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| 1 | While the federal franchise was extended to women by the Commonwealth Franchise Act1902 (Cth), s 4 of that act denied voting rights to the “aboriginal native[s] of Australia.” It was not until 1962 that the Commonwealth Electoral act 1918 (Cth) was amended to extend adult suffrage to Aboriginal people. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 2 | For example, under traditional legislation, a single act of bribery, attributed to a candidate, will unseat that candidate. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 3 | Section 245(1) of the Commonwealth Electoral act currently states: “It shall be the duty of every elector to vote at each election.” The section goes on to establish a penalty of A$20 (,US$12) (or A$50, ,US$30) if the matter is dealt with by a court) for electors who fail to vote and who cannot provide a valid and sufficient reason. This makes 2003 a good time to reflect and take stock of Australian electoral law. | Australian Electoral Law |
| 4 | (3) In section 173 (incapacities on conviction for corrupt or illegal practice)— (a) after subsection (2) insert— “(2A) A person convicted of a corrupt practice under paragraph 3 of Schedule 9 to the Electoral Law act (Northern Ireland) 1962 (undue influence)— (a) is, during the relevant period specified in subsection (3), incapable of being elected to the House of Commons, and Schedule 5—Undue influence: further provision (b) if already elected to a seat in the House of Commons, must vacate the seat subject to and in accordance with subsections (4) and (5).”; (b) in subsection (3), for “subsection (1)(a)” substitute “subsections (1)(a) and (2A)(a)”; (c) in subsection (4), after “subsection (1)(b)” insert “or (2A)(b)”; (d) after subsection (7) insert— “(7A) If a person convicted of a corrupt practice under paragraph 3 of Schedule 9 to the Electoral Law act (Northern Ireland) 1962 (undue influence) has already been elected to a seat in the House of Commons, the person is (in addition to being subject to the incapacities mentioned in subsection (2A)(a) above and section 112(1)(a)(ii) of that Act) suspended from performing any of the functions of a Member of Parliament during the period of suspension specified in subsection (8).”; (e) in subsection (8), for “subsection (7)” substitute “subsections (7) and (7A)”; (f) after subsection (9) insert— “(9A) Any incapacity or other requirement applying to a person by virtue of subsection (2A) or (7A) applies in addition to any punishment imposed under section 108 of the Electoral Law act (Northern Ireland) 1962; but each of those subsections has effect subject to section 113(2) to (6) of that Act.” Greater London Authority act 1999 5 In section 21 of the Greater London Authority act 1999 (disqualification from being the Mayor or an Assembly member)— (a) omit the “or” after paragraph (d); (b) after paragraph (e) insert “; or (f) the person is incapable of being elected to or holding— (i) the office of member of the Northern Ireland Assembly having been reported personally guilty or convicted of a corrupt practice under section 114A of the Representation of the People act 1983 (as applied by Schedule 1 to the Northern Ireland Assembly (Elections) Order 2001 (S.I. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 5 | (6) In this section— “accredited campaigner” has the same meaning as in the Recall of MPs Act 2015 (see Part 5 of Schedule 3 to that Act); “local referendum” means a referendum under or by virtue of— (a) Chapter 4 of Part 1A of the Local Government act 2000 (local authority governance: England); (b) Part 2 of the Local Government act 2000 (local authority governance: Wales); (c) section 52ZG or 52ZN of the Local Government Finance act 1992 (referendums in relation to council tax); (d) Schedule 4B or 4C to the Town and Country Planning act 1990 (referendums on neighbourhood development plans); “local referendum campaign” means a campaign conducted with a view to promoting or procuring a particular outcome in relation to the question to be asked in a local referendum; “permitted participant” has the same meaning as in PPERA (see section 105 of that Act); “recall petition” has the same meaning as in the Recall of MPs act 2015 (see section 1 of that Act); “recognised third party” has the meaning given in section 85(5) of PPERA; “registered party” has the same meaning as in PPERA (see section 160 of that Act); “relevant election” means an election for a relevant elective office or a relevant Scottish elective office; “relevant referendum” means— (a) a referendum to which Part 7 of PPERA applies, or (b) a local referendum. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 6 | Local Government act 1972 3 In section 79 of the Local Government act 1972 (qualifications for election and holding office as member of local authority), as it extends to England and Wales and applies in relation to England— (a) in subsection (1), for “a relevant citizen of the Union” substitute “, in the case of a local authority in England, a qualifying EU citizen or an EU citizen with retained rights”; (b) for subsection (2A) substitute— “(2A) In this section “qualifying EU citizen” and “EU citizen with retained rights” have the same meaning as in the Representation of the People act 1983 (see sections 203A and 203B of that Act).” Greater London Authority act 1999 4 In section 20 of the Greater London Authority act 1999 (qualification to be the Mayor or an Assembly member)— (a) in subsection (2)(c), for “relevant citizen of the Union” substitute “qualifying EU citizen or an EU citizen with retained rights”; Part 2—Amendments in relation to certain local elections in England and Wales (b) in subsection (8)— (i) omit the definitions of “citizen of the Union” and “relevant citizen of the Union”; (ii) in subsection (8), at the appropriate place insert— ““qualifying EU citizen” and “EU citizen with retained rights” have the same meaning as in the Representation of the People act 1983 (see sections 203A and 203B of that Act);”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 7 | Local Government act (Northern Ireland) 1972 3 In section 4 of the Local Government