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USA Electoral Law
USA Electoral Law
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| 1 | The most famous case is Woodward v Sarsons (1875),27 which addressed administrative problems with the newly enacted secret ballot legislation by invoking the “common law of parliamentary elections.” In Woodward, an eminent bench held that an election could be voided on two grounds: (a) if there was “no real electing at all”—meaning the constituency did not have a free and fair opportunity of electing the candidate the majority might prefer; or (b) if the election was “not really conductedunder the subsisting election laws”— meaning the errors were so fundamental that, in a sense, a different method of election was used to that laid down in the legislation.28 The application of these tests is a matter of great conjecture. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 2 | At a little over 2% of the national population, the Indigenous population is so diluted that it would not be feasible, except perhaps in the relatively lightly populated Northern Territory, to experiment with the United States solution of drawing “majority-minority” constituencies (so called because race conscious apportionment is used to ensure at least a few geographically based seats are dominated by minorities). This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 3 | Representation and voting systems Generally, the parliamentary model of representation that applies at the national level in Australia is replicated in those states that have bicameral parliaments. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 4 | The House of Representatives voted on party lines to uphold his qualifications and not refer the matter to the courts.20 Yet any person, invoking the “common informer” provisions, can litigate such an issue and the point can also be used as an “irregularity” to found a post-election petition (assuming the member’s disqualification remains at the following election). This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 5 | Yet since outstanding postal votes are a necessary feature of a geographically dispersed electorate such as Australia’s, and will remain definitive in really tight seats, the ultimate result may not be expedited at all. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 6 | It is important to also note at the outset that electoral law has long been a site of comparative cross-fertilization and analysis. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 7 | Without a solid constitutional guarantee on which to hang such a case, the Court has been unwilling to follow the lead of the United States Supreme Court in such seminal cases as Baker v Carr47 and Reynolds v Sims.48 But these failures, and the exceptional Queensland and Western Australian systems aside, a political and legal consensus has emerged around a principle that, at the very maximum, no seat should be above or below a tolerance of 10% from the average enrolment. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 8 | The trial judge in Mulholland accepted that the inability to be registered and hence a party label on the ballot wasa burden on the DLP’s ability to communicate political information at the crucial moment of voting. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 9 | Another strand is international law itself, and the potential for internationalization at the level of fundamental principle. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 10 | But in practice, such international norms may have limited effect on Australian law, as they tend to be stated at a high level of generalization, and Australian electoral practice tends to easily meet them. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 11 | In reality, they are not free-standing entities, but merely manifestations of each State Supreme Court, and, at federal level, the High Court. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 12 | The Court’s reasoning is unfortunate because it opens the way, at least in South Australia, for every election result to be petitioned on the basis of misleading statements, possibly taken out of the context, made during an election campaign. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 13 | It introduces the test of whether sufficient electors were so swayed, or at least so confused, by the misleading statements that on the balance of probabilities, the result was affected. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 14 | Section 245(1) of the Commonwealth Electoral Act currently states: “It shall be the duty of every elector to vote at each election.” The section goes on to establish a penalty of A$20 (,US$12) (or A$50, ,US$30) if the matter is dealt with by a court) for electors who fail to vote and who cannot provide a valid and sufficient reason. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 15 | Generally, at the federal level, one only has to be “living” in a federal division to be able to enroll, although there is a 1-month qualification period and the traditional electoral form stipulates a residential address. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 16 | But in any event, as long as minor party, independent and protest voting runs at current levels of 15–20%, significant reform favoring the parties of government is unlikely to be popular, and tinkering at the edges of the quotas is unlikely to affect the number of hung Senates. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 17 | It guarantees that electoral winners receive at least 50%11 of the two candidate preferred vote. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 18 | Rather, at root it is a question of how computerization can address and, ideally, enhance public trust and interest in elections. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 19 | This can lead to unfortunate consequences where bi-partisanship over appointments deteriorates, as occurred recently at the federal level. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 20 | Even then, full equality at Commonwealth elections did not eventuate until 1983, when enrolment for and voting in Commonwealth elections were made compulsory for Aboriginal, as it already was for other Australians. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 21 | (2) After subsection (1) insert— “(1A) A person (“P”) is guilty of an offence if P applies for the appointment of a proxy to vote for P— (a) at a parliamentary election, where P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at that election, or at parliamentary elections, for four or more other electors; (b) at a parliamentary election where— (i) P is or will be registered in a register of parliamentary electors otherwise than in pursuance of an overseas elector’s declaration or a service declaration, and (ii) P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at that election, or at parliamentary elections, for two or more other electors none of whom is registered in a register of parliamentary electors in pursuance of an overseas elector’s declaration or a service declaration; (c) at a local government election in England, where P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at that election, or at local government elections in England, for four or more other electors; (d) at a local government election in England where— (i) P is or will be registered in a register of local government electors in England otherwise than in pursuance of a service declaration, and (ii) P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at that election, or at local government elections in England, for two or more other electors none of whom is registered in a register of local government electors in England in pursuance of a service declaration; (e) at parliamentary elections, where P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at a parliamentary election, or at parliamentary elections, for four or more other electors; (f) at parliamentary elections where— (i) P is or will be registered in a register of parliamentary electors otherwise than in pursuance of an overseas elector’s declaration or a service declaration, and (ii) P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at a parliamentary election, or at parliamentary elections, for two or more other electors none of whom is registered in a register of parliamentary electors in pursuance of an overseas elector’s declaration or a service declaration; (g) at local government elections in England, where P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at a local government election in England, or at local government elections in England, for four or more other electors; (h) at local government elections in England, where— (i) P is or will be registered in a register of local government electors in England otherwise than in pursuance of a service declaration, and (ii) P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote, at a local government election in England, or at local government elections in England, for two or more other electors none of whom is registered in a register of local government electors in England in pursuance of a service declaration.” (3) After subsection (3A) insert— “(3B) A person (“P”) is also guilty of an offence if P votes as proxy— (a) for more than four electors— (i) at a parliamentary election; (ii) where the polls for two or more parliamentary elections are held on the same day, at those elections taken together; (iii) at a local government election in England; (iv) where the polls for two or more local government elections in England are held on the same day, at those elections taken together; (b) for more than two electors— (i) at a parliamentary election, or (ii) where the polls for two or more parliamentary elections are held on the same day, at those elections taken together, where P knows that more than two of those electors are registered in a register of parliamentary electors otherwise than in pursuance of an overseas elector’s declaration or a service declaration; (c) for more than two electors— (i) at a local government election in England, or (ii) where the polls for two or more local government elections in England are held on the same day, at those elections taken together, where P knows that more than two of those electors are registered in a register of local government electors otherwise than in pursuance of a service declaration.” (4) In subsection (4)— (a) omit “at a parliamentary election in any constituency or”; (b) after “any electoral area” insert “in Wales or Scotland”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 22 | (2) After sub-paragraph (1) insert— “(1A) A person (“P”) is guilty of an illegal practice if P applies for the appointment of a proxy to vote for P— (a) at a local election, where P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at that election, or at local elections, for four or more other electors; (b) at a local election where— (i) P is or will be registered in the register of local electors otherwise than by virtue of a service qualification, and (ii) P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at that election, or at local elections, for two or more other electors none of whom is registered in a register of local electors by virtue of a service qualification; (c) at local elections, where P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at a local election, or at local elections, for four or more other electors; (d) at local elections, where— (i) P is or will be registered in the register of local electors otherwise than by virtue of a service qualification, and (ii) P knows that the person to be appointed is already appointed as proxy to vote at a local election, or at local elections, for two or more other electors none of whom is registered in a register of local electors by virtue of a service qualification.” (3) For sub-paragraph (4) substitute— “(4) A person is also guilty of an illegal practice if the person votes as proxy— (a) for more than four electors— (i) at a local election, or (ii) where the polls for two or more local elections are held on the same day, at those elections taken together; (b) for more than two electors— (i) at a local election, or (ii) where the polls for two or more local elections are held on the same day, at those elections taken together, where the person knows that more than two of those electors are registered in a register of local electors otherwise than by virtue of a service qualification.” (4) In sub-paragraph (6), after “deemed to have voted” insert “(but see sub-paragraph (6A))”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 23 | 11 In paragraph 13, after sub-paragraph (1) insert— “(1ZZA) References in sub-paragraph (1)(b) to a registration officer’s registration duties include references to— (a) in the case of a registration officer in Great Britain, the officer’s functions— (i) under sections 13BD and 13BE, and (ii) in relation to applications under paragraph 3, 4 or 6 of Schedule 4 to the Representation of the People Act 2000, other than applications in relation to a local government election, or local government elections, in Scotland or Wales; (b) in the case of the Chief Electoral Officer for Northern Ireland, the Chief Electoral Officer’s functions— (i) under section 13C, and (ii) in relation to applications under section 6, 7 or 8 of the Representation of the People Act 1985.” Power to remove signature requirements 12 (1) The Secretary of State may by regulations— (a) amend Schedule 4 to the Representation of the People Act 2000 (absent voting in Great Britain) by removing any requirement for an application under paragraph 3, 4 or 7 of that Schedule, other than an excluded application, to contain the applicant’s signature; (b) amend section 6 or 7 of the Representation of the People Act 1985 (absent voting at parliamentary elections in Northern Ireland) by removing any requirement for an application under either of those sections to contain the applicant’s signature. