26, but amounts paid or incurred by the regular employer reported in accordance with section 30104(b) of this title by the committee receiving such services; (ix) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of campaign materials (such as pins, bumper stickers, handbills, brochures, posters, party tabloids, and yard signs) used by such committee in connection with volunteer activities on behalf of nominees of such party: Provided, That— (1) such payments are not for the cost of campaign materials or activities used in connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar type of general public communication or political advertising; (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or particular candidates; (x) the payment by a candidate, for nomination or election to any public office (including State or local office), or authorized committee of a candidate, of the costs of campaign materials which include information on or reference to any other candidate and which are used in connection with volunteer activities (including pins, bumper stickers, handbills, brochures, posters, and yard signs, but not including the use of broadcasting, newspapers, magazines, billboards, direct mail, or similar types of general public communication or political advertising): Provided, That such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; (xi) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of voter registration and get-out-thevote activities conducted by such committee on behalf of nominees of such party for President and Vice President: Provided, That— (1) such payments are not for the costs of campaign materials or activities used in connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar type of general public communication or political advertising; (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or candidates; (xii) payments made by a candidate or the authorized committee of a candidate as a condition of ballot access and payments received by any political party committee as a condition of ballot access; (xiii) any honorarium (within the meaning of section 441i of this title); and (xiv) any loan of money derived from an advance on a candidate’s brokerage account, credit card, home equity line of credit, or other line of credit available to the candidate, if such a loan is made in accordance with applicable law and under commercially reasonable terms and if the person making such loan makes loans derived from an advance on the candidate’s brokerage account, credit card, home equity line of credit, or other line of credit in the normal course of the person’s business. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. USA Electoral Law
46 (3) If the committee is the principal campaign committee of a candidate for the office of President— (A) in any calendar year during which a general election is held to fill such office— (i) the treasurer shall file monthly reports if such committee has on January 1 of such year, received contributions aggregating $100,000 or made expenditures aggregating $100,000 or anticipates receiving contributions aggregating $100,000 or more or making expenditures aggregating $100,000 or more during such year: such monthly reports shall be filed no later than the 20th day after the last day of each month and shall be complete as of the last day of the month, except that, in lieu of filing the report otherwise due in November and December, a pre-general election report shall be filed in accordance with paragraph (2)(A)(i), a post-general election report shall be filed in accordance with paragraph (2)(A)(ii), and a year end report shall be filed no later than January 31 of the following calendar year; (ii) the treasurer of the other principal campaign committees of a candidate for the office of President shall file a pre-election report or reports in accordance with paragraph (2)(A)(i), a post-general election report in accordance with paragraph (2)(A)(ii), and quarterly reports in accordance with paragraph (2)(A)(iii); and (iii) if at any time during the election year a committee filing under paragraph (3)(A)(ii) receives contributions in excess of $100,000 or makes expenditures in excess of $100,000, the treasurer shall begin filing monthly reports under paragraph (3)(A)(i) at the next reporting period; and (B) in any other calendar year, the treasurer shall file either— (i) monthly reports, which shall be filed no later than the 20th day after the last day of each month and shall be complete as of the last day of the month; or (ii) quarterly reports, which shall be filed no later than the 15th day after the last day of each calendar quarter and which shall be complete as of the last day of each calendar quarter. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. USA Electoral Law
47 In addition to any subject determined by the Commission, the regulations shall address-- (1) payments for the republication of campaign materials; (2) payments for the use of a common vendor; (3) payments for communications directed or made by persons who previously served as an employee of a candidate or a political party; and (4) payments for communications made by a person after substantial discussion about the communication with a candidate or a political party.” (B) (i) expenditures made by any person in cooperation, consultation, or concert, with, or at the request or suggestion of, a candidate, his authorized political committees, or their agents, shall be considered to be a contribution to such candidate; (ii) expenditures made by any person (other than a candidate or candidate’s authorized committee) in cooperation, consultation, or concert, with, or at the request or suggestion of, a national, State, or local committee of a political party, shall be considered to be contributions made to such party committee; and (iii) the financing by any person of the dissemination, distribution, or republication, in whole or in part, of any broadcast or any written, graphic, or other form of campaign materials prepared by the candidate, his campaign committees, or their authorized agents shall be considered to be an expenditure for purposes of this paragraph; and (C) if— (i) any person makes, or contracts to make, any disbursement for any electioneering communication (within the meaning of section 30104(f)(3) of this title); and (ii) such disbursement is coordinated with a candidate or an authorized committee of such candidate, a Federal, State, or local political party or committee thereof, or an agent or official of any such candidate, party, or committee; such disbursement or contracting shall be treated as a contribution to the candidate supported by the electioneering communication or that candidate’s party and as an expenditure by that candidate or that candidate’s party; and (D) contributions made to or for the benefit of any candidate nominated by a political party for election to the office of Vice President of the United States shall be considered to be contributions made to or for the benefit of the candidate of such party for election to the office of President of the United States. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. USA Electoral Law
48 (2) (A) Members of the Commission shall serve for a single term of 6 years,except that of the members first appointed— (i) two of the members, not affiliated with the same political party, shall be appointed for terms ending on April 30, 1977; (ii) two of the members, not affiliated with the same political party, shall be appointed for terms ending on April 30, 1979; and (iii) two of the members, not affiliated with the same political party, shall be appointed for terms ending on April 30, 1981. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. USA Electoral Law
49 In order to be eligible to receive any payments under section 9006, the candidates of a major party in a presidential election shall certify to the Commission, under penalty of perjury, that— (1) such candidates and their authorized committees will not incur qualified campaign expenses in excess of the aggregate payments to which they will be entitled under section 9004, and (2) no contributions to defray qualified campaign expenses have been or will be accepted by such candidates or any of their authorized committees except to the extent necessary to make up any deficiency in payments received out of the fund on account of the application of section 9006(c), and no contributions to defray expenses which would be qualified campaign expenses but for subparagraph (C) of section 9002(l1) have been or will be accepted by such candidates or any of their authorized committees. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. USA Electoral Law