act (Northern Ireland) 1972 (disqualifications), in subsection (1), after paragraph (e) insert— “(ea) the person is incapable of being elected to or holding— (i) the office of member of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, having been reported personally guilty or convicted of a corrupt Schedule 5—Undue influence: further provision practice under section 114A of the Representation of the People act 1983, article 69 of the Police and Crime Commissioner Elections Order 2012 or regulation 136 of the Recall of MPs act 2015 (Recall Petition) Regulations 2016 (undue influence); (ii) the office of member of the Northern Ireland Assembly having been reported personally guilty or convicted of a corrupt practice under section 114A of the Representation of the People act 1983 (as applied by Schedule 1 to the Northern Ireland Assembly (Elections) Order 2001) (undue influence); or”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 8 | Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction act 2009 5 In Schedule 5B to the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction act 2009 (mayors for combined authority areas), in paragraph 8(3), for the definition of “qualifying citizen” substitute— ““qualifying citizen” means a person who is— (a) a qualifying Commonwealth citizen (within the meaning given by section 79 of the Local Government act 1972), (b) a citizen of the Republic of Ireland, (c) a qualifying EU citizen (within the meaning given by section 203A of the Representation of the People act 1983), or (d) an EU citizen with retained rights (within the meaning given by section 203B of that Act).” Police Reform and Social Responsibility act 2011 6 (1) The Police Reform and Social Responsibility act 2011 is amended as follows. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 9 | Schedule 11—Illegal practices (2) In section 379(1) (other behaviour orders etc), after the entry for the Psychoactive Substances act 2016 insert— “Elections act 2022 section 30 disqualification Schedule 9 offence within the order meaning of section 30 of that Act.” SCHEDULE 11 Section 48 ILLEGAL PRACTICES Candidates etc at parliamentary, Northern Ireland Assembly and local elections 1 (1) This paragraph applies if— (a) apart from this paragraph, a candidate at an election, or an election agent of such a candidate, would be guilty of an offence under section 48(1), (b) the election is— (i) a parliamentary election, (ii) an election to the Northern Ireland Assembly, (iii) a local government election within the meaning of section 191 or 203 of RPA 1983, (iv) an election under Part 1A or 2 of the Local Government act 2000 for the return of an elected mayor, or (v) an election for the return of a mayor for the area of a combined authority, and (c) the offence under section 48(1) would relate to the publication of electronic material which can reasonably be regarded as intended to achieve a purpose within— (i) section 43(4) as it applies to candidates at the election, or (ii) section 45(5) as it applies to candidates at the election. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 10 | (8) For the purposes of subsection (6)— (a) the Commission’s “devolved Scottish functions” are the Commission’s functions in relation to— (i) Scottish Parliamentary general elections, elections held under section 9 of the Scotland act 1998 (constituency vacancies), and local government elections in Scotland, so far as those functions do not relate to reserved matters within the meaning of the Scotland act 1998, and (ii) referendums held throughout Scotland in pursuance of provision made by or under an act of the Scottish Parliament; (b) the Commission’s “devolved Welsh functions” are the Commission’s functions in relation to— (i) general elections of members of Senedd Cymru, (ii) elections held under section 10 of the Government of Wales act 2006 (elections for Senedd constituency vacancies), (iii) local government elections in Wales, and (iv) referendums held under Part 2 of the Local Government act 2000 or Part 4 of the Local Government (Wales) Measure 2011 (referendums relating to local authority executive arrangements), so far as those functions do not relate to reserved matters within the meaning of the Government of Wales act 2006. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 11 | 2001/2599)) (undue influence); (ii) the office of member of a district council in Northern Ireland having been reported personally guilty or convicted of a corrupt practice under paragraph 3 of Schedule 9 to Schedule 5—Undue influence: further provision the Electoral Law act (Northern Ireland) 1962 (undue influence).” Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction act 2009 6 In Schedule 5B to the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction act 2009 (mayors for combined authority areas: further provision about elections), in paragraph 9(1), after paragraph (d) insert— “(e) is incapable of being elected to or holding— (i) the office of member of the Northern Ireland Assembly having been reported personally guilty or convicted of a corrupt practice under section 114A of the Representation of the People act 1983 (as applied by Schedule 1 to the Northern Ireland Assembly (Elections) Order 2001 (S.I. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 12 | 2001/2599)) (undue influence); (ii) the office of member of a district council in Northern Ireland having been reported personally guilty or convicted of a corrupt practice under paragraph 3 of Schedule 9 to the Electoral Law act (Northern Ireland) 1962 (undue influence).” Police Reform and Social Responsibility act 2011 7 In section 66 of the Police Reform and Social Responsibility act 2011 (disqualification from election or holding office as police and crime commissioner), in subsection (3)— (a) omit the “or” at the end of paragraph (c); (b) after paragraph (d) insert “; or (e) the person is incapable of being elected to or holding the office of— (i) member of the Northern Ireland Assembly having been reported personally guilty or convicted of a corrupt practice under section 114A of the Representation of the People act 1983 (as applied by Schedule 1 to the Northern Ireland Assembly (Elections) Order 2001 (S.I. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 13 | (10) In this section— “the 1971 Act” means the Immigration act 1971; “the Islands” means the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man; “the relevant date” means 30 June 2021; “immigration rules” has the same meaning as in the 1971 Act; “residence scheme immigration rules” means— (a) residence scheme immigration rules within the meaning of Part 3 of the European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) act 2020 (see section 17(1) of that Act), (b) Appendix EU to the Guernsey immigration rules, (c) Appendix EU to the Isle of Man immigration rules, or (d) Appendix EU(J) to the Jersey immigration rules; “UK or Islands leave” means leave under the 1971 act to enter or remain in the United Kingdom or any of the Islands. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 14 | Local Government act (Northern Ireland) 1972 8 In section 3 of the Local Government act (Northern Ireland) 1972 (qualifications)— (a) in subsection (1), for “or a relevant citizen of the Union” substitute “or a qualifying EU citizen or an EU citizen with retained rights”; (b) in subsection (2)— (i) omit from ““citizen of the Union” shall” to “Ireland; and”; (ii) after “election” insert “; and “qualifying EU citizen” and “EU citizen with retained rights” have the same meaning as in the Representation of the People act 1983 (see sections 203A and 203B of that Act).” Elected Authorities (Northern Ireland) act 1989 9 (1) The Elected Authorities (Northern Ireland) act 1989 is amended as follows. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 15 | (9) In this section “relevant election” means— (a) a parliamentary election, (b) an election to the Scottish Parliament, (c) an election to Senedd Cymru, (d) an election to the Northern Ireland Assembly, (e) a local government election within the meaning of section 191, 203 or 204 of the Representation of the People act 1983, (f) an election under Part 1A or 2 of the Local Government act 2000 for the return of an elected mayor, (g) an election for the return of a mayor for the area of a combined authority established under section 103 of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction act 2009, (h) a local election within the meaning of the Electoral Law act (Northern Ireland) 1962 (see section 130(1) of that Act), or (i) an election of a police and crime commissioner. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 16 | 35 After section 7(4) of the Elections (Northern Ireland) act 1985 insert— “(5) See also paragraph 34 of Schedule 1 to the Elections act 2022 (which relates to section 2 of this Act).” 36 Section 5(2) of the Electoral Fraud (Northern Ireland) act 2002, and section 5(1) of that act so far as relating to that provision, extend to England and Wales and to Scotland (as well as to Northern Ireland). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 17 | (2) Provision made under sub-paragraph (1) may include provision conferring functions on the Electoral Commission.” (3) In paragraph 4, after sub-paragraph (2) insert— “(3) Provision as to the manner in which renewal declarations (within the meaning given by section 1D(2) of the Representation of the People act 1985) are to be transmitted to the registration officer.” Part 1—Minor and consequential amendments (4) In paragraph 5, after sub-paragraph (1A) insert— “(1AA) The provision that may be made under sub-paragraph (1A) includes provision authorising a registration officer, despite provision contained in regulations made by virtue of that sub-paragraph— (a) to require such other kind of evidence as the officer considers appropriate, or (b) to deem such other kind of evidence as the officer considers appropriate to be sufficient or conclusive evidence.” Representation of the People act 1985 5 In section 12 of the Representation of the People act 1985 (offences as to declarations)— (a) in subsection (1), for “an overseas elector’s declaration”, in both places, substitute “a relevant declaration”; (b) after subsection (1) insert— “(1A) In subsection (1) “relevant declaration” means— (a) an overseas elector’s declaration; (b) a renewal declaration (within the meaning given by section 1D(2)).” Finance act 1996 6 In section 200 of the Finance act 1996 (domicile for tax purposes of overseas electors), in subsection (3)(a), for “section 1(1)(a)” substitute “section 1(2)(a)”. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 18 | Part 2—Transitional provision Police Reform and Social Responsibility act 2011 9 In section 102(1) of the Police Reform and Social Responsibility act 2011 (interpretation of Part 1), for the definition of “overseas elector’s declaration” substitute— ““overseas elector’s declaration” means a declaration made under and in accordance with section 1C of the Representation of the People act 1985.” House of Lords Reform act 2014 10 In section 4 of the House of Lords Reform act 2014 (effect of ceasing to be a member of the House of Lords), omit subsection (6). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 19 | (3) In section 10 (declaration of vacancy in office)— (a) the existing text becomes subsection (1); (b) in paragraph (a) of that subsection, after “illegal practices” insert “, or of an order under section 30 of the Elections act 2022”; (c) after that subsection insert— “(2) Where a councillor becomes disqualified for being a councillor by reason of both— (a) an order under section 30 of the Elections act 2022 (disqualification of offenders for holding elective office etc), and (b) section 4(1)(cc) (disqualification by reason of imprisonment etc for an offence), section 31 of the Elections act 2022 (vacation of office) applies in relation to the vacation of the office (and accordingly subsection (1) does not apply).” Representation of the People act 1983 4 (1) Schedule 1 to RPA 1983 (parliamentary election rules) is amended as follows. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 20 | Schedule 11—Illegal practices (3) The Electoral Law act (Northern Ireland) 1962 applies in relation to the candidate or election agent and the illegal practice as it applies in relation to a candidate or election agent and an illegal practice by virtue of paragraph 14 of Schedule 9 to that act (electoral misdemeanours). 