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 24 | (3) For paragraph (2) substitute— “(2) In the case of a person applying as proxy, the presiding officer may, and if required as mentioned in paragraph (1) above must, put the following additional question:— (a) “Have you already voted as proxy at this election, either here or elsewhere in this or any other district electoral area, on behalf of four or more electors?” and if the person answers that question in the negative, the following question:— (b) “Have you already voted as proxy at this election, either here or elsewhere in this or any other district electoral area, on behalf of two or more electors both or all of whom are registered in a register of local electors in Northern Ireland otherwise than by virtue of a service qualification?” and if the person answers that question in the affirmative, the following question:— (c) “Is the elector (or are the electors) for whom you are voting today at this election registered in a register of local electors in Northern Ireland otherwise than by virtue of a service qualification?”” (4) After paragraph (2) insert— “(2A) Where a clerk— (a) gives a person the required information (see paragraph (6)), (b) puts any of the questions set out in paragraphs (1) to (2) above to the person, and (c) decides that the person has failed to answer the question satisfactorily, the clerk must refer the matter to the presiding officer, who must put the question to the person again.” (5) For paragraph (3) substitute— “(3) Where the presiding officer— (a) gives a person the required information, (b) puts any of the questions set out in paragraphs (1) to (2) above to the person (whether or not following a referral under paragraph (2A)), and (c) decides that the person has failed to answer the question satisfactorily, the officer must refuse to deliver a ballot paper to the person.” (6) After paragraph (5) insert— “(6) For the purposes of this rule, a person to whom any question is to be put is given “the required information” if the person is first informed that— (a) a ballot paper will be refused if the person fails to answer each question satisfactorily, and (b) giving false information may be an offence.” 14 (1) Rule 34 (voting procedure) is amended as follows. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 25 | (5) In this section— “the Islands” means the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man; “qualifying country” means a country— (a) that was a member State immediately before IP completion day, other than the Republic of Ireland, (b) that was part of a member State immediately before IP completion day, other than the Republic of Ireland, or (c) that is formed entirely of two or more former countries, both or all of which were member States immediately before IP completion day, other than the Republic of Ireland; “ratification”, in relation to a treaty, is to be construed in accordance with section 25(3) of the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010; “relevant treaty” means a treaty containing provision relating to eligibility to vote and to stand as a candidate at elections; “treaty” has the same meaning as in Part 2 of the Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010 (see section 25 of that Act). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 26 | (2) After subsection (3) insert— “(3A) No person may— (a) except for some purpose authorised by law, obtain or attempt to obtain information, or communicate at any time to any other person any information, as to the number or other unique identifying mark on the back of a ballot paper sent to a person for voting by post at a relevant election; (b) except for some purpose authorised by law, obtain or attempt to obtain information, or communicate at any time to any other person any information, as to the official mark on a ballot paper sent to a person for voting by post at a relevant election; (c) obtain or attempt to obtain information, in the circumstances mentioned in subsection (3B), as to the candidate for whom a person voting by post at a relevant election (“V”) is about to vote or has voted; (d) communicate at any time to any other person information obtained in contravention of paragraph (c). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 27 | (3) After sub-paragraph (3) insert— “(3A) A person is guilty of an electoral offence if the person— (a) except for some purpose authorised by law, obtains or attempts to obtain information, or communicates at any time to any other person any information, as to the number or other unique identifying mark on the back of a ballot paper sent to a person for voting by post at a local election; (b) except for some purpose authorised by law, obtains or attempts to obtain information, or communicates at any time to any other person any information, as to the official mark on a ballot paper sent to a person for voting by post at a local election; (c) obtains or attempts to obtain information, in the circumstances mentioned in sub-paragraph (3B), as to the candidate for whom a person voting by post at a local election (“V”) is about to vote or has voted; or (d) communicates at any time to any other person information obtained in contravention of paragraph (c). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 28 | (3F) A person voting as proxy for an elector at a local election is guilty of an electoral offence if the person— (a) communicates at any time to any person other than that elector any information as to the candidate for whom the person is about to vote, or has voted, as proxy for that elector; or (b) except for some purpose authorised by law, communicates at any time to any person other than that elector any information as to the number or other unique identifying mark on the back of a ballot paper sent or delivered to the person for voting as proxy for that elector.” (4) After sub-paragraph (4) insert— “(5) A person who has undertaken to assist a relevant voter to vote at a local election is guilty of an electoral offence if the person communicates at any time to any person except that voter any information as to— (a) the candidate for whom the voter intends to vote or has voted, or (b) the number or other unique identifying mark on the back of the ballot paper given for the use of the voter. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 29 | (3F) A person voting as proxy for an elector at a relevant election— (a) must not communicate at any time to any person other than that elector any information as to the candidate for whom the person is about to vote, or has voted, as proxy for that elector; (b) except for some purpose authorised by law, must not communicate at any time to any person other than that elector the number or other unique identifying mark on the back of a ballot paper sent or delivered to the person for voting as proxy for that elector.” (3) After subsection (4) insert— “(4A) No person having undertaken to assist a relevant voter to vote at a relevant election may communicate at any time to any person except that voter any information as to— (a) the candidate for whom the voter intends to vote or has voted, or (b) the number or other unique identifying mark on the back of the ballot paper given for the use of the voter. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 30 | Candidates etc at elections to Senedd Cymru 3 (1) This paragraph applies if— (a) apart from this paragraph— (i) a constituency or individual candidate at an election to Senedd Cymru or an election agent of such a candidate, or (ii) a party list candidate at an election to Senedd Cymru or the election agent of a registered party in relation to that party's list at such an election, would be guilty of an offence under section 48(1), and (b) the offence under section 48(1) would relate to the publication of electronic material which can reasonably be regarded as intended to achieve a purpose within— (i) section 43(4) as it applies to candidates at the election, or (ii) section 45(5) as it applies to candidates at the election. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 31 | (4) In rule 45 (the count)— (a) in paragraph (1B)— (i) omit “and” at the end of sub-paragraph (c); (ii) insert “and” at the end of sub-paragraph (d); (iii) after sub-paragraph (d) insert— “(e) where regulations contain provision made by virtue of paragraph 12ZA of Schedule 2 (handing in postal voting documents), the postal ballot paper is not one that falls to be rejected in accordance with that provision.”; (b) in paragraph (2)— (i) for sub-paragraph (a) substitute— “(a) it is returned in the prescribed manner, accompanied by the declaration of identity duly signed and authenticated, and reaches the returning officer before the close of the poll,”; (ii) insert “and” at the end of sub-paragraph (b); (iii) after sub-paragraph (b) insert— “(c) where regulations contain provision made by virtue of paragraph 12ZB of Schedule 2 (handing in postal voting documents: Northern Ireland), the postal ballot paper is not one that falls to be rejected in accordance with that provision.” (5) In Schedule 2 (provisions which may be contained in regulations as to registration etc), after paragraph 12 insert— “12ZA (1) Where regulations under rule 45(1B)(a) or (b) in Schedule 1 provide that a postal voting document may be returned by hand to a polling station or to the returning officer, provision within this paragraph. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 32 | (8) In subsection (3)— (a) in paragraph (a), for “either” substitute “any of the following sub-paragraphs applies— (ai) during a regulated period in relation to which any limit is imposed by paragraph 3, 7, 9, 10 or 11 of Schedule 10 (periods involving parliamentary general elections or general elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly), any controlled expenditure is incurred by or on behalf of a third party in excess of £10,000;”; (b) at the end of paragraph (a)(i), for “, or” substitute “;”; (c) for paragraph (b) substitute— “(b) the third party— (i) in a case within paragraph (a)(ai) or (ii), is not a recognised third party; (ii) in a case within paragraph (a)(i), is not a recognised third party or, where the regulated period is one in relation to which any limit is imposed by paragraph 3, 7, 9, 10 or 11 of Schedule 10, is a recognised third party but is subject to the lower-tier expenditure limits.” (9) After subsection (4) insert— “(4ZA) In its application to a case within subsection (3)(a)(i) where the third party is a recognised third party that is subject to the lower-tier expenditure limits, the reference in subsection (4)(a)(i) to any person who authorised the expenditure to be incurred is to be read as a reference to the responsible person.” (10) After subsection (10) insert— “(10A) Where an offence under subsection (4) is committed in the case of a recognised third party that is subject to the lower-tier expenditure limits— (a) the third party ceases to be subject to those limits at the time the offence is committed, and (b) this Part then applies to the third party as if the notification under section 88(1) which is for the time being in force in relation to the third party did not contain a statement under section 88(3D).” (11) In section 94A of PPERA (arrangements between third parties notified to the Commission), after subsection (5) insert— “(5A) A recognised third party that is subject to the lower-tier expenditure limits may not send a notice under subsection (1).” (12) The following subsection: “( ) This section does not apply in relation to a recognised third party that is subject to the lower-tier expenditure limits.”— (a) is inserted after the provision of PPERA mentioned in the left-hand column of the following table, and (b) is inserted after that provision with the applicable number mentioned in the right-column of the table. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 33 | 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 34 | (12) If the functions of the Levelling Up, Housing and Communities Committee at the passing of this Act with respect to electoral matters (or functions corresponding substantially to such matters) become functions of a different committee of the House of Commons, the reference in subsection (1)(b) to that Committee is to be read as a reference to the committee which for the time being has those functions.” (2) In section 156 of PPERA (orders and regulations), in subsection (3), before paragraph (a) insert— “(za) an order under section 100B(8);” (3) In Schedule 8A to PPERA (controlled expenditure: qualifying expenses), in paragraph 3, after sub-paragraph (10) insert— “(11) This paragraph does not apply in relation to expenses incurred during a period in relation to which any limit is imposed by paragraph 3, 7, 9, 10 or 11 of Schedule 10 (regulated periods for parliamentary general elections or general elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly) (see sections 100A and 100B as regards expenses incurred during such a period).” PART 5 DISQUALIFICATION OF OFFENDERS FOR HOLDING ELECTIVE OFFICE ETC 30 Disqualification orders (1) This section applies where— (a) a person (“the offender”) is convicted of a Schedule 9 offence, (b) the offender was aged 18 or over when the offence was committed, and (c) the court is satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that the offence is aggravated by hostility related to persons falling within any of sections 32 to 34. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 35 | (3) For the purposes of subsection (2)— (a) the reference to electoral success at a particular relevant election is a reference— (i) in relation to a registered party, to the return at the election of any candidate or future candidate who is standing, or is to stand, in the name of the party or is included, or is to be included, in a list of candidates submitted by the party in connection with the election, and (ii) in relation to any candidate or future candidate, to their return at the election, and (b) the reference to doing any of the things mentioned in that subsection includes doing so by prejudicing the electoral prospects at the election of other parties, candidates or future candidates. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 36 | Schedule 11—Illegal practices (2) In section 379(1) (other behaviour orders etc), after the entry for the Psychoactive Substances Act 2016 insert— “Elections Act 2022 section 30 disqualification Schedule 9 offence within the order meaning of section 30 of that Act.” SCHEDULE 11 Section 48 ILLEGAL PRACTICES Candidates etc at parliamentary, Northern Ireland Assembly and local elections 1 (1) This paragraph applies if— (a) apart from this paragraph, a candidate at an election, or an election agent of such a candidate, would be guilty of an offence under section 48(1), (b) the election is— (i) a parliamentary election, (ii) an election to the Northern Ireland Assembly, (iii) a local government election within the meaning of section 191 or 203 of RPA 1983, (iv) an election under Part 1A or 2 of the Local Government Act 2000 for the return of an elected mayor, or (v) an election for the return of a mayor for the area of a combined authority, and (c) the offence under section 48(1) would relate to the publication of electronic material which can reasonably be regarded as intended to achieve a purpose within— (i) section 43(4) as it applies to candidates at the election, or (ii) section 45(5) as it applies to candidates at the election. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 37 | Elections Act 2022 CHAPTER 37 CONTENTS PART 1 ADMINISTRATION AND CONDUCT OF ELECTIONS Voter identification, applications for postal and proxy votes, etc 1 Voter identification 2 Power to make regulations about registration, absent voting and other matters Postal and proxy voting 3 Restriction of period for which person can apply for postal vote 4 Handling of postal voting documents by political campaigners 5 Handing in postal voting documents 6 Limit on number of electors for whom a proxy can vote 7 Requirement of secrecy Undue influence 8 Undue influence Assistance with voting for persons with disabilities 9 Assistance with voting for persons with disabilities Nomination of candidates at parliamentary elections 10 Candidate nomination paper: commonly used names 11 Home address form: statement of local authority area Northern Ireland elections 12 Local elections and Assembly elections in Northern Ireland ii Elections Act 2022 (c. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 38 | (4) After sub-paragraph (5) insert— “(5A) Any grant of an application under sub-paragraph (4)(a) to vote by post as proxy at parliamentary elections, or at local government elections in England, is to be for— Schedule 3—Restriction of period for which person can apply for postal vote (a) the period ending with the third 31 January following the date on which the application is granted, or (b) any shorter period specified in the application.” (5) In sub-paragraph (6)— (a) in paragraph (a)— (i) omit the “and” at the end of sub-paragraph (i), and (ii) omit sub-paragraph (ii) (including the “and” at the end); (b) after paragraph (a) insert— “(aa) in the case of those who may vote by post as proxy at parliamentary elections or at local government elections in England (or both), the period for which they may do so, (ab) in the case of those who may vote by post as proxy at local government elections in Scotland or Wales, whether their applications were to vote by post as proxy for an indefinite or a particular period (specifying that period), and”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 39 | Candidates etc at local elections in Northern Ireland 5 (1) This paragraph applies if— (a) apart from this paragraph, a candidate at an election, or an election agent of such a candidate, would be guilty of an offence under section 48(1), (b) the election is a local election within the meaning of the Electoral Law Act (Northern Ireland) 1962 (see section 130(1) of that Act), and (c) the offence under section 48(1) would relate to the publication of electronic material which can reasonably be regarded as intended to achieve a purpose within— (i) section 43(4) as it applies to candidates at the election, or (ii) section 45(5) as it applies to candidates at the election. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 40 | 37 Elections Act 2022 2022 CHAPTER 37 An Act to make provision about the administration and conduct of elections, including provision designed to strengthen the integrity of the electoral process and provision about the use of the simple majority system in elections for certain offices; about overseas electors; about voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens; about the designation of a strategy and policy statement for the Electoral Commission; about the membership of the Speaker’s Committee; about the Electoral Commission’s functions in relation to criminal proceedings; about financial information to be provided by a political party on applying for registration; for preventing a person being registered as a political party and being a recognised non-party campaigner at the same time; about regulation of expenditure for political purposes; about disqualification of offenders for holding elective offices; about information to be included in electronic campaigning material; and for connected purposes. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 41 | Each report under this section shall disclose— (1) the amount of cash on hand at the beginning of the reporting period; (2) for the reporting period and calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office), the total amount of all receipts, and the total amount of all receipts in the following categories: (A) contributions from persons other than political committees; (B) for an authorized committee, contributions from the candidate; (C) contributions from political party committees; (D) contributions from other political committees; (E) for an authorized committee, transfers from other authorized committees of the same candidate; (F) transfers from affiliated committees and, where the reporting committee is a political party committee, transfers from other political party committees, regardless of whether such committees are affiliated; (G) for an authorized committee, loans made by or guaranteed by the candidate; (H) all other loans; (I) rebates, refunds, and other offsets to operating expenditures; (J) dividends, interest, and other forms of receipts; and (K) for an authorized committee of a candidate for the office of President, Federal funds received under chapter 95 and chapter 96 of title 26; (3) the identification of each— (A) person (other than a political committee) who makes a contribution to the reporting committee during the reporting period, whose contribution or contributions have an aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 within the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office), or in any lesser amount if the reporting committee should so elect, together with the date and amount of any such contribution; (B) political committee which makes a contribution to the reporting committee during the reporting period, together with the date and amount of any such contribution; (C) authorized committee which makes a transfer to the reporting committee; (D) affiliated committee which makes a transfer to the reporting committee during the reporting period and, where the reporting committee is a political party committee, each transfer of funds to the reporting committee from another political party committee, regardless of whether such committees are affiliated, together with the date and amount of such transfer; (E) person who makes a loan to the reporting committee during the reporting period, together with the identification of any endorser or guarantor of such loan, and date and amount or value of such loan; (F) person who provides a rebate, refund, or other offset to operating expenditures to the reporting committee in an aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 within the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office), together with the date and amount of such receipt; and (G) person who provides any dividend, interest, or other receipt to the reporting committee in an aggregate value or amount in excess of $200 within the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office), together with the date and amount of any such receipt; (4) for the reporting period and the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office), the total amount of all disbursements, and all disbursements in the following categories: (A) expenditures made to meet candidate or committee operating expenses; (B) for authorized committees, transfers to other committees authorized by the same candidate; (C) transfers to affiliated committees and, where the reporting committee is a political party committee, transfers to other political party committees, regardless of whether they are affiliated; (D) for an authorized committee, repayment of loans made by or guaranteed by the candidate; (E) repayment of all other loans; (F) contribution refunds and other offsets to contributions; (G) for an authorized committee, any other disbursements; (H) for any political committee other than an authorized committee— (i) contributions made to other political committees; (ii) loans made by the reporting committees; (iii) independent expenditures; (iv) expenditures made under section 30116(d) of this title; and (v) any other disbursements; and (I) for an authorized committee of a candidate for the office of President, disbursements not subject to the limitation of section 30116(b) of this title; (5) the name and address of each— (A) person to whom an expenditure in an aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 within the calendar year is made by the reporting committee to meet a candidate or committee operating expense, together with the date, amount, and purpose of such operating expenditure; (B) authorized committee to which a transfer is made by the reporting committee; (C) affiliated committee to which a transfer is made by the reporting committee during the reporting period and, where the reporting committee is a political party committee, each transfer of funds by the reporting committee to another political party committee, regardless of whether such committees are affiliated, together with the date and amount of such transfers; (D) person who receives a loan repayment from the reporting committee during the reporting period, together with the date and amount of such loan repayment; and (E) person who receives a contribution refund or other offset to contributions from the reporting committee where such contribution was reported under paragraph (3)(A) of this subsection, together with the date and amount of such disbursement; (6) (A) for an authorized committee, the name and address of each person who has received any disbursement not disclosed under paragraph (5) in an aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 within the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office), together with the date and amount of any such disbursement; (B) for any other political committee, the name and address of each— (i) political committee which has received a contribution from the reporting committee during the reporting period, together with the date and amount or any such contribution; (ii) person who has received a loan from the reporting committee during the reporting period, together with the date and amount of such loan; (iii) person who receives any disbursement during the reporting period in an aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 within the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office) in connection with an independent expenditure by the reporting committee, together with the date, amount, and purpose of any such independent expenditure and a statement which indicates whether such independent expenditure is in support of, or in opposition to, a candidate, as well as the name and office sought by such candidate, and a certification, under penalty of perjury, whether such independent expenditure is made in cooperation, consultation, or concert, with, or at the request or suggestion of, any candidate or any authorized committee or agent of such committee; (iv) person who receives any expenditure from the reporting committee during the reporting period in connection with an expenditure under section 30116(d) of this title, together with the date, amount, and purpose of any such expenditure as well as the name of, and office sought by, the candidate on whose behalf the expenditure is made; and (v) person who has received any disbursement not otherwise disclosed in this paragraph or paragraph (5) in an aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 within the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office) from the reporting committee within the reporting period, together with the date, amount, and purpose of any such disbursement; (7) the total sum of all contributions to such political committee, together with the total contributions less offsets to contributions and the total sum of all operating expenditures made by such political committee, together with total operating expenditures less offsets to operating expenditures, for both the reporting period and the calendar year (or election cycle, in the case of an authorized committee of a candidate for Federal office); and (8) the amount and nature of outstanding debts and obligations owed by or to such political committee; and where such debts and obligations are settled for less than their reported amount or value, a statement as to the circumstances and conditions under which such debts or obligations were extinguished and the consideration therefor. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 42 | In addition to any subject determined by the Commission, the regulations shall address-- (1) payments for the republication of campaign materials; (2) payments for the use of a common vendor; (3) payments for communications directed or made by persons who previously served as an employee of a candidate or a political party; and (4) payments for communications made by a person after substantial discussion about the communication with a candidate or a political party.” (B) (i) expenditures made by any person in cooperation, consultation, or concert, with, or at the request or suggestion of, a candidate, his authorized political committees, or their agents, shall be considered to be a contribution to such candidate; (ii) expenditures made by any person (other than a candidate or candidate’s authorized committee) in cooperation, consultation, or concert, with, or at the request or suggestion of, a national, State, or local committee of a political party, shall be considered to be contributions made to such party committee; and (iii) the financing by any person of the dissemination, distribution, or republication, in whole or in part, of any broadcast or any written, graphic, or other form of campaign materials prepared by the candidate, his campaign committees, or their authorized agents shall be considered to be an expenditure for purposes of this paragraph; and (C) if— (i) any person makes, or contracts to make, any disbursement for any electioneering communication (within the meaning of section 30104(f)(3) of this title); and (ii) such disbursement is coordinated with a candidate or an authorized committee of such candidate, a Federal, State, or local political party or committee thereof, or an agent or official of any such candidate, party, or committee; such disbursement or contracting shall be treated as a contribution to the candidate supported by the electioneering communication or that candidate’s party and as an expenditure by that candidate or that candidate’s party; and (D) contributions made to or for the benefit of any candidate nominated by a political party for election to the office of Vice President of the United States shall be considered to be contributions made to or for the benefit of the candidate of such party for election to the office of President of the United States. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 43 | (B) The term “contribution” does not include– (i) the value of services provided without compensation by any individual who volunteers on behalf of a candidate or political committee; (ii) the use of real or personal property, including a church or community room used on a regular basis by members of a community for noncommercial purposes, and the cost of invitations, food, and beverages, voluntarily provided by an individual to any candidate or any political committee of a political party in rendering voluntary personal services on the individual’s residential premises or in the church or community room for candidate-related or political party-related activities, to the extent that the cumulative value of such invitations, food, and beverages provided by such individual on behalf of any single candidate does not exceed $1,000 with respect to any single election, and on behalf of all political committees of a political party does not exceed $2,000 in any calendar year; (iii) the sale of any food or beverage by a vendor for use in any candidate’s campaign or for use by or on behalf of any political committee of a political party at a charge less than the normal comparable charge, if such charge is at least equal to the cost of such food or beverage to the vendor, to the extent that the cumulative value of such activity by such vendor on behalf of any single candidate does not exceed $1,000 with respect to any single election, and on behalf of all political committees of a political party does exceed $2000 in any calendar year; (iv) any unreimbursed payment for travel expenses made by any individual on behalf of any candidate or any political committee of a political party, to the extent that the cumulative value of such activity by such individual on behalf of any single candidate does not exceed $1,000 with respect to any single election, and on behalf of all political committees of a political party does not exceed $2,000 in any calendar year; (v) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of preparation, display, or mailing or other distribution incurred by such committee with respect to a printed slate card or sample ballot, or other printed listing, of 3 or more candidates for any public office for which an election is held in the State in which such committee is organized, except that this clause shall not apply to any cost incurred by such committee with respect to a display of any such listing made on broadcasting stations, or in newspapers, magazines, or similar types of general public political advertising; (vi) any payment made or obligation incurred by a corporation or a labor organization which, under section 30118(b) of this title, would not constitute an expenditure by such corporation or labor organization; (vii) any loan of money by a State bank, a federally chartered depository institution, or a depository institution the deposits or accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation . VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 44 | The Secretary or the Commission shall exclude these lists from the public record; (5) keep such designations, reports, and statements for a period of 10 years from the date of receipt, except that designations, reports, and statements that relate solely to candidates for the House of Representatives shall be kept for 5 years from the date of their receipt; (6) (A) compile and maintain a cumulative index of designations, reports, and statements filed under this Act, which index shall be published at regular intervals and made available for purchase directly or by mail; (B) compile, maintain, and revise a separate cumulative index of reports and statements filed by multicandidate committees, including in such index a list of multicandidate committees; and (C) compile and maintain a list of multicandidate committees, which shall be revised and made available monthly; (7) prepare and publish periodically lists of authorized committees which fail to file reports as required by this Act; § 30111 (8) prescribe rules, regulations, and forms to carry out the provisions of this Act, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (d) of this section; and (9) transmit to the President and to each House of the Congress no later than June 1 of each year, a report which states in detail the activities of the Commission in carrying out its duties under this Act, and any recommendations for any legislative or other action the Commission considers appropriate; (b) Audits and field investigations. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 45 | (2) For purposes of this section and section 79l(h) of title 15,23 the term “contribution or expenditure” includes a contribution or expenditure, as those terms are defined in section 30101 of this title, and also includes any direct or indirect payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit, or gift of money, or any services, or anything of value (except a loan of money by a national or State bank made in accordance with the applicable banking laws and regulations and in the ordinary course of business) to any candidate, campaign committee, or political party or organization, in connection with any election to any of the offices referred to in this section or for any applicable electioneering communication,but shall not include (A) communications by a corporation to its stockholders and executive or administrative personnel and their families or by a labor organization to its members and their families on any subject; (B) nonpartisan registration and get-out-the-vote campaigns by a corporation aimed at its stockholders and executive or administrative personnel and their families, or by a labor organization aimed at its members and their families; and (C) the establishment, administration, and solicitation of contributions to a separate segregated fund to be utilized for political purposes by a corporation, labor organization, membership organization, cooperative, or corporation without capital stock. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 46 | (iii) if the organization filed an application for recognition of exemption under section 501 or notice of status under section 527(i), the exempt status application materials or any notice materials of such organization, and (iv) the reports filed under section 527(j) (relating to required disclosure of expenditures and contributions) by such organization, shall be made available by such organization for inspection during regular business hours by any individual at the principal office of such organization and, if such organization regularly maintains 1 or more regional or district offices having 3 or more employees, at each such regional or district office, and (B) upon request of an individual made at such principal office or such a regional or district office, a copy of such annual return, reports, and exempt status application materials or such notice materials shall be provided to such individual without charge other than a reasonable fee for any reproduction and mailing costs. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 47 | The term ‘personal funds’ means an amount that is derived from— (A) any asset that, under applicable State law, at the time the individual became a candidate, the candidate had legal right of access to or control over, and with respect to which the candidate had— (i) legal and rightful title; or (ii) an equitable interest; (B) income received during the current election cycle of the candidate, including— (i) a salary and other earned income from bona fide employment; (ii) dividends and proceeds from the sale of the candidate’s stocks or other investments; (iii) bequests to the candidate; (iv) income from trusts established before the beginning of the election cycle; (v) income from trusts established by bequest after the beginning of the election cycle of which the candidate is the beneficiary; (vi) gifts of a personal nature that had been customarily received by the candidate prior to the beginning of the election cycle; and (vii) proceeds from lotteries and similar legal games of chance; and (C) a portion of assets that are jointly owned by the candidate and the candidate’s spouse equal to the candidate’s share of the asset under the instrument of conveyance or ownership, but if no specific share is indicated by an instrument of conveyance or ownership, the value of 1/2 of the property. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 48 | It is unlawful for any national bank, or any corporation organized by authority of any law of Congress, to make a contribution or expenditure in connection with any election to any political office, or in connection with any primary election or political convention or caucus held to select candidates for any political office, or for any corporation whatever, or any labor organization, to make a contribution or expenditure in connection with any election at which presidential and vice presidential electors or a Senator or Representative in, or a Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, Congress are to be voted for, or in connection with any primary election or political convention or caucus held to select candidates for any of the foregoing offices, or for any candidate, political committee, or other person knowingly to accept or receive any contribution prohibited by this section, or any officer or any director of any corporation or any national bank or any officer of any labor organization to consent to any contribution or expenditure by the corporation, national bank, or labor organization, as the case may be, prohibited by this section. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 49 | If an organization described in section 501(c) or (d) is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) for any taxable year or a political organization is exempt from taxation under section 527 for any taxable year, the application filed by the organization with respect to which the Secretary made his determination that such organization was entitled to exemption under section 501(a) or notice of status filed by the organization under section 527(i), together with any papers submitted in support of such application or notice, and any letter or other document issued by the Internal Revenue Service with respect to such application or notice shall be open to public inspection at the national office of the Internal Revenue Service. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 50 | (3) If the committee is the principal campaign committee of a candidate for the office of President— (A) in any calendar year during which a general election is held to fill such office— (i) the treasurer shall file monthly reports if such committee has on January 1 of such year, received contributions aggregating $100,000 or made expenditures aggregating $100,000 or anticipates receiving contributions aggregating $100,000 or more or making expenditures aggregating $100,000 or more during such year: such monthly reports shall be filed no later than the 20th day after the last day of each month and shall be complete as of the last day of the month, except that, in lieu of filing the report otherwise due in November and December, a pre-general election report shall be filed in accordance with paragraph (2)(A)(i), a post-general election report shall be filed in accordance with paragraph (2)(A)(ii), and a year end report shall be filed no later than January 31 of the following calendar year; (ii) the treasurer of the other principal campaign committees of a candidate for the office of President shall file a pre-election report or reports in accordance with paragraph (2)(A)(i), a post-general election report in accordance with paragraph (2)(A)(ii), and quarterly reports in accordance with paragraph (2)(A)(iii); and (iii) if at any time during the election year a committee filing under paragraph (3)(A)(ii) receives contributions in excess of $100,000 or makes expenditures in excess of $100,000, the treasurer shall begin filing monthly reports under paragraph (3)(A)(i) at the next reporting period; and (B) in any other calendar year, the treasurer shall file either— (i) monthly reports, which shall be filed no later than the 20th day after the last day of each month and shall be complete as of the last day of the month; or (ii) quarterly reports, which shall be filed no later than the 15th day after the last day of each calendar quarter and which shall be complete as of the last day of each calendar quarter. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 51 | (b) The Secretary of State (or equivalent State officer), or the officer designated under subsection (a)(1) of this section, shall— (1) receive and maintain in an orderly manner all reports and statements required by this Act to be filed therewith; (2) keep such reports and statements (either in original filed form or in facsimile copy by microfilm or otherwise) for 2 years after their date of receipt; (3) make each report and statement filed therewith available as soon as practicable (but within 48 hours of receipt) for public inspection and copying during regular business hours, and permit copying of any such report or statement by hand or by duplicating machine at the request of any person, except that such copying shall be at the expense of the person making the request; and (4) compile and maintain a current list of all reports and statements pertaining to each candidate. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 52 | The Commission shall— (i) promulgate standards to be used by vendors to develop software that— (I) permits candidates to easily record information concerning receipts and disbursements required to be reported under this Act at the time of the receipt or disbursement; (II) allows the information recorded under subclause (I) to be transmitted immediately to the Commission; and (III) allows the Commission to post the information on the Internet immediately upon receipt; and (ii) make a copy of software that meets the standards promulgated under clause (i) available to each person required to file a designation, statement, or report in electronic form under this Act. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 53 | It shall be unlawful for any person— (1) Who enters into any contract with the United States or any department or agency thereof either for the rendition of personal services or furnishing any material, supplies, or equipment to the United States or any department or agency thereof or for selling any land or building to the United States or any department or agency thereof, if payment for the performance of such contract or payment for such material, supplies, equipment, land, or building is to be made in whole or in part from funds appropriated by the Congress, at any time between the commencement of negotiations for the later of (A) the completion of performance under; or (B) the termination of negotiations for, such contract or furnishing of material, supplies, equipment, land, or buildings, directly or indirectly to make any contribution of money or other things of value, or to promise expressly or impliedly to make any such contribution to any political party, committee, or candidate for public office or to any person for any political purpose or use; or (2) knowingly to solicit any such contribution from any such person for any such purpose during any such period. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 54 | To be eligible to receive payments under section 9037, a candidate shall certify to the Commission that— (1) the candidate and his authorized committees will not incur qualified campaign expenses in excess of the limitations on such expenses under section 9035, (2) the candidate is seeking nomination by a political party for election to the office of President of the United States, (3) the candidate has received matching contributions which in the aggregate, exceed $5,000 in contributions from residents of each of at least 20 States, and (4) the aggregate of contributions certified with respect to any person under paragraph (3) does not exceed $250. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 55 | (2) Statements required to be filed by this subsection shall be filed in accordance with subsection (a)(2) of this section, and shall include— (A) the information required by subsection (b)(6)(B)(iii) of this section, indicating whether the independent expenditure is in support of, or in opposition to, the candidate involved; (B) under penalty of perjury, a certification whether or not such independent expenditure is made in cooperation, consultation, or concert, with, or at the request or suggestion of, any candidate or any authorized committee or agent of such candidate; and (C) the identification of each person who made a contribution in excess of $200 to the person filing such statement which was made for the purpose of furthering an independent expenditure. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 56 | Intimidation of voters Whoever intimidates, threatens, coerces, or attempts to intimidate, threaten, or coerce, any other person for the purpose of interfering with the right of such other person to vote or to vote as he may choose, or of causing such other person to vote for, or not to vote for, any candidate for the office of President, Vice President, Presidential elector, Member of the Senate, Member of the House of Representatives, Delegate from the District of Columbia, or Resident Commissioner, at any election held solely or in part for the purpose of electing such candidate, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 57 | (1) All matter broadcast by any radio station for which any money, service or other valuable consideration is directly or indirectly paid, or promised to or charged or accepted by, the station so broadcasting, from any person, shall, at the time the same is so broadcast, be announced as paid for or furnished, as the case may be, by such person: Provided, That “service or other valuable consideration” shall not include any service or property furnished without charge or at a nominal charge for use on, or in connection with, a broadcast unless it is so furnished in consideration for an identification in a broadcast of any person, product, service, trademark, or brand name beyond an identification which is reasonably related to the use of such service or property on the broadcast. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 58 | On or after the date on which a political party nominates a candidate, no committee of the political party may make— (i) any coordinated expenditure under this subsection with respect to the candidate during the election cycle at any time after it makes any independent expenditure (as defined in section 30101(17) of this title with respect to the candidate during the election cycle; or (ii) any independent expenditure (as defined in section 30101(17) of this title with respect to the candidate during the election cycle at any time after it makes any coordinated expenditure under this subsection with respect to the candidate during the election cycle. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 59 | A solicitation under this subparagraph may be made only by mail addressed to stockholders, executive or administrative personnel, or employees at their residence and shall be so designed that the corporation, labor organization, or separate segregated fund conducting such solicitation cannot determine who makes a contribution of $50 or less as a result of such solicitation and who does not make such a contribution. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 60 | A candidate meets the requirements of this subparagraph if, in the case of a television broadcast, at the end of such broadcast there appears simultaneously, for a period no less than 4 seconds— (i) a clearly identifiable photographic or similar image of the candidate; and (ii) a clearly readable printed statement, identifying the candidate and stating that the candidate has approved the broadcast and that the candidate’s authorized committee paid for the broadcast. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 61 | Powers of the Central Election Commission Central Election Commission shall: head the system of election commissions formed for conducting the elections of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, carries out the control over the execution of the present Code throughout the Republic of Uzbekistan, ensure its uniform application; announce the start of the election campaign on the election of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, deputies of the Legislative Chamber and local Kengashes; provide methodological support for the activities of election commissions, within its powers, adopts resolutions, approves instructions and regulations, provides clarifications on the organization of elections; provide general guidance and coordination of activities on the implementation of Information management system of the electoral process and the use of a Single electronic list of voters of the Republic of Uzbekistan (hereinafter — the Single electronic list of voters); form election constituencies for the election of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and deputies of the Legislative Chamber; resolve the matters of assigning polling stations formed under the diplomatic and other representations of the Republic of Uzbekistan in foreign countries to the relevant election constituencies; form the district election commissions for elections of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and deputies of the Legislative Chamber and publish information about their location; establish the procedure for introducing amendments to the composition of election commissions; cancel the decisions of the territorial election commissions either independently or upon the presentation of the General Prosecutor of the Republic of Uzbekistan, in the case if these decisions contravene with the present Code; issue mandates to the observers from foreign states, international organizations at elections; develop and approve the expenditure budget for the preparation and conduct of elections, distribute funds to election commissions, including the financing of political parties’ participation in elections, supervise the provision of election commissions with premises, transport and communication facilities, consider other matters related to material and technical support of elections; determine a sample mandate for observers of political parties, citizens’ self-governing bodies, representatives of mass media, observers from other states, international organizations; make decision on admission of political parties to participate in the elections on the basis of the submitted documents; accept relevant documents from the political parties nominating candidates for the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and deputies of the Legislative Chamber; register candidates for the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and candidates for deputies of the Legislative Chamber, organize publication of the lists of registered candidates and information on them in the press and issuance of certificates for them; register the proxies of candidates for President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and issue them certificates; provide equal conditions of participation at the elections for candidates to the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and candidates to deputy of the Legislative Chamber; establish samples and forms of ballot papers on the election of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, deputies of the Legislative Chamber and members of the Senate, voter lists, signature lists, protocols of election commissions and other documents, ballot boxes and seals of election commissions, determines their storage order. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 62 | Observers shall have the following rights: to be present at meetings of election commissions; to participate in meetings on nomination of candidates, meetings of candidates with voters; to be present at the polling station, to observe the progress of the preparatory work, the placement of booths or rooms for secret voting and the sealing of ballot boxes, the registration of citizens, the issuance of ballots; to be present at counting of votes and drafting the Protocol of the election commission; to request and receive copies of documents related to election results approved by the relevant election commission; to report their observations to the relevant election commission, if there is reason to believe that at the relevant polling station there have been violations of the requirements of the present Code. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 63 | Authorized representatives of political parties Political party which has nominated candidates to the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, candidates for deputies of the Legislative Chamber and candidates to local Kengashes shall have the right to appoint an authorized representative to attend the meetings of election commission, submit documents, to check the correctness of signature lists, and participate in the counting of votes at the polling station. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 64 | Observers from the political parties which nominated the candidates for the Presidency of the Republic of Uzbekistan, deputies of the Legislative Chamber, deputies of the local Kengashes, from citizens’ self-governing bodies, representatives of media, overseas observers and observers of the international organizations have the right to be present in all events associated with the preparation and conducting of elections, at voting premises on election day and at the counting of votes. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 65 | Powers of precinct election commissions Precinct election commission shall: form a list of voters over the polling station; introduce voters with a list of voters, accept and consider applications on errors and inaccuracies in the list, and resolve the matter of making appropriate changes to the list; accept ballots in closed envelopes filled out by voters who are unable to be at their place of residence on election day and participate in voting; inform the population about election day and voting place; provide preparation of the premises with booths or rooms for secret ballot and ballot boxes, as well as other equipment; organize voting at the polling station on election day; organize vote counting; consider the appeals of voters and other participants of the election process, and make decisions on them. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 66 | Right to nominate candidates for deputies A political party may nominate candidates for deputies provided that it is registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan no later than four months before the date of the announcement of the election campaign and has collected at least forty thousand signatures of voters supporting its participation in the elections. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 67 | Documents submitted by political parties for participation in elections In order to nominate candidates for deputy, a political party must submit the following documents to the Central Election Commission not less than seventy days prior to elections: an application signed by the head of the party on participation in elections; a certificate confirming registration of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan at least four months before the announcement of the start of election campaign; signature sheets. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 68 | Voting at polling stations established at diplomatic and other representations of the Republic of Uzbekistan in foreign countries is held on election day from 8.00 to 20.00 local time at the location of these polling stations. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 69 | Voting at the place of residence of a voter in a foreign state Early voting in densely populated areas by voters in foreign countries can be conducted at the voter's place of residence in accordance with international treaties of the Republic of Uzbekistan and agreements with authorized state bodies of foreign states. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 70 | Repeat voting and repeat election of members of the Senate If in the voting, the established number of members of the Senate are not elected, for the unselected amount of members of the Senate the repeat voting shall be held at the same joint meeting among the candidates who have not collected the required amount of votes. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 71 | If at the election of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan participates only one candidate due to various reasons (candidate's death, candidate's health condition which prevents from participation in the elections or his/her candidacy cancelled for other reason established by the law), he/she shall be recognized as elected in case if receives more than half of votes of the total number of voters who participated in the election. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 72 | Polling station at military units, diplomatic and other representative offices of the Republic of Uzbekistan in foreign countries, as well as in places of residence of citizens located in remote and inaccessible areas, in places of detention and imprisonment shall be formed within that period, and not later than seven days before the elections in exceptional cases. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 73 | The lists of voters shall be made available to the public fifteen days before the elections, and at polling stations established under diplomatic and other representative offices of the Republic of Uzbekistan in foreign States, in sanatoriums and resorts, hospitals and other permanent medical institutions, in places of residence of citizens located in remote and inaccessible areas, in places of detention and imprisonment, three days before the elections. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 74 | In polling stations formed at diplomatic and other representations of the Republic of Uzbekistan in foreign countries, in military units, in sanatoriums, resorts, hospitals and other permanent medical institutions, in places of residence of citizens located in remote and inaccessible areas, in places of detention and imprisonment precinct election commission may at any time report the voting completed if all citizens included in the list have voted. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 75 | Nomination of candidates for membership of the Senate Nomination of candidates for membership of the Senate shall be held at the joint meeting. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 76 | The Counting Commission shall: organize and conduct voting on the election of members of the Senate; announce the time, place and procedure of the secret ballot to the participants of the joint meeting; prepare ballot papers by including in them in alphabetical order the surname, name and patronymic of each candidate for the Senate with the date of birth; specify a list of voters, issue a ballot sheets; affix a seal on its front side and ensure the presence on the ballot of signatures of at least two members of the Counting Commission; count the votes and draws up a Protocol on the results of the secret ballot; submit for approval of the joint meeting the results of the secret ballot. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 77 | Determining the results of voting on the election of the members of the Senate Candidates for members of the Senate who received more votes in relation to other candidates as a result of voting, provided that more than fifty percent of deputies of local Kengashes present at the joint meeting voted for them, shall be considered as elected. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 78 | The financing of elections and other material support of candidates and political parties at the expense of foreign States, their natural and legal persons and international organizations is prohibited. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 79 | More than half of the members of a precinct election commission cannot be recommended from one organization, with the exception of precinct election commissions formed at diplomatic and other representations of the Republic of Uzbekistan in foreign countries, in military units, sanatoriums and rest homes, hospitals and other stationary medical institutions, places of detention and imprisonment. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 80 | The inclusion of citizens living in foreign countries to the voter lists Voter lists at polling stations formed at diplomatic and other representations of the Republic of Uzbekistan in foreign countries are compiled on the basis of data provided by the heads of these institutions. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 81 | Part V Powers of the Parliament Section 51 [Legislative Competencies] The Parliament shall, subject to this Constitution, have power to make laws for the peace, order and good government of the Commonwealth with respect to: (i) Trade and commerce with other countries, and among the States; (ii) Taxation; but so as not to discriminate between States or parts of States; (iii) Bounties on the production or export of goods, but so that such bounties shall be uniform throughout the Commonwealth; (iv) Borrowing money on the public credit of the Commonwealth; (v) Postal, telegraphic, telephonic, and other like services; (vi) The naval and military defence of the Commonwealth and of the several States, and the control of the forces to execute and maintain the laws of the Commonwealth; (vii) Lighthouses, lightships, beacons and buoys; (viii) Astronomical and meteorological observations; (ix) Quarantine; (x) Fisheries in Australian waters beyond territorial limits; (xi) Census and statistics; (xii) Currency, coinage, and legal tender; (xiii) Banking, other than State banking; also State banking extending beyond the limits of the State concerned, the incorporation of banks, and the issue of paper money; (xiv) Insurance, other than State insurance; also State insurance extending beyond the limits of the State concerned; (xv) Weights and measures; (xvi) Bills of exchange and promissory notes; (xvii) Bankruptcy and insolvency; (xviii) Copyrights, patents of inventions and designs, and trade marks; (xiv) Naturalization and aliens; (xx) Foreign corporations, and trading or financial corporations formed within the limits of the Commonwealth; (xxi) Marriage; (xxii) Divorce and matrimonial causes; and in relation thereto, parental rights, and the custody and guardianship of infants; (xviii) Invalid and old age pensions; (xxiiiA) The provision of maternity allowances, widows' pensions, child endowment, unemployment, pharmaceutical, sickness and hospital benefits, medical and dental services (but not so as to authorize any form of civil conscription), benefits to students and family allowances; (xxiv) The service and execution throughout the Commonwealth of the civil and criminal process and the judgments of the courts of the States; (xxv) The recognition throughout the Commonwealth of the laws, the public Acts and records, and the judicial proceedings of the States; (xxvi) The people of any race for whom it is deemed necessary to make special laws; (xxvii) Immigration and emigration; (xxviii) The influx of criminals; (xxix) External affairs; (xxx) The relations of the Commonwealth with the islands of the Pacific; (xxxi) The acquisition of property on just terms from any State or person for any purpose in respect of which the Parliament has power to make laws; (xxxii) The control of railways with respect to transport for the naval and military purposes of the Commonwealth; (xxxiii) The acquisition, with the consent of a State, of any railways of the State on terms arranged between the Commonwealth and the State; (xxxiv) Railway construction and extension in any State with the consent of that State; (xxxv) Conciliation and arbitration for the prevention and settlement of industrial disputes extending beyond the limits of any one State; (xxxvi) Matters in respect of which this Constitution makes provision until the Parliament otherwise provides; (xxxvii) Matters referred to the Parliament of the Commonwealth by the Parliament or Parliaments of any State or States, but so that the law shall extend only to States by whose Parliaments the matter is referred, or which afterwards adopt the law; (xxxviii) The exercise within the Commonwealth, at the request or with the concurrence of the Parliaments of all the States directly concerned, of any power which can at the establishment of this Constitution be exercised only by the Parliament of the United Kingdom or by the Federal Council of Australasia; (xxxix) Matters incidental to the execution of any power vested by this Constitution in the Parliament or in either House thereof, or in the Government of the Commonwealth, or in the Federal judicature, or in any department or officer of the Commonwealth. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 82 | (8) If, at or before the commencement of the Constitution Alteration (Senate Casual Vacancies) 1977, a law to alter the Constitution entitled "Constitution Alteration (Simultaneous Elections) 1977" came into operation, a senator holding office at the commencement of that law who was chosen by the House or Houses of Parliament of a State in consequence of a vacancy that had at any time occurred in the place of a Senator chosen by the people of the State shall be deemed to have been chosen to hold office (a) if the senator elected by the people of the State had a term of service expiring on the thirtieth day of June, One thousand nine hundred and seventy eight until the expiration or dissolution of the first House of Representatives to expire or be dissolved after that law came into operation; or (b) if the senator elected by the people of the State had a term of service expiring on the thirtieth day of June, One thousand nine hundred and eighty one until the expiration or dissolution of the second House of Representatives to expire or be dissolved after that law came into operation or, if there is an earlier dissolution of the Senate, until that dissolution. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 83 | (6) A senator holding office at the commencement of the Constitution Alteration (Senate Casual Vacancies) 1977, being a senator appointed by the Governor of a State in consequence of a vacancy that had at any time occurred in the place of a senator chosen by the people of the State, shall be deemed to have been appointed to hold the place until the expiration of fourteen days after the beginning of the next session of the Parliament of the State that commenced or commences after he was appointed and further action under this section shall be taken as if the vacancy in the place of the senator chosen by the people of the State had occurred after that commencement. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 84 | (5) If the place of a senator chosen by the people of a State at the election of senators last held before the commencement of the Constitution Alteration (Senate Casual] Vacancies) 1977 became vacant before that commencement and, at the commencement, no person chosen by the House or Houses of Parliament of the State, or appointed by the Governor of the State, in consequence of that vacancy or in consequence of that vacancy and a subsequent vacancy or vacancies, held office, this section applies as if the place of the senator chosen by the people of the State had become vacant after that commencement. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 85 | Section 13 [Term] (1) As soon as may be after the Senate first meets, and after each first meeting of the Senate following a dissolution thereof, the Senate shall divide the senators chosen for each State into two classes, as nearly equal in number as practicable; and the places of the senators of the first class shall become vacant at the expiration of three yearst and the places of those of the second class at the expiration of six yearst, from the beginning of their term of service; and afterwards the places of senators shall become vacant at the expiration of six years from the beginning of their term of service. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 86 | Section 34 [Special Qualifications of Representatives] Until the Parliament otherwise provides, the qualifications of a member of the House of Representatives shall be as follows: (i) He must be of the full age of 21 years, and must be an elector entitled to vote at the election of members of the House of Representatives, or a person qualified to become such elector, and must have been for three years at the least a resident within the limits of the Commonwealth as existing at the time when he is chosen: (ii) He must be a subject of the Queen, either natural born or for at least five years naturalized under a law of the United Kingdom, or of a Colony which has become or becomes a State, or of the Commonwealth, or of a State. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 87 | Section 85 [Transfer of Property] When any department of the public service of a State is transferred to the Commonwealth (i) All property of the State of any kind, used exclusively in connection with the department, shall become vested in the Commonwealth; but, in the case of the departments controlling customs and excise and bounties, for such time only as the Governor General in Council may declare to be necessary: (ii) The Commonwealth may acquire any property of the State, of any kind used, but not exclusively used in connection with the department; the value thereof shall, if no agreement can be made, be ascertained in, as nearly as may be, the manner in which the value of land, or of an interest in land, taken by the State for public purposes is ascertained under the law of the State in force at the establishment of the Commonwealth: (iii) The Commonwealth shall compensate the State for the value of any property passing to the Commonwealth under this section; if no agreement can be made as to the mode of compensation, it shall be determined under laws to be made by the Parliament: (iv) The Commonwealth shall, at the date of the transfer, assume the current obligations of the State in respect of the department transferred. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 88 | (7) Subject to the next succeeding paragraph, a senator holding office at the commencement of the Constitution Alteration (Senate Casual Vacancies) 1977 who was chosen by the House or Houses of Parliament of a State in consequence of vacancy that had at any time occurred in the place of a senator chosen by the people of the State shall he deemed to have been chosen to hold office until the expiration of the term of service of the senator elected by the people of the State. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 89 | (2) Where a vacancy has at any time occurred in the place of a senator chosen by the people of a State and at the time when he was so chosen, he was publicly recognized by a particular political party as being an endorsed candidate of that party and publicly represented himself to be such a candidate, a person chosen or appointed under this section in consequence of that vacancy, or in consequence of that vacancy and a subsequent vacancy or vacancies, shall, unless there is no member of that party available to be chosen or appointed, be a member of that party. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 90 | Section 25 [Disqualification by Race] For the purposes of the last section, if by the law of any State all persons of any race are disqualified from voting at elections for the more numerous House of the Parliament of the State, then, in reckoning the number of the people of the State or of the Commonwealth, persons of that race resident in that State shall not be counted. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 91 | (3) The appointment of a Justice of a court created by the Parliament shall be for a term expiring upon his attaining the age that is, at the time of his appointment, the maximum age for Justices of that court and a person shall not be appointed as a Justice of such court if he has attained the age that is for the time being the maximum age for Justices of that Court. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 92 | (3) The members present at the joint sitting may deliberate and shall vote together upon the proposed law as last proposed by the House of Representatives, and upon amendments, if any, which have been made therein by one House and not agreed to by the other, and any such amendments which are affirmed by an absolute majority of the total number of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives shall be taken to have been carried, and if the proposed law, with the amendments, if any, so carried is affirmed by an absolute majority of the total number of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives, it shall be taken to have been duly passed by both Houses of the Parliament, and shall be presented to the Governor General for the Queen's assent. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 93 | Such pension or retiring allowance shall be paid to him by the Commonwealth; but the State shall pay to the Commonwealth a part thereof, to be calculated on the proportion which his term of service with the State bears to his whole term of service, and for the purpose of the calculation his salary shall be taken to be that paid to him by the State at the time of the transfer. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 94 | Chapter V The States Section 106 [Continuity of State Government] The Constitution of each State of the Commonwealth shall, subject to this Constitution, continue as at the establishment of the Commonwealth, or as at the admission or establishment of the State, as the case may be, until altered in accordance with the Constitution of the State. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 95 | Section 73 [Jurisdiction of the High Court] (1) The High Court shall have jurisdiction, with such exceptions and subject to such regulations as the Parliament prescribes, to hear and determine appeals from all judgments, decrees, orders, and sentences (i) Of any Justice or Justices exercising the original jurisdiction of the High Court: (ii) Of any other federal court, or court exercising federal jurisdiction; or of the Supreme Court of any State, or of any other court of any State from which at the establishment of the Commonwealth an appeal lies to the Queen in Council: (iii) Of the Inter State Commission, but as to questions of law only: and the judgment of the High Court in all such cases shall be final and conclusive. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 96 | Section 107 [Continuity of Colony Government] Every power of the Parliament of a Colony which has become or becomes a State, shall, unless it is by this Constitution exclusively vested in the Parliament of the Commonwealth or withdrawn from the Parliament of the State, continue as at the establishment of the Commonwealth, or as at the admission or establishment of the State, as the case may be. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 97 | Section 22 [Constitutive Presence of Senators] Until the Parliament otherwise provides, the presence of at least one third of the whole number of the senators shall be necessary to constitute a meeting of the Senate for the exercise of its powers. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 98 | (4) The Senate may at any stage return to the House of Representatives any proposed law which the Senate may not amend, requesting, by message, the omission or amendment of any items or provisions therein. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 99 | (2) But no exception or regulation prescribed by the Parliament shall prevent the High Court from hearing and determining any appeal from the Supreme Court of a State in any matter in which at the establishment of the Commonwealth an appeal lies from such Supreme Court to the Queen in Council. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 100 | (3) Any such officer who is retained in the service of the Commonwealth shall preserve all his existing and accruing rights, and shall be entitled to retire from office at the time, and on the pension or retiring allowance, which would be permitted by the law of the State if his service with the Commonwealth were a continuation of his service with the State. Section 3 [Governmental Remuneration] There shall be payable to the Queen out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund of the Commonwealth, for the salary of the Governor General, an annual sum which, until the Parliament otherwise provides, shall be ten thousand pounds. | Australia Constitution |
| 101 | (3) European Community Legislation: States are obliged to eliminate discrimination in state social security schemes providing protection against sickness, unemployment, invalidity, old age, accidents at work or occupational diseases. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 102 | (3) British citizenship is acquired automatically at birth by a child born in Britain if the father (in cases of legitimate birth) or mother is a British citizen or is settled in Britain. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 103 | NHS patients are sometimes treated at public expense in private hospitals. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 104 | To qualify, a woman must have worked for the same employer for at least two years; where a woman has been employed for between six months and two years, she is entitled to payments for the full 18 weeks at the flat rate only. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 105 | Other opportunities include 'unstarred' questions, which can be debated at the end of the day's business, and debates on proposed legislation. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 106 | (2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 107 | (3) Consultation: Solicitors are available on a 2 hour basis to offer free legal advice for people being questioned at police stations. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 108 | With a few exceptions, secure public sector tenants have the right to buy their house or flat at a discount if they have been public sector tenants for at least two years. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 109 | (2) A draft law is given a first reading in the House of Commons without debate; this is followed by a thorough debate on general principles at second reading. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 110 | Section 36 Committees (1) Standing committees debate and consider amendments to public Bills at the committee stage and, in certain cases, discuss them at the second reading stage. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 111 | Section 37 House of Lords There are opportunities for criticism and examination of government policy in the House of Lords at daily question time and during debates on general motions. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 112 | Solicitors give legal advice and assistance to suspects at police stations. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 113 | Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 114 | Reviews must be made of a person's detention at regular intervals to check whether the criteria for detention are still satisfied. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 115 | (5) Tape recording of interviews with suspected offenders at police stations are universal practice. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 116 | Overtime is paid at higher rates. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 117 | Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 118 | Each elector may cast one vote, normally in person at a polling station. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 119 | It is limited to parties which had at least two members elected at the previous general election or one member elected and a minimum of 150,000 votes cast. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 120 | (5) Life Sentence Prisoners: People serving life sentences for the murder of police and prison officers, terrorist murders, murder by firearms in the course of crime or the sexual or sadistic murder of children are normally detained for at least 20 years. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 121 | The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the Second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 122 | • Amendment I [1791 - Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, Petition] • Amendment II [1791 - Right to Bear Arms] • Amendment III [1791 - Quartering of Troops] • Amendment IV [1791 - Search and Seizure] • Amendment V [1791 - Grand Jury, Double Jeopardy, Self-Incrimination, Due Process] • Amendment VI [1791 - Criminal Prosecution] • Amendment VII [1791 - Common Law Suits] • Amendment VIII [1791 - Excess Bail or Fines, Cruel and Unusual Punishment] • Amendment IX [1791 - Non-Enumerative Rights] • Amendment X [1791 - Rights Reserved to States] • Amendment XI [1798 - Suits Against a State] • Amendment XI [1798 - Suits Against a State] • Amendment XII [1804 - Presidential Elections] • Amendment XIII [1865 - Abolition of Slavery] • Section 1 [Abolition Clause] • Section 2 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XIV [1868 - Privileges and Immunities, Due Process, Equal Protection] • Section 1 [Privileges and Immunities, Due Process, Equal Protection] • Section 2 [Apportionment of Representatives] • Section 3 [Civil War Disqualification] • Section 4 [Public Debt] • Section 5 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XV [1870 - Electoral Race Equality] • Section 1 [Right to Vote] • Section 2 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XVI [1913 - Income Tax] • Amendment XVI [1913 - Income Tax] • Amendment XVII [1913 - Election of Senators] • Amendment XVIII [1919 - Prohibition] • Section 1 [Prohibition] • Section 2 [Congressional and State Power] • Section 3 [Amendment Procedure] • Amendment XIX [1920 - Electoral Gender Equality] • Amendment XIX [1920 - Electoral Gender Equality] • Amendment XX [1933 - Presidential Office and Congress] • Section 1 [Terms] • Section 2 [Congressional Sessions] • Section 3 [Presidential Succession] • Section 4 [Congressional Succession] • Section 5 [Enforcement] • Section 6 [Amendment Procedure] • Amendment XXI [1933 - Repeal of Prohibition] • Section 1 [Repeal] • Section 2 [State Prohibition] • Section 3 [Amendment Procedure] • Amendment XXII [1951 - Presidential Two Term Limit] • Section 1 [Term Limit] • Section 2 [Amendment Procedure] • Amendment XXIII [1961 - Presidential Vote in D.C.] • Section 1 [Vote] • Section 2 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XXIV [1964 - Poll Tax] • Section 1 [Tax] • Section 2 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XXV [1967 - Presidential Succession] • Section 1 [Vice President] • Section 2 [Vice President Replacement] • Section 3 [Vice President as Acting President] • Section 4 [Vice President as Acting President] • Amendment XXVI [1971 - Maturity Age for Elections] • Section 1 [Vote at 18] • Section 2 [Congressional Power] • Amendment XXVII [1992 - Compensation of Members of Congress] • Amendment XXVII [1992 - Compensation of Members of Congress] Amendment I [1791 - Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, Petition] Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion , or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech , or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 123 | Amendment XII [1804 - Presidential Elections] The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice- President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; - The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted; - The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 124 | But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 125 | Section 4 [Elections of Senators and Representatives] (1) The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 126 | The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 127 | (5) No person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 128 | (2) Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to the House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 129 | (7) The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 130 | Amendment XX [1933 - Presidential Office and Congress] Section 1 [Terms] The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 131 | Amendment XXVI [1971 - Maturity Age for Elections] Section 1 [Vote at 18] The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 132 | They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other Place. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 133 | (3) The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 134 | (3) The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 135 | The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 136 | (3) The trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 137 | Amendment VII [1791 - Common Law Suits] In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by jury, shall be otherwise re- examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 138 | Section 2 [Congressional Sessions] The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 139 | (2) The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 140 | (3) Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 141 | The Speaker of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall: 1) convoke sittings of the Legislative Chamber, preside at them; 2) exercise the general direction over a preliminary review of matters to be submitted for consideration by the Legislative Chamber; 3) coordinate the work of the committees and commissions of the Legislative Chamber; 4) organize the control over the implementation of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan and resolutions of the Legislative Chamber; 5) direct the work on antiparliamentary relations and the activity of the groups of the Legislative Chamber connected with the work of international parliamentary organizations; 6) represent the Legislative Chamber in interrelation with the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, other state bodies, foreign states, international and other organizations; 7) sign resolutions of the Legislative Chamber; 8) exercise other powers provided for by this Constitution and legislative acts. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 142 | The Chairperson of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall: 1) convoke sittings of the Senate, preside at them; 2) exercise the general direction over a preliminary review of matters to be submitted for consideration by the Senate; 3) coordinate the work of the committees and commissions of the Senate; 4) organize the control over the implementation of laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan and resolutions of the Senate; 5) direct the work on interparliamentary relations and the activity of the groups of the Senate connected with the work of international parliamentary organizations; 6) represent the Senate in interrelation with the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, other state bodies, foreign states, international and other organizations; 7) sign resolutions of the Senate; 8) exercise other powers provided for by this Constitution and legislative acts. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 143 | Conditions and the procedure for introducing the state of emergency shall be set by law; 20) serve as the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan, appoint and relieve the supreme command of the Armed Forces of the post and confer the highest military ranks; 21) award orders, medals and certificates of honour of the Republic of Uzbekistan, confer qualification and honorary titles of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 22) rule on matters of citizenship of the Republic of Uzbekistan and granting political asylum; 23) put to the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan submission on adoption of acts of amnesty and effectuate pardoning of persons condemned by courts of the Republic of Uzbekistan; 24) form and head the Security Council at the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, forms the Presidential Administration, as well as consultative, advisory and other bodies at the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan in order to ensure the implementation of its competence; 25) exercise other powers stipulated by the present Constitution and laws. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 144 | The Republic of Uzbekistan shall pursue a peaceful foreign policy aimed at the comprehensive development of bilateral and multilateral relations with states and international organizations. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 145 | Citizens shall have the right to receive higher education in state educational organizations on a competitive basis at the expense of the state. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 146 | Citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the right to vote, in the amount of at least one hundred thousand people, the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Authorized Person of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Human Rights (Ombudsman), the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall have the right, in the manner of a legislative initiative, to submit to the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis Republic of Uzbekistan legislative proposals. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 147 | Members of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be elected in equal quantity — in four persons — from the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regions and the city of Tashkent by secret ballot at relevant joint sessions of deputies of Zhokarghy Kenes of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, representative bodies of state authority of regions, districts, cities and towns from among these deputies. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 148 | The Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall: 1) organize and direct the activity of the Cabinet of Ministers being responsible for efficiency of its work; 2) preside at sittings of the Cabinet of Ministers, sign its decisions; 3) represent the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan in international relations; 4) exercise other functions stipulated by laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 149 | Members of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be elected by secret ballot at relevant joint sittings of deputies of Jokarghy Kenes of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the representative bodies of state authority in regions, districts, cities and towns from among these deputies within a month after their election. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 150 | In cases stipulated by law, legal assistance shall be provided at the expense of the state. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 151 | A citizen of the Republic of Uzbekistan not younger than thirty five years, being in full command of the state language and permanently residing on the territory of Uzbekistan for at least 10 years, immediately preceding the elections, may be elected the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 152 | The powers of khokims of regions, districts, cities shall include: 1) execution of the Constitution and the laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan and decisions of the chambers of the Oliy Majlis, decrees, resolutions and orders of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, decisions of the Cabinet of Ministers, higher khokims and relevant Kengashes of people’s deputies; 2) implementation of measures aimed at ensuring the economic, social, cultural and environmental development of the territories; 3) formation and execution of the local budget; 4) exercise of other powers provided for by this Constitution and laws. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 153 | Citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall have the right to receive a guaranteed, extensive medical assistance in the manner prescribed by law at the expense of the state. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 154 | The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be regarded as having assumed office upon taking an oath of the following content at sitting of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan: “I do solemnly swear to faithfully serve the people of Uzbekistan, to strictly follow the Constitution and laws of the Republic, to guarantee the rights and freedoms of its citizens, and to conscientiously perform the duties vested on the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan.” Article 109. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 155 | The nominee of the Prime Minister, while considered at the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan, shall present a program of the Cabinet of Ministers for short and long-term perspectives. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 156 | Chairperson of the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be elected from among its members upon the nomination of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan at the meeting of the commission. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 157 | A suspect, accused or convicted person shall not be obliged to prove his or her innocence and may exercise the right to remain silent at any time. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 158 | Each person shall have the right to legal counsel of his or her choice at any stage of the criminal proceedings, and where the person concerned is detained, as soon as his or her right to freedom of movement is restricted. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 159 | An owner, at his/her discretion, shall possess, use and dispose of his/her property. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 160 | A person holding the position of khokim of a region, district or city may not hold the position of Chairperson of the Kengash of people’s deputies at the same time. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
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