50 Under such regulations, the Commission— (A) may, notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), provide for quarterly filing of the schedule described in paragraph (1) by a committee which files reports under this section more frequently than on a quarterly basis; (B) shall provide guidance to committees with respect to whether a person is reasonably known by a committee to be a person described in paragraph (7), which shall include a requirement that committees consult the websites maintained by the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives containing information filed pursuant to the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995; (C) may not exempt the activity of a person described in paragraph (7) from disclosure under this subsection on the grounds that the person is authorized to engage in fundraising for the committee or any other similar grounds; and (D) shall provide for the broadest possible disclosure of activities described in this subsection by persons described in paragraph (7) that is consistent with this subsection. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. USA Electoral Law
51 (5) For purposes of the limitations provided by paragraph (1) and paragraph (2), all contributions made by political committees established or financed or maintained or controlled by any corporation, labor organization, or any other person, including any parent, subsidiary, branch, division, department, or local unit of such corporation, labor organization, or any other person, or by any group of such persons, shall be considered to have been made by a single political committee, except that (A) nothing in this sentence shall limit transfers between political committees of funds raised through joint fundraising efforts; (B) for purposes of the limitations provided by paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) all contributions made by a single political committee established or financed or maintained or controlled by a national committee of a political party and by a single political committee established or financed or maintained or controlled by the State committee of a political party shall not be considered to have been made by a single political committee; and (C) nothing in this section shall limit the transfer of funds between the principal campaign committee of a candidate seeking nomination or election to a Federal office and the principal campaign committee of that candidate for nomination or election to another Federal office if (i) such transfer is not made when the candidate is actively seeking nomination or election to both such offices; (ii) the limitations contained in this Act on contributions by persons are not exceeded by such transfer; and (iii) the candidate has not elected to receive any funds under chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. USA Electoral Law
52 Any printed communication described in subsection (a) shall— (1) be of sufficient type size to be clearly readable by the recipient of the communication; (2) be contained in a printed box set apart from the other contents of the communication; and (3) be printed with a reasonable degree of color contrast between the background and the printed statement. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. USA Electoral Law
53 (3) The eligible candidates of a minor party or a new party in a presidential election whose candidate for President in such election receives, as such candidate, 5 percent or more of the total number of popular votes cast for the office of President in such election shall be entitled to payments under section 9006 equal in the aggregate to an amount which bears the same ratio to the amount allowed under paragraph (1) for a major party as the number of popular votes received by such candidate in such election bears to the average number of popular votes received in such election by the candidates for President of the major parties. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. USA Electoral Law
54 Deprivation of employment or other benefit for political contribution (a) Whoever, directly or indirectly, knowingly causes or attempts to cause any person to make a contribution of a thing of value (including services) for the benefit of any candidate or any political party, by means of the denial or deprivation, or the threat of the denial or deprivation, of— (1) any employment, position, or work in or for any agency or other entity of the Government of the United States, a State, or a political subdivision of a State, or any compensation or benefit of such employment, position, or work; or (2) any payment or benefit of a program of the United States, a State, or a political subdivision of a State; if such employment, position, work, compensation, payment, or benefit is provided for or made possible in whole or in part by an Act of Congress, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. USA Electoral Law
55 Except as provided in paragraph (5), an organization shall not be treated as an organization described in this section— (A) unless it has given notice to the Secretary, electronically that it is to be so treated, or (B) if the notice is given after the time required under paragraph (2), the organization shall not be so treated for any period before such notice is given or, in the case of any material change in the information required under paragraph (3), for the period beginning on the date on which the material change occurs and ending on the date on which such notice is given. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. USA Electoral Law
56 (3) During the period which begins on January 1 of an oddnumbered year and ends on December 31 of the next even-numbered year, no individual may make contributions aggregating more than— (A) $37,500, in the case of contributions to candidates and the authorized committees of candidates; (B) $57,500, in the case of any other contributions, of which not more than $37,500 may be attributable to contributions to political committees which are not political committees of national political parties. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. USA Electoral Law
57 (2) For purposes of this subsection— (A) expenditures made by or on behalf of any candidate nominated by a political party for election to the office of Vice President of the United States shall be considered to be expenditures made by or on behalf of the candidate of such party for election to the office of President of the United States; and (B) an expenditure is made on behalf of a candidate, including a vice presidential candidate, if it is made by— (i) an authorized committee or any other agent of the candidate for purposes of making any expenditure; or (ii) any person authorized or requested by the candidate, an authorized committee of the candidate, or an agent of the candidate, to make the expenditure. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. USA Electoral Law
58 Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, an individual described in paragraph (1) may make a general solicitation of funds on behalf of any organization that is described in section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code (or has submitted an application for determination of tax exempt status under such section) (other than an entity whose principal purpose is to conduct activities described in clauses (i) and (ii) of section 30101(20)(A) of this title) where such solicitation does not specify how the funds will or should be spent. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. USA Electoral Law