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 21 | 39 After section 27(3) of the Northern Ireland (Miscellaneous Provisions) act 2014 insert— “(4) See also paragraph 38 of Schedule 1 to the Elections act 2022 (which relates to section 17 of this Act: electoral identity cards).” Consequential repeals 40 Section 2(2) of the Elections (Northern Ireland) act 1985 is repealed. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 22 | 11 In paragraph 13, after sub-paragraph (1) insert— “(1ZZA) References in sub-paragraph (1)(b) to a registration officer’s registration duties include references to— (a) in the case of a registration officer in Great Britain, the officer’s functions— (i) under sections 13BD and 13BE, and (ii) in relation to applications under paragraph 3, 4 or 6 of Schedule 4 to the Representation of the People act 2000, other than applications in relation to a local government election, or local government elections, in Scotland or Wales; (b) in the case of the Chief Electoral Officer for Northern Ireland, the Chief Electoral Officer’s functions— (i) under section 13C, and (ii) in relation to applications under section 6, 7 or 8 of the Representation of the People act 1985.” Power to remove signature requirements 12 (1) The Secretary of State may by regulations— (a) amend Schedule 4 to the Representation of the People act 2000 (absent voting in Great Britain) by removing any requirement for an application under paragraph 3, 4 or 7 of that Schedule, other than an excluded application, to contain the applicant’s signature; (b) amend section 6 or 7 of the Representation of the People act 1985 (absent voting at parliamentary elections in Northern Ireland) by removing any requirement for an application under either of those sections to contain the applicant’s signature. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 23 | (2) Regulations under sub-paragraph (1) may in particular make provision— (a) amending or repealing section 10B of RPA 1983 or any other provision made by the Representation of the People Acts about unique reference numbers allocated under that section; (b) amending or repealing any provision made by the Elected Authorities (Northern Ireland) act 1989 about such unique reference numbers; (c) changing how unique reference numbers are referred to in any provision made by the Representation of the People Acts or the Elected Authorities (Northern Ireland) act 1989. 37) Voting system for elections for certain offices 13 Simple majority system to be used in elections for certain offices PART 2 OVERSEAS ELECTORS AND EU CITIZENS Overseas electors 14 Extension of franchise for parliamentary elections: British citizens overseas Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens 15 Voting and candidacy rights of EU citizens PART 3 THE ELECTORAL COMMISSION Strategy and policy statement 16 Strategy and policy statement 17 Examination of duty to have regard to strategy and policy statement Membership of the Speaker’s Committee 18 Membership of the Speaker’s Committee Criminal proceedings 19 Criminal proceedings PART 4 REGULATION OF EXPENDITURE Notional expenditure of candidates and others 20 Notional expenditure: use of property etc on behalf of candidates and others 21 Codes of practice on expenses 22 Authorised persons not required to pay expenses through election agent Registration of parties etc 23 Declaration of assets and liabilities to be provided on application for registration 24 Prohibition on entities being registered political parties and recognised third parties at same time 25 Section 24: transitional provision Elections Act 2022 (c. | Great Britain Electoral Law |
| 24 | or the National Credit Union Administration, other than any overdraft made with respect to a checking or savings account, made in accordance with applicable law and in the ordinary course of business, but such loan— (I) shall be considered a loan by each endorser or guarantor, in that proportion of the unpaid balance that each endorser or guarantor bears to the total number of endorsers or guarantors; (II) shall be made on a basis which assures repayment, evidenced by a written instrument, and subject to a due date or amortization schedule; and (III) shall bear the usual and customary interest rate of the lending institution; (viii) any legal or accounting services rendered to or on behalf of— (I) any political committee of a political party if the person paying for such services is the regular employer of the person rendering such services and if such services are not attributable to activities which directly further the election of any designated candidate to Federal office; or (II) an authorized committee of a candidate or any other political committee, if the person paying for such services is the regular employer of the individual rendering such services and if such services are solely for the purpose of ensuring compliance with this act or chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26, but amounts paid or incurred by the regular employer reported in accordance with section 30104(b) of this title by the committee receiving such services; (ix) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of campaign materials (such as pins, bumper stickers, handbills, brochures, posters, party tabloids, and yard signs) used by such committee in connection with volunteer activities on behalf of nominees of such party: Provided, That— (1) such payments are not for the cost of campaign materials or activities used in connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar type of general public communication or political advertising; (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or particular candidates; (x) the payment by a candidate, for nomination or election to any public office (including State or local office), or authorized committee of a candidate, of the costs of campaign materials which include information on or reference to any other candidate and which are used in connection with volunteer activities (including pins, bumper