59 (2) (A) The eligible candidates of a minor party in a presidential election shall be entitled to payments under section 9006 equal in the aggregate to an amount which bears the same ratio to the amount allowed under paragraph (1) for a major party as the number of popular votes received by the candidate for President of the minor party, as such candidate, in the preceding presidential election bears to the average number of popular votes received by the candidates for President of the major parties in the preceding presidential election. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. USA Electoral Law
60 Subject to the provisions of this section, the national committee of a minor party shall be entitled to payments under paragraph (3), with respect to any presidential nominating convention, in amounts which, in the aggregate, shall not exceed an amount which bears the same ratio to the amount the national committee of a major party is entitled to receive under paragraph (1) as the number of popular votes received by the candidate for president of the minor party, as such candidate, in the preceding Presidential election bears to the average number of popular votes received by the candidates for President of the United States of the major parties in the preceding Presidential election. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. USA Electoral Law
61 The member of the Central Election Commission who has been registered as a candidate for the Presidency of the Republic of Uzbekistan, a candidate for deputy of the Legislative Chamber, a candidate for membership of the Senate or a proxy shall be considered as leaving the membership in the Commission. General provisions Article 1. Uzbekistan Electoral Law
62 Powers of the member of the Central Election Commission may be terminated by the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan directly or upon the recommendation of the body which nominated him/her to membership, in the following cases: submission by him/her of a written application for resignation; he/she was recognized by the court as incapable; entry into force of the court's sentence against him/her; systematic failure to perform his/her duties; election or appointment to a position, the occupation of which in accordance with the law is incompatible with the exercise of the powers of a member of the Central Election Commission; recognition of him/her as missing or declaring dead on the basis of a court decision that has entered into legal force; loss of citizenship of the Republic of Uzbekistan; his/her death. General provisions Article 1. Uzbekistan Electoral Law
63 The application shall include: the decision of the supreme body of the political party to nominate a candidate for the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; a protocol of the meeting of the supreme body of the political party on the nomination of a candidate for the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in which surname, name, patronymic, date of birth, profession, position (type of activity), place of work and residence of the candidate to the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be indicated; an application by the candidate for the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on his/her consent for nominating his/her candidate; signature sheets supporting the nominated candidate for President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. General provisions Article 1. Uzbekistan Electoral Law
64 The following persons shall not be registered as a candidate for the deputy of the Legislative Chamber: citizens whose state of conviction for committing serious or particularly serious crimes was not completed or not cancelled; citizens not residing permanently in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the last five years before the election day; military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan, employees of the State Security Service, the National Guard, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the State Customs Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan and other paramilitary units; professional servicemen of religious organizations and associations. General provisions Article 1. Uzbekistan Electoral Law
65 Membership in the Central Election Commission A citizen of the Republic of Uzbekistan who reached the age of twenty-five, as a rule, has a higher education, a work experience in organization and conduct of elections, has an authority among public and permanently residing in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan for at least the last five years may be a member of the Central Election Commission. General provisions Article 1. Uzbekistan Electoral Law
66 Observers shall have the following rights: to be present at meetings of election commissions; to participate in meetings on nomination of candidates, meetings of candidates with voters; to be present at the polling station, to observe the progress of the preparatory work, the placement of booths or rooms for secret voting and the sealing of ballot boxes, the registration of citizens, the issuance of ballots; to be present at counting of votes and drafting the Protocol of the election commission; to request and receive copies of documents related to election results approved by the relevant election commission; to report their observations to the relevant election commission, if there is reason to believe that at the relevant polling station there have been violations of the requirements of the present Code. General provisions Article 1. Uzbekistan Electoral Law
67 The voting premises and premises of precinct election commissions The voting premises shall be specially designated places where a sufficient number of booths or rooms for secret ballot shall be equipped, the places for the issuance of ballots shall be determined and the ballot boxes shall be installed. General provisions Article 1. Uzbekistan Electoral Law
68 Requirements for equipping of buildings, premises of precinct election commissions and premises for voting Premises of precinct election commissions shall be equipped accordingly and have: National flag of the Republic of Uzbekistan (above the building and indoors); National emblem of the Republic of Uzbekistan (inside the building); sign board indicating the sequence number of polling station; booths or rooms for secret ballot; ballot boxes; specially equipped secret ballot booths for persons with disabilities, if necessary; separate places for observers; banners on the election date; map of the polling station; information on the composition, work plan, duty schedule of members of the precinct election commission; a special stand where information on the preparation and conduct of elections is placed: biographies and programs of all registered candidates published by the Central Election Commission, regional, sub-regional, city election commission; necessary furniture, office equipment (telephone, printer, computers connected to the Internet and having access to the Information management system of the election process, safe, office supplies); fire-fighting equipment. General provisions Article 1. Uzbekistan Electoral Law
69 A citizen of the Republic of Uzbekistan who is not younger than thirty-five years, fluent in state language and permanently resides in the territory of Uzbekistan for at least ten years before the elections can be elected as the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. General provisions Article 1. Uzbekistan Electoral Law
70 The following shall be attached to the application: decision of the supreme body of the political party on nomination of the candidates; a protocol of the supreme body of the political party on nomination of candidates for deputy, in which surname, name, patronymic, date of birth, profession, position (type of activity), place of work and residence, party membership as well as the name and sequence number of the constituency shall be indicated; an application of the candidate for deputy on the consent to run him/her in the respective constituency; an application for the resignation of a candidate for deputy, if he/she is elected as a deputy of the Legislative Chamber. General provisions Article 1. Uzbekistan Electoral Law
71 In the event that the place of the deputy of the Legislative Chamber became vacant less than six months before the expiration of the term of office of the Legislative Chamber, elections of a new deputy instead of retired may not be held. General provisions Article 1. Uzbekistan Electoral Law
72 Repeat voting and repeat election of members of the Senate If in the voting, the established number of members of the Senate are not elected, for the unselected amount of members of the Senate the repeat voting shall be held at the same joint meeting among the candidates who have not collected the required amount of votes. General provisions Article 1. Uzbekistan Electoral Law
73 Repeat election of members of the Senate shall be held in the following cases: if the elections have been recognized as invalid; if the specified amount of members of the Senate have not been elected as a result of the repeat voting. General provisions Article 1. Uzbekistan Electoral Law
74 The following persons shall not be registered as a candidate for the deputy of local Kengashes: citizens whose state of conviction for committing grave or particularly grave crimes was not completed or not canceled; citizens not residing permanently in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the last five years before election day; military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan, employees of the State Security Service, the National Guard, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the State Customs Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan and other paramilitary units; professional servicemen of religious organizations and associations. General provisions Article 1. Uzbekistan Electoral Law
75 The decision on the invalidation of the election of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Legislative Chamber shall be made by the Central Election Commission and can be appealed to the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan within five days after the announcement of election results. General provisions Article 1. Uzbekistan Electoral Law
76 Borders of election constituencies for the election of deputies of the Legislative Chamber shall be determined taking into account the administrative and territorial structure of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regions and Tashkent city, as a rule, with an equal number of voters throughout the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan. General provisions Article 1. Uzbekistan Electoral Law
77 Formation of the Central Election Commission The Central Election Commission shall be formed by the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan consisting of at least fifteen members. General provisions Article 1. Uzbekistan Electoral Law
78 The certificate of the Chairperson of the Central Election Commission and his/her deputy are signed by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the certificate of other members of the Central Election Commission shall be signed by the Speaker of the Legislative Chamber and the Chairperson of the Senate. General provisions Article 1. Uzbekistan Electoral Law
79 Citizens whose state of conviction for committing serious and especially serious crimes was not completed or not cancelled, military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan, employees of the State Security Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan, other militarized units, professional staff of religious organizations and associations may not be members of the Central Election Commission. General provisions Article 1. Uzbekistan Electoral Law
80 Members of other election commissions, members of political parties, khokims of regions, sub-regions, city, officials of prosecutor's offices, courts, close relatives and proxies of candidates, as well as direct subordinates of the candidates may not be members of the election commission. General provisions Article 1. Uzbekistan Electoral Law
81 (2) The number of members chosen in the several States shall be in proportion to the respective numbers of their people, and shall, until the Parliament otherwise provides, be determined, whenever necessary, in the following manner: (i) A quota shall be ascertained by dividing the number of the people of the Commonwealth, as shown by the latest statistics of the Commonwealth, by twice the number the senators: (ii) The number of members to be chosen in each State shall be determined by dividing the number of the people of the State, as shown by the latest statistics of the Commonwealth, by the quota; and if on such division there is a remainder greater than one half of the quota, one more member shall be chosen in the State. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. Australia Constitution
82 (3) The members present at the joint sitting may deliberate and shall vote together upon the proposed law as last proposed by the House of Representatives, and upon amendments, if any, which have been made therein by one House and not agreed to by the other, and any such amendments which are affirmed by an absolute majority of the total number of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives shall be taken to have been carried, and if the proposed law, with the amendments, if any, so carried is affirmed by an absolute majority of the total number of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives, it shall be taken to have been duly passed by both Houses of the Parliament, and shall be presented to the Governor General for the Queen's assent. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. Australia Constitution
83 Part V Powers of the Parliament Section 51 [Legislative Competencies] The Parliament shall, subject to this Constitution, have power to make laws for the peace, order and good government of the Commonwealth with respect to: (i) Trade and commerce with other countries, and among the States; (ii) Taxation; but so as not to discriminate between States or parts of States; (iii) Bounties on the production or export of goods, but so that such bounties shall be uniform throughout the Commonwealth; (iv) Borrowing money on the public credit of the Commonwealth; (v) Postal, telegraphic, telephonic, and other like services; (vi) The naval and military defence of the Commonwealth and of the several States, and the control of the forces to execute and maintain the laws of the Commonwealth; (vii) Lighthouses, lightships, beacons and buoys; (viii) Astronomical and meteorological observations; (ix) Quarantine; (x) Fisheries in Australian waters beyond territorial limits; (xi) Census and statistics; (xii) Currency, coinage, and legal tender; (xiii) Banking, other than State banking; also State banking extending beyond the limits of the State concerned, the incorporation of banks, and the issue of paper money; (xiv) Insurance, other than State insurance; also State insurance extending beyond the limits of the State concerned; (xv) Weights and measures; (xvi) Bills of exchange and promissory notes; (xvii) Bankruptcy and insolvency; (xviii) Copyrights, patents of inventions and designs, and trade marks; (xiv) Naturalization and aliens; (xx) Foreign corporations, and trading or financial corporations formed within the limits of the Commonwealth; (xxi) Marriage; (xxii) Divorce and matrimonial causes; and in relation thereto, parental rights, and the custody and guardianship of infants; (xviii) Invalid and old age pensions; (xxiiiA) The provision of maternity allowances, widows' pensions, child endowment, unemployment, pharmaceutical, sickness and hospital benefits, medical and dental services (but not so as to authorize any form of civil conscription), benefits to students and family allowances; (xxiv) The service and execution throughout the Commonwealth of the civil and criminal process and the judgments of the courts of the States; (xxv) The recognition throughout the Commonwealth of the laws, the public Acts and records, and the judicial proceedings of the States; (xxvi) The people of any race for whom it is deemed necessary to make special laws; (xxvii) Immigration and emigration; (xxviii) The influx of criminals; (xxix) External affairs; (xxx) The relations of the Commonwealth with the islands of the Pacific; (xxxi) The acquisition of property on just terms from any State or person for any purpose in respect of which the Parliament has power to make laws; (xxxii) The control of railways with respect