stickers, handbills, brochures, posters, and yard signs, but not including the use of broadcasting, newspapers, magazines, billboards, direct mail, or similar types of general public communication or political advertising): Provided, That such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; (xi) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of voter registration and get-out-thevote activities conducted by such committee on behalf of nominees of such party for President and Vice President: Provided, That— (1) such payments are not for the costs of campaign materials or activities used in connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar type of general public communication or political advertising; (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or candidates; (xii) payments made by a candidate or the authorized committee of a candidate as a condition of ballot access and payments received by any political party committee as a condition of ballot access; (xiii) any honorarium (within the meaning of section 441i of this title); and (xiv) any loan of money derived from an advance on a candidate’s brokerage account, credit card, home equity line of credit, or other line of credit available to the candidate, if such a loan is made in accordance with applicable law and under commercially reasonable terms and if the person making such loan makes loans derived from an advance on the candidate’s brokerage account, credit card, home equity line of credit, or other line of credit in the normal course of the person’s business. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 25 | (B) The term “expenditure” does not include— (i) any news story, commentary, or editorial distributed through the facilities of any broadcasting station, newspaper, magazine, or other periodical publication, unless such facilities are owned or controlled by any political party, political committee, or candidate; (ii) nonpartisan activity designed to encourage individuals to vote or to register to vote; (iii) any communication by any membership organization or corporation to its members, stockholders, or executive or administrative personnel, if such membership organization or corporation is not organized primarily for the purpose of influencing the nomination for election, or election, of any individual to Federal office, except that the costs incurred by a membership organization (including a labor organization) or by a corporation directly attributable to a communication expressly advocating the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate (other than a communication primarily devoted to subjects other than the express advocacy of the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate), shall, if such costs exceed $2,000 for any election, be reported to the Commission in accordance with section 30104(a)(4)(A)(i) of this title, and in accordance with section 30104(a)(4)(A)(ii) of this title with respect to any general election; (iv) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of preparation, display, or mailing or other distribution incurred by such committee with respect to a printed slate card or sample ballot, or other printed listing, of 3 or more candidates for any public office for which an election is held in the State in which such committee is organized, except that this clause shall not apply to costs incurred by such committee with respect to a display of any such listing made on broadcasting stations, or in newspapers, magazines, or similar types of general public political advertising; (v) any payment made or obligation incurred by a corporation or a labor organization which, under section 30118(b) of this title, would not constitute an expenditure by such corporation or labor organization; (vi) any costs incurred by an authorized committee or candidate in connection with the solicitation of contributions on behalf of such candidate, except that this clause shall not apply with respect to costs incurred by an authorized committee of a candidate in excess of an amount equal to 20 percent of the expenditure limitation applicable to such candidate under section 30116(b), but all such costs shall be reported in accordance with section 30104(b); (vii) the payment of compensation for legal or accounting services— (I) rendered to or on behalf of any political committee of a political party if the person paying for such services is the regular employer of the individual rendering such services, and if such services are not attributable to activities which directly further the election of any designated candidate to Federal office; or (II) rendered to or on behalf of a candidate or political committee if the person paying for such services is the regular employer of the individual rendering such services, and if such services are solely for the purpose of ensuring compliance with this act or chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26, but amounts paid or incurred by the regular employer for such legal or accounting services shall be reported in accordance with section 30104(b) by the committee receiving such services; (viii) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of campaign materials (such as pins, bumper stickers, handbills, brochures, posters, party tabloids, and yard signs) used by such committee in connection with volunteer activities on behalf of nominees of such party: Provided, That— (1) such payments are not for the costs of campaign materials or activities used in connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar type of general public communication or political advertising; (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or particular candidates; (ix) the payment by a State or local committee of a political party of the costs of voter registration and get-out-thevote activities conducted by such committee on behalf of nominees of such party for President and Vice President: Provided, That— (1) such payments are not for the costs of campaign materials or activities used in connection with any broadcasting, newspaper, magazine, billboard, direct mail, or similar type of general public communication or political advertising; (2) such payments are made from contributions subject to the limitations and prohibitions of this Act; and (3) such payments are not made from contributions designated to be spent on behalf of a particular candidate or candidates; and (x) payments received by a political party committee as a condition of ballot access which are transferred to another political party committee or the appropriate State official. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 26 | (3) In any criminal action brought for a violation of any provision of this act or of chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26, the court before which such action is brought shall take into account, in weighing the seriousness of the violation and in considering the appropriateness of the penalty to be imposed if the defendant is found guilty, whether— (A) the specific act or failure to act which constitutes the violation for which the action was brought is the subject of a conciliation agreement entered into between the defendant and the Commission under subparagraph (a)(4)(A); (B) the conciliation agreement is in effect; and (C) the defendant is, with respect to the violation involved, in compliance with the conciliation agreement. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 27 | The Commission has the power— (1) to require by special or general orders, any person to submit, under oath, such written reports and answers to questions as the Commission may prescribe; (2) to administer oaths or affirmations; (3) to require by subpoena, signed by the chairman or the vice chairman, the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of all documentary evidence relating to the execution of its duties; (4) in any proceeding or investigation, to order testimony to be taken by deposition before any person who is designated by the Commission and has the power to administer oaths and, in such instances, to compel testimony and the production of evidence in the same manner as authorized under paragraph (3); (5) to pay witnesses the same fees and mileage as are paid in like circumstances in the courts of the United States; (6) to initiate (through civil actions for injunctive, declaratory, or other appropriate relief), defend (in the case of any civil action brought under section 30109(a)(8) of this title) or appeal any civil action in the name of the Commission to enforce the provisions of this act and chapter 95 and chapter 96 of title 26, through its general counsel; (7) to render advisory opinions under section 30108 of this ti- tle; (8) to develop such prescribed forms and to make, amend, and repeal such rules, pursuant to the provisions of chapter 5 of title 5, § 30107 United States Code, as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act and chapter 95 and chapter 96 of title 26; and (9) to conduct investigations and hearings expeditiously, to encourage voluntary compliance, and to report apparent violations to the appropriate law enforcement authorities. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 28 | (6) (A) If the Commission is unable to correct or prevent any violation of this act or of chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26, by the methods specified in paragraph (4), the Commission may, upon an affirmative vote of 4 of its members, institute a civil action for relief, including a permanent or temporary injunction, restraining order, or any other appropriate order (including an order for a civil penalty which does not exceed the greater of $5,000 or an amount equal to any contribution or expenditure involved in such violation) in the district court of the United States for the district in which the person against whom such action is brought is found, resides, or transacts business. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 29 | (2) In any criminal action brought for a violation of any provision of this act or of chapter 95 or chapter 96 of this title 26, any defendant may evidence their lack of knowledge or intent to commit the alleged violation by introducing as evidence a conciliation agreement entered into between the defendant and the Commission under subsection (a)(4)(A) of this section which specifically deals with the act or failure to act constituting such violation and which is still in effect. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 30 | Notwithstanding clause (i) or (ii) of section 30101(20)(A) of this title, and subject to subparagraph (B), paragraph (1) shall not apply to any amount expended or disbursed by a State, district, or local committee of a political party for an activity described in either such clause to the extent the amounts expended or disbursed for such activity are allocated (under regulations prescribed by the Commission) among amounts— (i) which consist solely of contributions subject to the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements of this act (other than amounts described in subparagraph (B)(iii)); and (ii) other amounts which are not subject to the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements of this act (other than any requirements of this subsection). VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 31 | A candidate, individual holding Federal office, agent of a candidate or an individual holding Federal office, or an entity directly or indirectly established, financed, maintained or controlled by or acting on behalf of 1 or more candidates or individuals holding Federal office, shall not— (A) solicit, receive, direct, transfer, or spend funds in connection with an election for Federal office, including funds for any Federal election activity, unless the funds are subject to the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements of this Act; or (B) solicit, receive, direct, transfer, or spend funds in connection with any election other than an election for Federal office or disburse funds in connection with such an election unless the funds— (i) are not in excess of the amounts permitted with respect to contributions to candidates and political § 30125 committees under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of section 30116(a) of this title; and (ii) are not from sources prohibited by this act from making contributions in connection with an election for Federal office. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 32 | Promise of employment or other benefit for political activity Whoever, directly or indirectly, promises any employment, position, compensation, contract, appointment, or other benefit, provided for or made possible in whole or in part by any act of Congress, or any special consideration in obtaining any such benefit, to any person as consideration, favor, or reward for any political activity or for the support of or opposition to any candidate or any political party in connection with any general or special election to any political office, or in connection with any primary election or political convention or caucus held to select candidates for any political office, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 33 | Under such regulations, the Commission— (A) may, notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), provide for quarterly filing of the schedule described in paragraph (1) by a committee which files reports under this section more frequently than on a quarterly basis; (B) shall provide guidance to committees with respect to whether a person is reasonably known by a committee to be a person described in paragraph (7), which shall include a requirement that committees consult the websites maintained by the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives containing information filed pursuant to the Lobbying Disclosure act of 1995; (C) may not exempt the activity of a person described in paragraph (7) from disclosure under this subsection on the grounds that the person is authorized to engage in fundraising for the committee or any other similar grounds; and (D) shall provide for the broadest possible disclosure of activities described in this subsection by persons described in paragraph (7) that is consistent with this subsection. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 34 | (2) Notwithstanding any other provisions of law, any person who relies upon any provision or finding of an advisory opinion in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (1) and who acts in good faith in accordance with the provisions and findings of such advisory opinion shall not, as a result of any such act, be subject to any sanction provided by this act or by chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 35 | (C) In any civil action for relief instituted by the Commission under subparagraph (A), if the court determines that the Commission has established that the person involved in such civil action has committed a knowing and willful violation of this act or of chapter 95 or chapter 96 of title 26, the court may impose a civil penalty which does not exceed the greater of $10,000 or an amount equal to 200 percent of any contribution or expenditure involved in such violation (or in the case of a violation of section 30122 of this title, which is not less than 300 percent of the amount involved in the violation and is not more than the greater of $50,000 or 1000 percent of the amount involved in the violation. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 36 | The Commission shall— (1) prescribe forms necessary to implement this Act; (2) prepare, publish, and furnish to all persons required to file reports and statements under this act a manual recommending uniform methods of bookkeeping and reporting; (3) develop a filing, coding, and cross-indexing system consistent with the purposes of this Act. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 37 | Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any person who relies upon any rule or regulation prescribed by the Commission in accordance with the provisions of this section and who acts in good faith in accordance with such rule or regulation shall not, as a result of such act, be subject to any sanction provided by this act or by chapter 95 or chapter 96 of Title 26. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 38 | (b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law— (1) the period of limitations referred to in subsection (a) of this section shall apply with respect to violations referred to in such subsection committed before, on, or after the effective date of this section; and (2) no criminal proceeding shall be instituted against any person for any act or omission which was a violation of any provision of subchapter I of this chapter, as in effect on December 31, 1974, if such act or omission does not constitute a violation of any such provision, as amended by the Federal Election Campaign act Amendments of 1974. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 39 | Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment act of 1990 (1) This act may be cited as the “Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Act of 1990.” (2) (a) Findings. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 40 | (b) Procedures for Adjustments.— (1) Catch Up Adjustment.—For the first adjustment made under subsection (a) after the date of enactment of the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment act Improvements act of 2015— (A) the head of an agency shall adjust civil monetary penalties through an interim final rulemaking; and (B) the adjustment shall take effect not later than August 1, 2016. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 41 | — For the second adjustment made under subsection (a) after the date of enactment of the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment act Improvements act of 2015, and each adjustment thereafter, the head of an agency shall adjust civil monetary penalties and shall make the adjustment notwithstanding section 553 of title 5, United States Code. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 42 | (c) Exception.— For the first adjustment made under subsection (a) after the date of enactment of the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment act Improvements act of 2015, the head of an agency may adjust the amount of a civil monetary penalty by less than the otherwise required amount if— (1) the head of the agency, after publishing a notice of proposed rulemaking and providing an opportunity for comment, determines in a final rule that— TiTle 28. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 43 | (2) Initial Adjustment.— (A) In General.—Subject to subparagraph (C), for the first inflation adjustment under section 4 made by an agency after the date of enactment of the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment act Improvements act of 2015, the term “cost-of-living adjustment” means the percentage (if any) for each civil monetary penalty by which the Consumer Price Index for the month of October, 2015 exceeds the Consumer Price Index for the month of October of the calendar year dur- Nt. VOTING AND ELECTIONS Chapter 301—Federal Election Campaigns Subchapter 1—Disclosure of Federal Campaign Funds § 30101. | USA Electoral Law |