to transport for the naval and military purposes of the Commonwealth; (xxxiii) The acquisition, with the consent of a State, of any railways of the State on terms arranged between the Commonwealth and the State; (xxxiv) Railway construction and extension in any State with the consent of that State; (xxxv) Conciliation and arbitration for the prevention and settlement of industrial disputes extending beyond the limits of any one State; (xxxvi) Matters in respect of which this Constitution makes provision until the Parliament otherwise provides; (xxxvii) Matters referred to the Parliament of the Commonwealth by the Parliament or Parliaments of any State or States, but so that the law shall extend only to States by whose Parliaments the matter is referred, or which afterwards adopt the law; (xxxviii) The exercise within the Commonwealth, at the request or with the concurrence of the Parliaments of all the States directly concerned, of any power which can at the establishment of this Constitution be exercised only by the Parliament of the United Kingdom or by the Federal Council of Australasia; (xxxix) Matters incidental to the execution of any power vested by this Constitution in the Parliament or in either House thereof, or in the Government of the Commonwealth, or in the Federal judicature, or in any department or officer of the Commonwealth. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. Australia Constitution
84 Section 34 [Special Qualifications of Representatives] Until the Parliament otherwise provides, the qualifications of a member of the House of Representatives shall be as follows: (i) He must be of the full age of 21 years, and must be an elector entitled to vote at the election of members of the House of Representatives, or a person qualified to become such elector, and must have been for three years at the least a resident within the limits of the Commonwealth as existing at the time when he is chosen: (ii) He must be a subject of the Queen, either natural born or for at least five years naturalized under a law of the United Kingdom, or of a Colony which has become or becomes a State, or of the Commonwealth, or of a State. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. Australia Constitution
85 Section 44 [Exclusion from Eligibility] (1) Any person who (i) Is under any acknowledgment of allegiance, obedience, or adherence to a foreign power, or is a subject or a citizen or entitled to the rights or privileges of a subject or a citizen of a foreign power; or (ii) Is attained of treason, or has been convicted and is under sentence, or subject to be sentenced, for any offence punishable under the law of the Commonwealth or of a State by imprisonment for one year or longer; or (iii) Is an undischarged bankrupt or insolvent; or (iv) Holds any office of profit under the Crown, or any pension payable during the pleasure of the Crown out of any of the revenues of the Commonwealth; or (v) Has any direct or indirect pecuniary interest in any agreement with the Public Service of the Commonwealth otherwise than as a member and in common with the other members of an incorporated company consisting of more than twenty five persons: shall be incapable of being chosen or of sitting as a senator or a member of the House of Representatives. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. Australia Constitution
86 Section 85 [Transfer of Property] When any department of the public service of a State is transferred to the Commonwealth (i) All property of the State of any kind, used exclusively in connection with the department, shall become vested in the Commonwealth; but, in the case of the departments controlling customs and excise and bounties, for such time only as the Governor General in Council may declare to be necessary: (ii) The Commonwealth may acquire any property of the State, of any kind used, but not exclusively used in connection with the department; the value thereof shall, if no agreement can be made, be ascertained in, as nearly as may be, the manner in which the value of land, or of an interest in land, taken by the State for public purposes is ascertained under the law of the State in force at the establishment of the Commonwealth: (iii) The Commonwealth shall compensate the State for the value of any property passing to the Commonwealth under this section; if no agreement can be made as to the mode of compensation, it shall be determined under laws to be made by the Parliament: (iv) The Commonwealth shall, at the date of the transfer, assume the current obligations of the State in respect of the department transferred. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. Australia Constitution
87 (3) Where (a) in accordance with the last preceding paragraph, a member of a particular political party is chosen or appointed to hold the place of a senator whose place had become vacant; and (b) before taking his seat he ceases to be a member of that party (otherwise than by reason of the party having ceased to exist), he shall he deemed not to have been so chosen or appointed and the vacancy shall be again notified in accordance with Section 21 of this Constitution. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. Australia Constitution
88 Part III The House of Representatives Section 24 [Number of Representatives] (1) The House of Representatives shall be composed of members directly chosen by the people of the Commonwealth, and the number of such members shall be, as nearly as practicable, twice the number of the senators. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. Australia Constitution
89 Chapter VII Miscellaneous Section 125 [Seat of Government] (1) The seat of Government of the Commonwealth shall be determined by the Parliament, and shall be within territory which shall have been granted to or acquired by the Commonwealth, and shall be vested in and belong to the Commonwealth, and shall be in the State of New South Wales, and be distant not less than one hundred miles from Sydney. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. Australia Constitution
90 Section 13 [Term] (1) As soon as may be after the Senate first meets, and after each first meeting of the Senate following a dissolution thereof, the Senate shall divide the senators chosen for each State into two classes, as nearly equal in number as practicable; and the places of the senators of the first class shall become vacant at the expiration of three yearst and the places of those of the second class at the expiration of six yearst, from the beginning of their term of service; and afterwards the places of senators shall become vacant at the expiration of six years from the beginning of their term of service. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. Australia Constitution
91 (2) Where a vacancy has at any time occurred in the place of a senator chosen by the people of a State and at the time when he was so chosen, he was publicly recognized by a particular political party as being an endorsed candidate of that party and publicly represented himself to be such a candidate, a person chosen or appointed under this section in consequence of that vacancy, or in consequence of that vacancy and a subsequent vacancy or vacancies, shall, unless there is no member of that party available to be chosen or appointed, be a member of that party. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. Australia Constitution
92 Section 35 [Speaker] (1) The House of Representatives shall, before proceeding to the despatch of any other business, choose a member to be the Speaker of the House, and as often as the office of Speaker becomes vacant the House shall again choose a member to be the Speaker. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. Australia Constitution
93 Section 103 [Membership in the Inter State Commission] The members of the Inter State Commission (i) Shall be appointed by the Governor General in Council: (ii) Shall hold office for seven years, but may be removed within that time by the Governor General in Council, on an address from both Houses of the Parliament in the same session praying for such removal on the ground of proved misbehavior or incapacity: (iii) Shall receive such remuneration as the Parliament may fix; but such remuneration shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. Australia Constitution
94 (6) A senator holding office at the commencement of the Constitution Alteration (Senate Casual Vacancies) 1977, being a senator appointed by the Governor of a State in consequence of a vacancy that had at any time occurred in the place of a senator chosen by the people of the State, shall be deemed to have been appointed to hold the place until the expiration of fourteen days after the beginning of the next session of the Parliament of the State that commenced or commences after he was appointed and further action under this section shall be taken as if the vacancy in the place of the senator chosen by the people of the State had occurred after that commencement. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. Australia Constitution
95 (8) If, at or before the commencement of the Constitution Alteration (Senate Casual Vacancies) 1977, a law to alter the Constitution entitled "Constitution Alteration (Simultaneous Elections) 1977" came into operation, a senator holding office at the commencement of that law who was chosen by the House or Houses of Parliament of a State in consequence of a vacancy that had at any time occurred in the place of a Senator chosen by the people of the State shall be deemed to have been chosen to hold office (a) if the senator elected by the people of the State had a term of service expiring on the thirtieth day of June, One thousand nine hundred and seventy eight until the expiration or dissolution of the first House of Representatives to expire or be dissolved after that law came into operation; or (b) if the senator elected by the people of the State had a term of service expiring on the thirtieth day of June, One thousand nine hundred and eighty one until the expiration or dissolution of the second House of Representatives to expire or be dissolved after that law came into operation or, if there is an earlier dissolution of the Senate, until that dissolution. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. Australia Constitution
96 Section 29 [Eligibility, Electorate] (1) Until the Parliament of the Commonwealth otherwise provides, the Parliament of any State may make laws for determining the divisions in each State for which members of the House of Representatives may be chosen, and the number of members to be chosen for each division. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. Australia Constitution
97 Such pension or retiring allowance shall be paid to him by the Commonwealth; but the State shall pay to the Commonwealth a part thereof, to be calculated on the proportion which his term of service with the State bears to his whole term of service, and for the purpose of the calculation his salary shall be taken to be that paid to him by the State at the time of the transfer. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. Australia Constitution
98 (2) But until the Parliament of the Commonwealth otherwise provides, the Parliament of the State of Queensland, if that State be an Original State, may make laws dividing the State into divisions and determining the number of senators to be chosen for each division, and in the absence of such provision the State shall be one electorate. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. Australia Constitution
99 (3) For the purposes of this section the term of service of a senator shall be taken to begin on the first day of July following the day of his election, except in the cases of the first election and of the election next after any dissolution of the Senate, when it shall be taken to begin on the first day of July preceding the day of his election. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. Australia Constitution
100 Section 17 [President of the Senate] (1) The Senate shall, before proceeding to the despatch of any other business, choose a senator to be the President of the Senate; and as often as the office of President becomes vacant the Senate shall again choose a senator to be the President. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. Australia Constitution
101 (3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. United Kingdom Constitution
102 Part 6 Liberties Section 15 Personal Liberty No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention, or exile. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. United Kingdom Constitution
103 (2) A person may, however, be held guilty of blasphemous libel if he or she publishes scurrilous and offensive references to Christianity that go beyond the limits of proper controversy. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. United Kingdom Constitution
104 Nor should programs unsuitable for children be broadcast when they can be expected to be watching. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. United Kingdom Constitution
105 Anyone sent to prison for murder is liable to be detained for the rest of his or her life but may be released on license. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. United Kingdom Constitution
106 Life sentence prisoners are released on life license and are subject to recall should their behavior suggest that they might again be a danger to the public. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. United Kingdom Constitution
107 In the case of a suspect arrested in connection with a serious arrestable offence, however, he or she may be detained for up to 36 hours without charge on the authority of a senior police officer; if the police wish to detain the suspect for longer than 36 hours, they must obtain authority from a court, which may not grant authority for a period beyond 96 hours from first detention. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. United Kingdom Constitution
108 If no lawful cause can be shown, the prisoner must be released immediately. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. United Kingdom Constitution
109 There are also rules relating to violence and standards of taste and decency in television programs, particularly during hours when large numbers of children are likely to be watching. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. United Kingdom Constitution
110 (6) According to 1991 European agreements on cross-border broadcasting, programs may not be indecent, contain pornography, give undue emphasis to violence, or be likely to incite racial hatred. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. United Kingdom Constitution
111 (2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. United Kingdom Constitution
112 Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. United Kingdom Constitution
113 Protection is also available under the European Patent Convention and the Patent Co-operation Treaty; benefits may be claimed in other countries under the International Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. United Kingdom Constitution
114 Chapter 1 Human Rights Part 1 Legal Framework Section 1 Overview There is no written constitution or comprehensive Bill of Rights; Britain's constitution is to be found partly in conventions and customs and partly in statute. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. United Kingdom Constitution
115 This period can be extended for up to five days with the consent of the appropriate Secretary of State. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. United Kingdom Constitution
116 Section 6 Abolishment of Slavery No one may be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade are prohibited. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. United Kingdom Constitution
117 Section 7 Punishment No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman, ordegrading treatment or punishment. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. United Kingdom Constitution
118 (1) If a police officer fails to comply with this provision, he or she can be disciplined and the courts may reject any evidence so obtained. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. United Kingdom Constitution
119 (2) Custody: Under the Criminal Justice Act 1991, the offence must be so serious that it merits custody. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. United Kingdom Constitution