| 44 | Chairperson of the precinct election commission in the presence of members of the Commission, observers, representatives of the media shall: announce the start of the voting; check the emptiness of ballot boxes and plumbs them with disposable plastic seals, upon which an act indicating the numbers of plumbs is made; inform about the number of voters in accordance with the list, the number of ballot papers received and voters voted in advance. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 45 | After the end of voting, the members of the precinct election commission open a portable ballot box for voting, without counting votes, put the ballots in a special bag, seal the bag and draw up an act about it. General provisions Article 1. | Uzbekistan Electoral Law |
| 46 | (11) Under the Abortion act 1967, as amended in 1990, a pregnancy may only be terminated if two registered doctors consider that this step is justified in terms of one or more of the grounds specified in the Act. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 47 | The act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 48 | Part 3 General Provisions Section 3 Human Dignity All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights, endowed with reason and conscience, and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 49 | (2) Custody: Under the Criminal Justice act 1991, the offence must be so serious that it merits custody. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 50 | (2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 51 | (1) The common law allows people to speak and act in their own homes as they please and to carry on their daily business, provided that they do not infringe the rights of others or commit an offence. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 52 | (3) Is a criminal offence for a man to commit a homosexual act with a person under the age of 18. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 53 | (7) Computers: Under the Data Protection act 1984, which gives effect to a Council of Europe Convention, data users are required to register a description of the personal data they hold, the purposes for which they use it, the sources from which they obtain it and the categories of person to whom they may disclose it. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 54 | (4) British Dependent Territories citizens, British Nationals (Overseas), British overseas citizens, British subjects under the Citizenship act and British protected persons are entitled to be registered as British citizens after five years' residence in Britain. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 55 | (7) Under the Hong Kong act 1985 citizens are entitled to acquire a new form of nationality, that of British National (Overseas), together with a passport showing that an entry clearance is not required to visit Britain. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 56 | The act does not apply in Northern Ireland. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 57 | (4) The validity of an act of Parliament, once passed, cannot be disputed in the law courts. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 58 | To act as a disqualification from voting the interest must be direct, immediate and personal. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 59 | Section 38 Finances The Finance act is the most important of the annual statutes, and authorizes the raising of revenue. The Act known as the Bill of Rights 1689 deals with the exercise of the royal prerogative and succession to the Crown. | United Kingdom Constitution |
| 60 | If the President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 61 | (6) In case of the removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 62 | And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice- President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. Article I [Legislature] Section 1 [Legislative Power Vested] All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. | USA Constitution |
| 63 | The Oliy Majlis (the Parliament of the Republic) and the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, elected by the people, shall have the exclusive right to act on behalf of the people. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 64 | No part of society, political party, public association, movement, or individual shall have the right to act on behalf of the people of Uzbekistan. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 65 | The state, its bodies, other organizations, officials, public associations, and citizens shall act in accordance with the Constitution and the laws. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 66 | The mass media shall be free and act in accordance with law. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 67 | The State shall guarantee the freedom of the media to act and to exercise the right to seek, receive, use and disseminate information. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
| 68 | The Supreme Judicial Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall act as a body of court community and render support in observation of the constitutional principle of independence of the judiciary in the Republic of Uzbekistan. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Chapter I. | Uzbekistan Constitution |
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