120 Longer custodial sentences - within the statutory maxima - will be given to persistent violent and sexual offenders in order to protect the public from serious harm. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. United Kingdom Constitution
121 Amendment XII [1804 - Presidential Elections] The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice- President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; - The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted; - The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. USA Constitution
122 - The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. USA Constitution
123 Amendment V [1791 - Grand Jury, Double Jeopardy, Self-Incrimination, Due Process] No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty , or property , without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. USA Constitution
124 (3) Every Order, Resolution, or Vote, to Which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. USA Constitution
125 and with the Indian Tribes; (4) To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; (5) To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; (6) To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States; (7) To Establish Post Offices and Post Roads; (8) To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries; (9) To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; (10) To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offenses against the Law of Nations; (11) To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; (12) To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years; (13) To provide and maintain a Navy; (14) To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces; (15) To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; (16) To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; (17) To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings; - And (18) To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. USA Constitution
126 The Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner chuse the President. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. USA Constitution
127 Section 2 [Scope of Judicial Power] (1) The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority; - to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls; - to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction; - to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party; - to Controversies between two or more States; - between a State and Citizens of another State; - between Citizens of different States, - between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under the Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. USA Constitution
128 But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. USA Constitution
129 Amendment XXIII [1961 - Presidential Vote in D.C.] Section 1 [Vote] The District constituting the seat of Government of the United States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct: A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous state; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the states, but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors appointed by a state; and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. USA Constitution
130 (3) Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. USA Constitution
131 Section 5 [Rules of House and Senate] (1) Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns, and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. USA Constitution
132 (2) No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. USA Constitution
133 He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows: (2) Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress; but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. USA Constitution
134 (2) No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. USA Constitution
135 If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return in which Case it shall not be a Law. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. USA Constitution
136 But in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States the Representation from each State having one Vote; A quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. USA Constitution
137 (3) The trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. USA Constitution
138 Article V [Amendment Proceedings] Article V [Amendment Proceedings] The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. USA Constitution
139 (2) This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. USA Constitution
140 (3) The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. USA Constitution
141 The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall: 1) define the compliance of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan and resolutions of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, decrees, resolutions and orders of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, resolutions of the government, decisions of local bodies of state authority, interstate treaties and other obligations of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 2) conform the compliance of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the constitutional laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan — until they are signed by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, international treaties of the Republic of Uzbekistan — until they are signed by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of the laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan on their ratification; 3) conform the compliance of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan with issues to be submitted to the referendum; 4) conform the compliance of the Constitution of the Republic of Karakalpakstan to the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, laws of the Republic of Karakalpakstan — to laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 5) interpret the norms of the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 6) consider the appeal of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, initiated by the courts, on compliance of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, normative-legal acts subjects to application in concrete cases; 7) based on summarizing practices of the constitutional legal procedures, represent annually the information on a status of constitutional lawfulness to the Chambers of of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 8) hear other cases relating to its competence in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. Uzbekistan Constitution
142 The Speaker of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall: 1) convoke sittings of the Legislative Chamber, preside at them; 2) exercise the general direction over a preliminary review of matters to be submitted for consideration by the Legislative Chamber; 3) coordinate the work of the committees and commissions of the Legislative Chamber; 4) organize the control over the implementation of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan and resolutions of the Legislative Chamber; 5) direct the work on antiparliamentary relations and the activity of the groups of the Legislative Chamber connected with the work of international parliamentary organizations; 6) represent the Legislative Chamber in interrelation with the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, other state bodies, foreign states, international and other organizations; 7) sign resolutions of the Legislative Chamber; 8) exercise other powers provided for by this Constitution and legislative acts. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. Uzbekistan Constitution
143 The Legislative Chamber, the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan may be dissolved, by the decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan adopted as agreed with the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in case of insuperable disagreements within the Legislative Chamber or the Senate putting under threat their normal functioning or numerous adoption by them decisions contradicting the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as insuperable disagreements between the Legislative Chamber and the Senate putting under threat the normal functioning of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. Uzbekistan Constitution
144 In case, when firm contradictions arise between the Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan against the proposal officially presented to the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan by the deputies of the Legislative Chamber in quantity of not less than one-third of a total number, issues of vote of no confidence to the Prime Minister shall be introduced for discussion to the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. Uzbekistan Constitution
145 Conditions and the procedure for introducing the state of emergency shall be set by law; 20) serve as the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan, appoint and relieve the supreme command of the Armed Forces of the post and confer the highest military ranks; 21) award orders, medals and certificates of honour of the Republic of Uzbekistan, confer qualification and honorary titles of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 22) rule on matters of citizenship of the Republic of Uzbekistan and granting political asylum; 23) put to the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan submission on adoption of acts of amnesty and effectuate pardoning of persons condemned by courts of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 24) form and head the Security Council at the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, forms the Presidential Administration, as well as consultative, advisory and other bodies at the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan in order to ensure the implementation of its competence; 25) exercise other powers stipulated by the present Constitution and laws. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. Uzbekistan Constitution
146 In case of the second consideration of the rejected by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan law and approval the law by the Legislative Chamber, by a majority in two thirds of votes of the total number of deputies, it shall be considered to be adopted by the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan and addressed by the Legislative Chamber to the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan for signing and promulgation. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. Uzbekistan Constitution
147 The Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the term of its powers shall elect from among deputies of the Legislative Chamber the committees for drafting laws, preliminary consideration and preparation of matters to be submitted to the Legislative Chamber, control over the implementation of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan and decisions to be adopted by the Legislative Chamber. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. Uzbekistan Constitution
148 A deputy of the Legislative Сhamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as a member of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, may be a citizen of the Republic of Uzbekistan, who has reached on the date of the elections twenty five years of age and permanently residing on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan not less than five years. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. Uzbekistan Constitution
149 To organize and hold the elections of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, to the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, of the representative bodies of state power of regions, districts, cities, as well as a referendum of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be formed by the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the main principles of activity of which shall be independence, legality, collective nature, publicity and fairness. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. Uzbekistan Constitution
150 The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be amended by constitutional law adopted by a majority, not less than two thirds of the total number accordingly of deputies of the Legislative Chamber and members of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, or by referendum of the Republic of Uzbekistan. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. Uzbekistan Constitution
151 Resolutions of the Legislative Chamber and the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be adopted by a majority of votes of the total number of deputies of the Legislative Chamber or members of the Senate except for cases stipulated by the present Constitution. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. Uzbekistan Constitution
152 In case of approval of the law in the earlier adopted edition by a majority not less than two thirds of votes of the total number accordingly of deputies of the Legislative Chamber and members of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the law shall be subject to signing by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan within fourteen days and promulgation. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. Uzbekistan Constitution
153 The Speaker of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Deputy of Speaker may be prematurely recalled by a decision of the Legislative Chamber, adopted by more than two thirds of votes of the total number of deputies of the Legislative Chamber by secret ballot. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. Uzbekistan Constitution
154 Candidacy of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan for consideration and approval by the Legislative Chamber shall be submitted by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan following consultations with all factions of political parties within a month after the election of officials and the formation of the bodies of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan or within a month after the release from office or resignation of the Prime Minister and the current composition of the Cabinet of Ministers. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. Uzbekistan Constitution
155 Members of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be appointed by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan after the approval of their candidatures by the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. Uzbekistan Constitution
156 The members of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be obliged to respond to parliamentary inquiries and requests of a deputy of the Legislative Chamber, a member of the Senate in the manner prescribed by law. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. Uzbekistan Constitution
157 Mutual relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Karakalpakstan, within the framework of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, shall be regulated by treaties and agreements concluded by the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Karakalpakstan. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. Uzbekistan Constitution
158 The joint sittings of the Legislative Chamber and the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be convoked upon taking the oath by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, making speeches by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on major matters of social and economic life, home and foreign policies of the country, making speeches by heads of foreign states. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. Uzbekistan Constitution
159 The right of legislative initiative shall be entitled to the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Republic of Karakalpakstan in the person of its higher representative body of state authority, the deputies of the Legislative Chamber of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. Uzbekistan Constitution
160 The Speaker of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan and his deputies shall be elected by a majority of votes of the total number of deputies by secret ballot for the term of powers of the Legislative Chamber. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. Uzbekistan Constitution
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